增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体视网膜手术后玻璃体出血的临床观察

目的：探讨增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)玻璃体视网膜手术严重玻璃体出血的原因，并发症及处理方法。方法：对我院1997年1月至2001年3月住院行玻璃体视网膜手术治疗PDR的182例（198只眼）患者中术后发生严重玻璃体出血的16例（17只眼）患者进行回顾性分析。结果：术后玻璃体出血中52.9%出现于术后第一天，出血原因包括纤维血管膜残端出血，视网膜新生血管膜渗血，视网膜切开，视网膜裂孔，前玻璃体纤维血管增殖等；出血并发症包括继发性青光眼，增殖膜形成等。结论：PDR玻璃体切割术后玻璃体出血为术后常见的并发症；对于出血量大、难于吸收及出现并发症的病例，积极治疗可改善视力预力预后。     

晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的分析晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的疗效。设计回顾性临床病例系列。研究对象123只合并不同程度白内障的PDR患眼。方法对123只合并不同程度白内障的PDR患眼实施晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术治疗,同时I期植入人工晶状体(IOL),观察术后视力改善程度及术中术后并发症。主要指标术后视力改善程度、术后并发症发生率。结果123眼均实施晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术,并同时一期植入IOL于囊袋内。随访时间3￣21月(平均10个月)。99眼(81%)术后均有不同程度的视力改善。其中93眼(76%)术后视力提高2行或以上。术后无明显角膜水肿和角膜内皮失代偿发生。1例I型糖尿病患者术后6个月发生新生血管性青光眼;1眼术后发生视网膜脱离,再次手术后复位;4眼因玻璃体腔出血再次手术。术后视力无明显改善或视力提高不足2行的病例均合并不同程度的糖尿病黄斑病变。结论晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术是提高合并白内障的PDR患者视力的有效手段。糖尿病黄斑病变是影响术后视力提高的主要因素。(眼科,2006,15:198-201)     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体手术不同眼内填充物的效果分析

目的 研究玻璃体手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)后采用不同眼内填充物的效果.方法 对451例(536眼)行玻璃体手术治疗的PDR连续性病例从视力预后、视网膜复位、虹膜新生血管的发生、白内障形成、玻璃体再出血的角度进行回顾性分析.结果 主要依据术前或术中是否出现视网膜裂孔来选择眼内填充物,总的视网膜在位率92.54%;保留灌注液患者显示出更好的视力提高率(76.24%)和视网膜复位率(92.00%),低的虹膜新生血管发生率(2.78%)和白内障发生率(8.11%),保留灌注液和填充其他填充物总视网膜复位率无统计学差异(P=0.055),保留灌注液、填充气体、填充硅油的术后玻璃体再出血均以少量为主,以填充气体组的再出血率最低(10.14%).结论 术前或术中是否合并视网膜裂孔是PDR病例玻璃体手术选择眼内填充物的重要因素,PDR Ⅵ期并不是选择眼内填充物的指征,提高手术技巧、减少术中医源性裂孔形成可以减少硅油或气体的使用,以避免二次手术硅油取出和并发症发生.     

玻璃体切除联合不同眼内填充物治疗增性糖尿病视网膜病变的效果分析

目的 评估增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)行玻璃体切割术的治疗效果.对PDR不同分期以及联合不同填充物的视力和并发症情况进行观察和比较,探讨其预后的差别.方法 对因PDR行玻璃体手术的病例300例(384只眼)进行随访,根据玻璃体切割术后不同填充物分为硅油填充组、全氟丙烷填充组和平衡盐水组三组,比较各组间的视力预后及并发症发生情况.结果 (1)术后视力:在观察的384只眼中,随访时视力较术前提高者有271只眼(70.6%);其中保留BSS灌注液患者中有78只眼(84.8%),填充气体患者有58眼(70.7%),填充硅油患者135只眼(64.3%)视力提高.经x2检验,各组间视力提高比例的差别无统计学意义(均P>0.05).(2)术后并发症:玻璃体再出血发生率以填充BSS组最高(23.9%),与硅油填充组(10.5%)比较差异有统计学(P<0.05);并发性白内障以硅油填充组(26.4%)最高,与填充BSS组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);视网膜脱离发生率以硅油填充组最高,与填充BSS组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同填充物各组间虹膜红变发生率未显示统计学差异.结论 (1)玻璃体切割联合不同填充物能有效地控制病情,及时有效的玻璃体手术是挽救严重PDR患者有用视功能的关键.(2)玻璃体出血、视网膜脱离、并发性白内障和青光眼是PDR患者玻璃体切割术后主要的并发症.硅油填充组的玻璃体出血发生率少于其他组,但并发性白内障发生率较其他组高;(3)尽管玻璃体切割术联合硅油填充会引起一些并发症,但硅油有屏障、限制出血扩散和视网膜复位的作用,为进一步完成全视网膜激光光凝创造了条件,巩固了手术治疗的效果,明显提高视网膜复位率及手术治疗成功率     

增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变玻切术后再出血原因分析及处理

增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变（ＰＤＲ）玻璃体切割术后再出血是影响视力预后的一个重要因素。我们对９１例１００眼术后出血进行分析,结果如下;（１）一周内最易出血,５０５以上在一月内,控制好血糖,半年内未出血则以后很少出血。（２）原因有纤维血管膜残端,新生血管,晶体手术,硅油取出,激光不足。（３）出血多难吸收时,积极治疗可改善视力预后。     

Results of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

The authors treated 1007 eyes with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for surgery were: vitreous hemorrhage, 353 eyes (35%); traction retinal detachment, 360 eyes (36%); combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 172 eyes (17%); and other progressive fibrovascular proliferation 122 eyes (12%). During the study period, the frequency of vitreous hemorrhage as an indication for surgery decreased from 42 to 25%, and other progressive fibrovascular proliferation increased from 5 to 22%. The frequency of traction and traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachments did not change. The results of surgery varied according to the indication. Seventy-nine percent of eyes with vitreous hemorrhage obtained final vision of 5/200 or better. Similar results were obtained in 64% of eyes with traction detachment, 56% of eyes with rhegmatogenous detachment, and 81% of eyes with progressive fibrovascular proliferation. The percentage of eyes achieving final vision of 20/100 or better are as follows: vitreous hemorrhage, 48%; traction detachment, 27%; rhegmatogenous detachment, 24%; and progressive fibrovascular proliferation, 46%. The success rate improved in each anatomic category during the last 3 years of the study.     

Trimanual vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose

To describe and evaluate a novel technique of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) under chandelier illumination which is aided with the vital dyes and perfluorocarbon liquids for the management of the complex diabetic vitrectomy cases.

Methods

We conducted a prospective interventional comparative study on 40 eyes of 36 patients with advanced diabetic eye disease requiring PPV. The study was conducted in a single tertiary referral center. Eyes were divided on 1:1 basis by stratified randomization into two groups. Group 1 had trimanual vitrectomy done assisted with chandelier illumination, perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and vital dyes. Group 2 had the conventional bimanual vitrectomy done assisted with chandelier illumination only. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months after the surgery.

Results

Forty eyes of 36 patients with the mean age of 51.42 years (range 28–69) were evaluated. The anatomical success at 6 months could be achieved in all the eyes in both groups. The complete removal of the pre-retinal proliferations could be accomplished in all the eyes in the trimanual PPV group, and only in 85% of the eyes in the bimanual PPV group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the trimanual PPV group (p?<?0.001). More eyes in the trimanual PPV group (55.0%) could achieve better vision (>?6/60) 6 months after the operation compared to the bimanual PPV group (50.0%), but this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Trimanual PPV is a novel, safe and effective technique that can improve the results of the complex diabetic PPV.

     

23 G玻璃体手术系统治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的回顾分析

目的 探讨23 G玻璃体手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的特点。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2010年1月至2011年6月北京同仁医院眼底病科连续收治的100例（105眼）接受玻璃体手术治疗的PDR患者。方法  回顾上述患者的病历资料。对手术方式、手术时间、术后视力以及术后炎性反应和并发症等情况进行分析。主要指标  手术方式、手术时间、器械进出眼内次数、术后视力以及术后炎性反应和并发症。结果  105眼接受23 G玻璃体手术。其中术前单纯玻璃体积血者32眼,平均手术时间（52.0±15.2）分钟,平均器械进出眼内（8.5±2.5）次;需剥离视网膜前增生膜而无明显牵拉性视网膜脱离者23眼,平均手术时间（65.0±12.7）分钟,平均器械进出眼内（12.4±3.4）次;伴有明显视网膜脱离者50眼,平均手术时间（87.0±17.1）分钟,平均器械进出眼内（15.7±4.1）次。硅油填充30眼。所有患者无术中锯齿缘离断,术中使用眼内电凝16眼（15.2%）,无使用眼内剪刀者。术后1~3个月视力均有不同程度改善。结论  23 G玻璃体手术适用于从简单到复杂的各种PDR的治疗,熟练掌握23G玻璃体手术能提高手术效率、减少并发症、改善患者愈后。（眼科,2012,21：97-101）     

康柏西普预处理联合玻璃体切割术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变

目的 探讨抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物康柏西普对增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者玻璃体切割术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)术中和术后的影响.方法 将2016年1月至12月于我科确诊PDR伴有玻璃体出血(vitreous hemorrhage,VH)和(或)牵拉性视网膜脱离(tractional retinal detach-ment,TRD)的123例149眼患者纳入研究,其中康柏西普组64例78眼,对照组59例71眼.康柏西普组于PPV术前3d玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物0.50 mg(0.05 mL),对照组无处理.无明显并发症后2组行标准23G微创巩膜三通道玻璃体切割术,记录并分析手术时间、术中出血、医源性视网膜裂孔、眼内电凝使用、是否硅油填充等,对术前及术后1个月视力及黄斑厚度进行对比,观察术后并发症情况.结果 两组患者年龄、性别、糖化血红蛋白、糖尿病病程,VH≥Ⅲ级眼数(56/78、45/71),术前TRD比较均无明显差异.康柏西普预处理可明显降低PPV术中出血(43/78、49/71)、医源性视网膜裂孔的概率(11/78、21/71),减少眼内电凝使用(57/78、62/71)及硅油填充(43/78、51/71),进而缩短手术时间(58.63±21.66)s、(72.69±22.48)s,且其可明显改善术后视力(0.23±0.15,0.16±0.11)及黄斑水肿厚度(260.95±27.44) μm、(330.81±36.62) μm,同时降低二次积血发生率(3/78、10/71).结论 康柏西普预处理联合PPV是治疗PDR患者一项积极有效的治疗方案.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for examination of the sclerotomy site in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy

PURPOSE: We evaluated the capability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to predict fibrovascular proliferation at sclerotomy sites in eyes with postoperative vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was used for examining the sclerotomy sites in 13 eyes of 11 patients with PDR experiencing postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (PDR group). Thirty-nine sclerotomy sites (all entry sites of each eye) were examined before reoperation, and the UBM images were compared with findings obtained during revision of the vitrectomy. Thirteen eyes of 13 patients undergoing vitrectomy for nondiabetic diseases were used as controls and examined after vitrectomy. RESULTS: The UBM images were classified into the following four categories: A, tent; B, spheroid; C, trapezoid; and N, none. The findings were distributed as follows in the PDR group: category A, 18%; B, 5%; C, 56%; and N, 21 %; and as follows in the control group: category A, 28%; B, 5%; C, 5%; and N, 62%. In the PDR group, 11 of 12 sclerotomy sites disclosing fibrovascular proliferation possessed the trapezoidal image. Mean length of trapezoidal base was 2.49+/-0.97 mm and 1.51+/-0.75 mm in the groups with and without fibrovascular proliferation, respectively (P<0.01). The average relative reflectivity of the trapezoidal image against the sclera was 0.501+/-0.169 in the fibrovascular proliferation group and 0.891+/-0.183 in the fibrous ingrowth group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is useful in detecting fibrovascular proliferation at sclerotomy sites because a large and low-reflecting trapezoidal UBM image is highly correlated to its presence.     

Ahmed valve implantation for neovascular glaucoma after 23-gauge vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To report on the outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation for the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: Twelve medically uncontrolled NVG with earlier 23-gauge vitrectomy for PDR underwent AGV implantation. The control of intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, the development of intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated during the follow-up.RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 15.4±4.3 months (9-23 months). Mean preoperative IOP was 49.4±5.1mmHg and mean postoperative IOP at the last visit was 17.5±1.6mmHg. The control of IOP was achieved at the final follow-up visits in all patients, however, 8 of 12 patients still needed anti-glaucoma medication (mean number of medications, 0.8±0.7). The visual acuity improved in nine eyes, and the visual acuity unchanged in three eyes at the final follow-up visits. The complications that occurred were minor hyphema in three eyes, choroid detachment in two eyes, and the minor hyphema and choroid detachments were reabsorbed without any surgical intervention.CONCLUSION: AGV implantation is a safe and effective procedure that enables successful IOP control and vision preservation in the NVG patients with the history of earlier 23-gauge vitrectomy for PDR.     

Pathologic study following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

This article details the pathologic findings in eyes removed postmortem from a diabetic man with proliferative retinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment. Several years before death, to control hemorrhage from extraretinal vasoproliferative lesions, one eye only was treated with argon laser panretinal photocoagulation. Eight months before death the treated eye also was operated for tractional retinal detachment with current vitrectomy methods: membranotomy, partial peeling, and segmentation of preretinal membranes. Despite their atropic clinical appearance, the extraretinal lesions on pathologic study were "active." In the operated and nonoperated eyes the vascular and nonvascular proliferative lesions were of equal severity. The sclerotomy wounds were complicated by intraocular granulation tissue, focal granulomatous inflammation related to suture fragments, and intraocular hemorrhage.     

Timing of vitrectomy for active proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Eyes with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy with dense sub-hyaloid hemorrhage and significant visual loss represent an appropriate indication for prompt vitrectomy. Twenty-six such eyes in 22 patients were operated. The results are compared to 49 diabetic eyes undergoing vitrectomy for other complications of diabetic retinopathy. The results demonstrated both an improved anatomic success rate (85% compared to 73%) and a higher rate of reading visual function (54% compared to 18%) in the early vitrectomy group, substantiating the study hypothesis.     

增生期糖尿病视网膜病变围手术期注射雷珠单抗的临床观察

对严重增生期糖尿病视网膜病变（ PDR）患者行玻璃体切除术前予玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗有效性进行评价。方法选取我院2012年11月至2013年5月收治的严重PDR患者23例（23只眼）,将患者分为A、B两组,A组（13只眼）直接行玻璃体切除术,B组（10只眼）于玻璃体切除术5 d前行玻璃体腔雷珠单抗注入术。入选患者眼底情况：玻璃体积血的糖尿病视网膜病变（ DR）患者,行B型超声检查,提示玻璃体积血,机化膜形成,和（或）合并局限性牵拉性视网膜脱离;没有玻璃体积血的糖尿病视网膜病变患者,间接眼底检查有增殖形成和（或）合并牵拉性视网膜脱离。观察两组患者手术时间、术中发生严重出血的病例数,有无视网膜撕裂的发生,术后早期并发症的发生率、术后两个月视力的提高程度及两个月后玻璃体腔再增生、出血的发生率。结果 A组平均手术时间为（131．92±8．79）min,术中剥膜发生明显出血者7例,视网膜撕裂者6例,术后发生高眼压者6例,前房炎症平均消退时间（5．00±1．35） d,术后2个月最佳矫正视力无明显提高,术后玻璃体腔再出血者3例。 B组平均手术时间为（95．30±7．27）min,与A组比较有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）,术中见眼内新生血管明显萎缩,剥膜时均无严重出血,视网膜撕裂者1例,术后发生高眼压者2例,前房炎症平均消退时间（3．60±0．69）d,与A组比较有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;术后2个月无患者发生玻璃体腔再出血;术后2个月患者随访中最佳矫正视力好于术前,两组间比较无统计学差异（ t ＝1．288, P ＝0．21）。结论严重PDR患者行玻璃体切除术前玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗是可减少术中剥膜的出血量,有效缩短手术时间,术后并发症减少,术中行视网膜光凝容易,术后2个月最佳矫正视力有所提高,减少术后玻璃体腔增生再出血的情况。     

增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的手术治疗--玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化吸出术

目的　评价玻璃体手术联合晶状体乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析3 8例 (4 1眼 )行玻璃体切除联合晶状体乳化吸出术的伴有白内障的增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床资料 ,其中 3 7眼同期植入后房型人工晶状体。结果　术后随访 3～ 5 5月 ,平均 (12± 10 6)月。 2 7眼 (65 9% )术后视力改善。术中无并发症发生。术后并发症有 :前房炎性反应 3眼 (7 3 % ) ,玻璃体积血 5眼 (12 2 % ) ,复发性视网膜脱离 3眼 (7 3 % ) ,新生血管性青光眼 4眼(9 8% )。 14眼术后需要进一步治疗 ,包括眼内光凝、玻璃体手术和青光眼滤过手术。结论　玻璃体切除联合晶状体乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变 ,可使大多数患者的视力改善 ,手术是安全的     

Pars plana vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

In this contribution the authors present the results of treatment by pars plana vitrectomy in a consecutive series of 200 patients with proliferative retinopathy. Anatomical success was achieved in 82% of the cases of simple vitreous hemorrhages, in 63% and 67% respectively of the cases of traction detachment with or without vitreous hemorrhage, and in 55% of the cases of combined rhegmatogenous and traction detachment. Postoperative visual success was generally dependent on preoperative macular findings. Visual success was achieved in 71% of cases where the macula was attached preoperatively, as opposed to only 38% of the patients in whom it was preoperatively detached. Intraoperative retinal complications were less than 1% in cases of simple vitreous hemorrhage, rose to 13%-15% in cases of traction detachment and were quite common (32%) in cases of combined rhegmatogenous and traction detachment. A major goal of this paper was to show that anatomical and visual success as well as intraoperative complications were highly dependent on the degree of surgical difficulty and the stage of the disease. The results support the concept that vitreous surgery should be considered early in the late stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.     

玻璃体切割手术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的 评估玻璃体切割手术治疗1型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)所致增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的临床疗效及并发症特点.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年1月于我院确诊为PDR并行玻璃体切割手术治疗的18例(28眼)小于30岁的1型DM患者的临床资料,观察术后视力改善程度及术中、术后并发症.结果 术后随访6 ～ 72(平均43.0)个月,23眼(82.1％)术后视力维持或改善,5眼(17.9％)视力下降,其中无光感2眼(7.1％);1次手术复位视网膜脱离12眼(92.3％);术中并发症为医源性视网膜裂孔3眼;术后并发症:前房炎症反应9眼,前房积血5眼,复发性玻璃体积血2眼,复发性视网膜脱离3眼,虹膜红变5眼,新生血管性青光眼4眼.结论 玻璃体切割手术可以很好地恢复年轻1型DM所致PDR患者的视网膜解剖结构及功能,术后新生血管相关性并发症重,需行充足全视网膜光凝及术前抗VEGF注药治疗.