Support with Impella versus intra-aortic balloon pump in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The survival benefit and safety of Impella support versus intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock were investigated in several observational trials that revealed mixed results. Thus, in order to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of Impella versus IABP in AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock.Methods:We will search the EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library from inception to Mar 2021 to retrieve relevant studies. Two independent authors will extract the information from the selected studies. Disagreements will be resolved through a discussion with a third review author. The outcomes include mortality and complications. The quality of randomized trials will be assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials and the risk of bias in non-randomized studies - of Interventions for non-randomized, observational studies. Review Manager software (v 5.4; Cochrane Collaboration) will be used for the meta-analysis.Results:The present meta-analysis will compare the efficacy and safety of Impella versus IABP in AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock.Conclusions:The results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria and the review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/SKEQ7.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because this study is a literature-based study. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.     

Comparison of carvedilol versus metoprolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The existing meta-analyses and randomized studies on comparing the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol are of poor quality, with small sample sizes, and involve a homogeneous population. Therefore, to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the mortality benefits of carvedilol with metoprolol head to head and determine the better beta-blocker in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) setting.Methods:Seven electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library will be searched in May 2021 by 2 independent reviewers. The protocol was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement guidelines. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes include complex cardiovascular events, sudden death, cardiovascular death, reinfarction, revascularization, readmission, ventricular arrhythmias, and drug withdrawal for all causes except death. All outcomes are pooled on random-effect model. A P value of <.05 is considered to be statistically significant.Results:The review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/VSTJC.     

Efficacy and safety of colchicine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:There are no meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy and safety of colchicine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Our protocol is conceived to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine in comparison of placebo and test the hypothesis that a short course of treatment with colchicine could lead to reduced infarct size in patients presenting with AMI.Methods:We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines and the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration to conduct this meta-analysis. Reviewers will search the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE online databases for all English-language cohort studies published up to April, 2021. The cohort studies focusing on assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine in the treatment of AMI will be included in our meta-analysis. At least one of the following outcomes should have been measured: reduced infarct size, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, adverse events, death and major cardiovascular events. Review Manager software will be used for the meta-analysis. All outcomes are pooled on random-effect model. A P value of <.05 is considered to be statistically significant.Results:Our protocol is conceived to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine in comparison of placebo and test the hypothesis that a short course of treatment with colchicine could lead to reduced infarct size in patients presenting with AMI.Registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/NTU5F.     

Clinical efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong injection for acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Shuxuetong injection (SXT) is a Chinese medicine injection and has been widely used for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Asia. However, whether SXT has a definite efficacy and safety is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to clarify the effect of SXT on clinical symptoms alliavation and survival in AMI patients.Methods:A systematic reviews of SXT combined with conventional therapy treating AMI will be searched in 8 electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine (CBM), Google Scholar, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from inception to December 2020. The literature will extracted by 2 researchers independently and the methodological quality of the included study will be evaluated. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to evaluate the evidence quality of the included literature. RevMan software (version 5.3) will be applied for the original research data synthesis.Results:The results of our study will be published in a peer reviewed journal.Conclusion:Our meta-analysis will provide the latest evidence to determine whether SXT is an effective intervention for AMI patients.     

The efficacy of ivabradine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Cardiovascular diseases have become a prominent threat to public health and quality of life. In recent years, some studies have reported that ivabradine can improve the cardiac function and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, we perform a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of ivabradine for treating AMI.Methods:This protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis has been drafted under the guidance of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols. We will search PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline databases for relevant studies. In addition, we will also collect 4 databases of China: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Science Journal Database, and Wan-fang Database. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Handbook risk of bias assessment tool version (V.5.1.0). We will use STATA 16.0 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX) to perform data analysis.Results:The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusion:We hypothesized that ivabradine can reduce the resting heart rate and improve heart function in patients with AMI.     

Impact of administration of nicorandil prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in treatment of acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In order to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of nicorandil prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.Methods:This systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two reviewers independently will search randomized controlled trials or observational studies about the treatment of nicorandil on AMI patients. Retrieved databases include Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. And retrieval time is limited from inception to June 2021. Key words are nicorandil, myocardial infarction, or similar expansion words without publication limitation. Biomechanical studies, in vitro studies, review articles, techniques, case reports, letters to the editor, and editorials are excluded.Results:The results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria and the review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/UEPKB.     

Xuesaitong injection treating acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Although the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is decreasing, the mortality in AMI patients remains substantial. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown its role in the prevention and management of AMI. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuesaitong injection (XST) for the treatment of AMI by a meta-analysis.Methods:A literature search was performed in 5 medical databases up to June 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials involving XST combined with conventional treatment versus conventional treatment were included. A meta-analysis of clinical efficacy, left ventricular function and other objective parameters was performed to evaluate the effects of XST on AMI.Results:Five randomized controlled trials involving 539 participants were eventually included. Meta-analysis showed that the combination of XST and conventional treatment could achieve significantly better effect on improving clinical efficacy (risk ratio: 1.09 [1.01, 1.17]; P = .04), left ventricular ejection fraction (mean difference [MD]: 3.18 [1.69, 4.67]; P < .0001), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (MD: −2.58 [−5.04, −0.12]; P = .04), interleukin 6 (MD: −26.00 [−38.85, −13.16]; P < .0001), cardiac troponin T (MD: −15.85 [−18.09, −13.61]; P < .00001) and creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme (MD: −73.06 [−79.74, −66.37]; P < .00001).Conclusion:XST combined with conventional treatment can achieve better efficacy on clinical performance and some of the AMI related parameters. However the interpretation of the results should be cautious, due to the relatively low quality of included trials. More rigorously designed, large-scaled, randomized controlled trials are warranted to support its clinical use in the future.     

Hypothermia therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the role of systemic therapeutic hypothermia remains controversial. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of systemic therapeutic hypothermia in patients with AMI receiving PCI.Methods:This study will use the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database, and Ongoing Clinical Trials Database. The search terms were hypothermia, cooling, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia and acute coronary syndrome. Quality assessment of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results:The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether hypothermia therapy is an effective and safe intervention for patients with AMI receiving PCI.Registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/9XJSB.     

Exploring diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of microRNAs for acute myocardial infarction: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:Previous investigations yielded inconsistent results for diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and results:We systematically searched on PubMed and Web of Science for articles explored association of miRNAs and AMI published from January 1989 to March 2019. For diagnostic studies, a summary of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), which indicated the accuracy of microRNAs in the differentiation of AMI and no AMI, were calculated from the true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP), and false negative (FN) of each study. In addition, the summary receive-operating characteristics (SROC) curve was constructed to summarize the TP and FP rates. For follow-up study, we computed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual clinical outcomes. The meta-analysis showed a sensitivity [0.72 (95% CI: 0.61--0.81)] and specificity [0.88 (95% CI: 0.79--0.94)] of miR-1 for AMI. In addition, miR-133 showed a sensitivity [0.73 (95% CI: 0.55--0.85)] and specificity [0.88 (95% CI: 0.74--0.95)] for AMI. Moreover, the present study showed a sensitivity [0.83 (95% CI: 0.74--0.89)] and specificity [0.96 (95% CI: 0.82--0.99)] of miR-208 for AMI. A significant association was found between miR-208 and mortality after AMI (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01--1.18). It also indicated a sensitivity [0.84 (95% CI: 0.70--0.92)] and specificity [0.97 (95% CI: 0.87--0.99)] of miR-499 for AMI.Conclusions:Circulating miR-1, miR-133, miR-208, and miR-499 showed diagnostic values in AMI.     

Effects of continuous use of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:To our knowledge, no meta-analyses or reviews have investigated the efficacy and safety of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We thus conduct a high-quality systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes after AMI in patients with T2DM.Methods:In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we will search PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases through April, 2021. The study is structured to adhere to PRISMA guidelines (i.e., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). The literature search, data extraction, and quality assessments are conducted independently by 2 authors. Outcome measures include all-cause mortality; complications such as acute kidney injury, lactic acidosis, hospitalization for AMI or stroke, or death. Where disagreement in the collection of data occurs, this is resolved through discussion. Review Manager Software (v 5.3; Cochrane Collaboration) is used for the meta-analysis. Two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included studies at study level.Results:It is hypothesized that metformin use at the post-AMI is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and death in patients with T2DM.Conclusions:This study expects to provide credible and scientific evidence for the efficacy and safety of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes after AMI in patients with T2DM.Registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/S3MBP.     

老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者应用国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架5年临床随访

目的评估老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者应用国产支架的长期安全性。方法入选年龄≥60岁的急性STEMI患者113例,随机分为国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(DES)组56例和金属裸支架(BMS)组57例。随访5年,观察支架内血栓形成和主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率情况。结果 5年随访期间,DES组与BMS组病死率分别为7.1%和7.0%(P>0.05);DES组靶病变重建、MACE分别为10.7%、23.2%,BMS组分别为28.1%、42.1%(P<0.05)。DES组支架内血栓、极晚期支架内血栓发生率分别为8.9%、3.6%;BMS组分别为7.0%、1.8%,2组比较差异无统计学意义。结论老年急性STEMI患者应用国产雷帕霉素DES较BMS明显降低MACE,且极晚期血栓发生率无明显升高。     

Effect and safety of acupuncture on cerebrovascular reserve in patients with acute cerebral infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:As far as we know, no evidence has been established to assess the effects of acupuncture for acute cerebral infarction patients. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on cerebrovascular reserve in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:On June 20, 2021, the authors will perform a preliminary search in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the following keywords: “acupuncture,” “acute cerebral infarction.” We will also examine the Clinical Trials Registry for other ongoing and unpublished studies. The inclusion criteria included (1) patients with acute cerebral infarction, (2) patients who received acupuncture, and (3) studies assessed cerebrovascular reserve, breath-holding index, Barthel index, and adverse events. All English language randomized controlled trials published within the last 20 years were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome measures in our study are cerebrovascular reserve, and secondary outcome measures include the breath-holding index, Barthel index, and adverse events. All outcomes are pooled on a random-effect model.Results:The results of this research will be delivered in a peer-reviewed journal.OSF registration number:10.17605/OSF.IO/7M4BK.     

药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊冠脉介入治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法选择2002-11~2004-11在深圳市人民医院心内科收治的77例AMI患者,均在起病12h内给予急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),按介入治疗时使用的支架不同分为两组:雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架组(38例)和普通支架组(39例)。结果所有77例病人PCI均获得成功。雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架组38支梗死相关血管的38处病变置入了38个支架;普通支架组39支梗死相关血管的39处病变置入了39个支架。两组病人的PCI后造影情况、临床情况差异无显著性。结论CypherTM雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架应用于急性心肌梗死血栓性病变是安全的和有效的。     

药物洗脱支架与单纯球囊扩张术在急性心肌梗死小血管罪犯病变中应用的对照研究

目的探讨药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死小血管罪犯病变介入治疗中的安全性与有效性。方法共入选1 364例罪犯血管为小血管病变（靶血管直径≤2.5 mm）的急性心肌梗死并接受成功PCI治疗患者,根据治疗方案分为药物洗脱支架组（支架组,n=683）,单纯球囊扩张组（球囊扩张组,n=681）,对比两组患者随访8个月时的主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果支架组与球囊扩张组相比,总病死率显著减低（P=0.049）,其他不良心脏事件发生率两组间比较无统计学差异。结论急性心肌梗死小血管病变患者即使闭塞血管已再通,置入药物洗脱支架也是必要的。     

The efficacy of Tai Chi for intervention treatment of myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:This protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis aims at assessing the clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of Tai Chi interventions in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Methods:Literature retrieval will use the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database, and Ongoing Clinical Trials Database. Our search strategy was based on a string of text words, Medical Subject Headings, and subject headings indicative of Tai Chi. The search strings included: tai chi chuan, taiji, and taiji quan interventions in myocardial infarction; MI infarcts; myocardial infarcts; myocardial; coronary artery disease; coronary arteriosclerosis; acute coronary syndromes; and coronary syndromes. Quality assessment of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results:The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.Conclusion:This study will provide reliable evidence regarding the efficacy of Tai Chi in patients with MI and provide up-to-date evidence for its application.     

ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死急诊置入药物洗脱支架与普通金属裸支架的比较

目的对比观察雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架（Cypher）与普通金属支架（Bx-sonic）在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEAMI）急诊冠脉介入（PCI）治疗中应用的安全性和临床疗效。方法选择我院急诊住院的82例STEAMI患者,在发病时间12h内急诊行直接PCI治疗,其中50例于梗死相关血管的靶病变植入Cypher支架（Cypher支架组）,32例植入Bx-sonic支架（普通支架组）。并对其临床资料,病变特征,术后住院期间及随访期间再梗死、死亡、靶血管再成形等心脏不良事件发生率进行分析。结果两组支架术患者住院期间心脏不良事件发生率无显著差异。平均随访（6.2±2.3）个月,Cypher支架组心绞痛发生率较普通支架组显著减低（5%vs21%,P<0.01）。Cy-pher支架组无心脏事件生存率显著高于普通支架组（95%vs78%,P<0.01）。普通支架组支架内再狭窄率较Cy-pher支架组高。再梗死、心源性死亡、中风等不良事件发生率无显著差异。结论雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架与普通支架一样在STEAMI急诊PCI中是安全有效的。     

Circulating microRNA-208 family as early diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis

Objective:Many recent studies have demonstrated that serum miRNA-208 (miR-208) could be a powerful biomarker in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the result of previous studies was not accurate due to the small sample sizes and controversial issues. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression levels of miR-208 and AMI.Materials and methods:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a preliminary literature search was performed. The study was based on articles published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases before September 30, 2019. Two staff members extracted data from the included articles for meta-analysis. These data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operator curve (SROC) analyses.Results:This study included 13 pieces of literature, which contains 1703 patients with AMI and 1589 controls. The main results of our meta-analysis were as follows: The pool sensitivity and specificity of miR-208 for diagnosing AMI was 83% and 97%. The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 93%. Mir-208 had a highly effective diagnostic capacity to distinguish AMI from chest pain patients with an AUC of 93%.Conclusions:The results showed that circulating miR-208 was a reliable biomarker both for diagnosting ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). MiR-208 was sufficient to distinguish AMI patients with chest pain from healthy controls.     

药物洗脱支架直接置入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床观察

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(CYPHERTM,codis)治疗的临床效果。方法对21例AMI患者在发病12h内,未经球囊预扩张而直接置入药物洗脱支架。梗死相关血管(IRA)共21支,左前降支10例,左回旋支4例,右冠状动脉7例。心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流1级10例、2级9例、3级2例。结果21例患者共置入21个CYPHERTM支架,支架置入后TIMI血流3级20例、2级1例,残余狭窄为3±4.1%,支架置入成功率100%。住院期间无一例死亡,也无再次心肌梗死及再次靶病变需重复再通治疗。结论急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗,成功率高,并发症少,安全可行。