灌胃刺激对小鼠自主活动计数的影响

在评价药物对中枢神经系统的影响时,小鼠自主活动实验是比较简单、易行的药理学方法之一.时辰、声音、光线等对小鼠自主活动的影响已有报道[1],笔者在尽量避免上述因素影响的前提下,发现灌胃刺激对小鼠的自主活动有较大的影响,闪增郁等[2]在以小鼠灌胃前后的自主活动为指标时体现出了这种现象.灌胃给药在研究中药制剂时是一种较常用的给药方式,因此该研究有一定必要性.本文针对灌胃刺激对小鼠自主活动的影响进行了研究.     

关于小鼠自主活动规律的研究

目的　观察小鼠自主活动规律 ,为研究小鼠中枢神经系统的功能状态和药物作用奠定基础。方法　观察不同的测定时间、测定次数、性别、声音、光线及药物对小鼠自主活动的影响。结果　小鼠的自主活动与测定次数、声音及药物有关 ,而与测定时间、性别及光线无关。结论　小鼠的自主活动个体差异较大 ,实验环境安静与否影响其结果     

莫达非尼对小鼠自主活动的影响

目的:研究莫达非尼对小鼠自主活动的影响,以评价莫达非尼对小鼠神经系统的作用。方法:应用计算机视频分析系统观察莫达非尼对雄性小鼠单位时间内活动的总活动度、平均速度和线性度的影响。结果: 对照组在相同时间点相比,120mg/kg的莫达非尼可以显著升高小鼠单位时间内活动的总活动度、平均速度以及线性度。60mg/kg异丙嗪可以部分拮抗莫达非尼对小鼠自主活动的影响。结论:莫达非尼可以兴奋小鼠中枢神经系统,机制可能与胆碱能系统或5-HT系统有关。     

关于小鼠自主活动统计方法的商榷

关于小鼠自主活动统计方法的商榷戴体俊（徐州医学院麻醉药理学教研室．江苏２２１００２）目前，国内测定小鼠自主活动计数（下简称活动数）多采用光电管法［１］或ＹＳＤ－药理、生理多用仪法［２］。作者们不记录给药前的活动数，而在给药后将动物放在计数盒内，测定某...     

佐匹克隆对大鼠化学点燃效应的影响

目的：佐匹克隆(zopiclone，zpl)为环吡咯酮类化合物，为第三代镇静、催眠药。我们曾报道了大鼠电点燃效应的影响，本研究旨在探讨其对大鼠化学点燃的影响。方法：雌性Wistar大鼠30只，放人笼内，每笼3只，将质量浓度为17．5g／L的戊四唑(PTZ)35mg／kg，腹腔注射，隔日一次，注射容积2mL／kg，观察给药后1h     

新型静脉麻醉药HX0969w对小鼠自主活动的影响

目的 研究新型静脉麻醉药HX0969w对小鼠自主活动的影响.方法 将60只筛选后的昆明种小鼠随机分为6组,分别给予生理盐水、异丙酚、注射用磷丙泊酚钠、低、中、高剂量的HX0969w.每5 min测定1次小鼠的水平及垂直运动次数,直至小鼠给药(或翻正反射恢复)后30 min.结果 低、中、高剂量HX0969w组小鼠对水平运动次数的减少分别在5～10、20～25、20～ 25 min时恢复,对垂直运动次数的减少分别在20 ～ 25、25 ～ 30、25～30 min时恢复;而等效剂量的异丙酚、注射用磷丙泊酚钠组小鼠分别与中剂量HX0969w组的相比,水平运动次数在15 min后两者均与其无统计学差异,前3组的垂直运动次数在30 min内均无统计学差异.结论 HX0969w对小鼠自主活动可产生可逆的抑制作用.     

地西泮对小鼠自主活动和学习记忆功能的影响

目的：观察不同剂量地西泮（Diazepam,D）对小鼠自主活动和学习记忆功能的影响。方法：昆明种小鼠120只,随机分成4组：生理盐水组（NS组）,地西泮0.5mg/kg组（D0.5组）,地西泮1.0mg/kg组（D1.0组）,地西泮2.0mg/kg组（D2.0组）,每组10只。观察不同剂量地西泮对小鼠自主活动计数、跳台法（step-down test）和避暗法（step-through test）的潜伏期和错误次数的影响。结果：与NS组比较,地西泮可剂量依赖性地减少小鼠自主活动次数计数,缩短跳台法和避暗法的潜伏期,增多错误次数。结论：地西泮能减少小鼠自主活动,抑制小鼠学习记忆功能,但在停药3d后此作用消失。     

应用Actiwatch监测小鼠自主活动的研究

目的:将体动记录仪(Actiwatch)用于小鼠自主活动的监测,验证其与人工计数结果的相关程度。方法:30只小鼠随机分为3组(对照组、地西泮组和咖啡因组),用Actiwatch记录各组小鼠在抖笼中的活动情况,与同步人工计数的相关数据进行比较,并行相关性分析。结果:Actiwatch和人工记数的结果均显示地西泮组运动时间、活动次数与咖啡因组、正常组相比有统计学差异(P<0.01);而正常组与咖啡因组运动时间和活动次数无差异(P>0.05)。Actiwatch记录3组小鼠的运动时间与人工计数的大幅度活动运动时间之间无差异(P>0.05)。Actiwatch记录3组小鼠的运动时间、活动次数与人工计数的数据行相关性分析,r值分别为0.83和0.91。结论:Acti-watch对小鼠自主活动的记录数据与人工计数的数据密切相关,Actiwatch可以替代人工计数用于记录小鼠的自主活动。     

羟丁酸钠对小鼠体质量、自主活动和学习记忆的影响

目的:观察连续多次使用羟丁酸钠(SO)对幼龄小鼠体质量、自主活动和学习记忆的影响。方法:按分层随机区组设计将小鼠分为4组(n=20):生理盐水10mL.kg-1组(NS组),SO25,50,100mg.kg-1组(S025、SO50、SO100组),均为腹腔注射(ip)给药。第1～5天每隔24h给药一次,第6天停药并测量小鼠体质量、自主活动次数、避暗法及跳台法的潜伏期和错误次数。结果:与NS组比较,SO100组小鼠体质量降低(P<0.05),SO50、SO100组自主活动次数减少(P<0.01),避暗法及跳台法的潜伏期和错误次数差异无显著性。结论:多次使用SO可使小鼠体质量减轻,自主活动次数减少,但对学习记忆没有明显影响。     

藿香正气片对小鼠自发活动的影响

目的:研究藿香正气片增强镇静催眠药对小鼠的镇静催眠作用.方法:以小鼠的走动时间、前肢向上抬举为指标观察藿香正气片的镇静作用及与镇静催眠药的协同作用.结果:藿香正气片组与生理盐水组比较,具有显著性差异( P < 0.05);藿香正气片 地西泮组与地西泮组比较,也具有显著性差异( P < 0.05).结论:藿香正气片具有镇静作用,与镇静催眠药合用具有明显的协同作用.     

Effect of antipsychotic and other classes of drugs on spontaneous locomotor activity and neurotoxicity in mice.

Quantitative estimates were made of the effects of several classes of drugs on spontaneous activity and neurotoxicity in mice. Clinically effective antipsychotic agents had a more selective action on spontaneous activity than other classes of drugs with the exception of clonidine and a related compound.     

异氟烷对幼小鼠自主活动和学习记忆行为的影响

目的观察异氟烷(Iso)对幼小鼠自主活动和学习记忆行为的影响,探讨其与γ-氨基丁酸A受体(GABAA)的关系。方法 360只小鼠分为3大组,分别进行自主活动实验、避暗实验和跳台实验,每大组按分层随机区组设计分为正常对照组,Iso 0.05,0.1和0.2 ml·kg-1组、GABAA受体特异性阻断剂一叶萩碱(Sec)2,4和8 mg.kg-1组和Iso 0.2 m.lkg-1+Sec 2,4和8 mg.kg-1组。小鼠sc给予Sec 10 min后,再ip给予Iso,测试给药后15,30,45和60 min小鼠5 min内活动次数;跳台仪和避暗仪记录小鼠步入、跳下的潜伏期和错误次数。结果与同一时间点的正常对照组相比,Iso可减少小鼠自主活动次数,给予Iso后1 d小鼠避暗实验和跳台实验的步入和跳下潜伏期缩短以及错误次数增加(P<0.05)。正常小鼠单独给Sec(除Sec 8 mg·kg-1组15 min外)对小鼠自主活动、步入和跳下潜伏期和错误次数无明显影响,但Sec可改善Iso导致的小鼠自主活动次数,拮抗Iso对小鼠自主活动的影响,但随着时间延长拮抗作用逐渐减弱,明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。Sec延长Iso小鼠的跳下和步入潜伏期,减少错误次数,基本恢复至正常对照组水平,明显改善Iso对幼小鼠学习记忆的影响(P<0.05)。结论 Iso可降低幼小鼠自主活动次数,损害学习记忆能力,GABAA受体可能部分参与了以上作用。     

丙泊酚对幼小鼠自主活动和学习记忆行为的影响

目的观察丙泊酚(Prof)对幼小鼠自主活动和学习记忆行为的影响,探讨其与GABAA受体的关系。方法 300只9～10日龄小鼠分为3大组,分别进行自主活动实验、避暗实验和跳台实验,各组小鼠ip Prof或NS 10 min后icv荷包牡丹碱(Bic)或人工脑脊液(aCSF)。测试最后一次给药后15、30、45和60 min小鼠5 min内活动次数;跳台仪和避暗仪记录小鼠步入、跳下的潜伏期和错误次数。结果与NS组比,Prof可减少小鼠自主活动次数;给Prof 24h后小鼠步入和跳下潜伏期缩短、错误次数增加(P<0.05)。Bic可增加Prof小鼠自主活动次数,延长其跳下和步入潜伏期,减少错误次数(P<0.05)。结论 Prof可减少幼小鼠自主活动次数,损害学习记忆能力,GABAA受体是其重要靶位。     

聚乙二醇修饰重组人血管内皮抑制素对BALB/c小鼠自主活动和协同睡眠的影响

目的 根据新药申报要求,研究聚乙二醇修饰重组人血管内皮抑制素（M2ES）对小鼠自主活动和协同睡眠的影响,以确定其可能关系到人安全性的非期望药理作用。方法 120只BALB/c小鼠,随机分为4组：对照组和M2ES低、中、高剂量组,分别单次尾iv氯化钠注射液和6、12、24 mg/kg的M2ES注射液。测定给药前和给药后15、60、120、240、360 min小鼠5 min内的自发活动次数,以及对阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠的影响。结果 与对照组比较,M2ES低、中、高剂量组在给药前后各时间点小鼠的自主活动次数以及睡眠发生率均差异不显著。结论 M2ES在24 mg/kg及其以下剂量下对小鼠自主活动无显著性影响,与阈下催眠剂量的戊巴比妥钠无明显协同催眠作用。     

Effect of alpha-methyltryptamine on spontaneous activity in mice.

A standard dose of 10 mg/kg (48 mu mole/kg) of (+/-)-alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) induced a significant and long lasting increase in spontaneous activity in mice. Pretreatment of mice with either pimozide or alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (AMPT) prevented the activity increase induced by AMT. In similar trials, methysergide or para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were also found to antagonize the development of hyperactivity following a standard dose of AMT. The results suggest that both endogenous dopamine and serotonin many participate in the hyperactivity induced by AMT.     

Effect of valeprotriate on spontaneous motor activity in mice

The purpose of the present investigation was to study effects of valtrate and acetoxyvaltrate hydrine on locomotor activity of mice. The method is characterized by the control of single animals over two total periods of activity. A differentiated effect curve caused by the substances during 24 h was maintained and an effect by doses used in therapy became evident. Locomotor activity was significantly inhibited by valtrate in a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg injected i.v. and 0.5 mg/kg if applied p.o. Higher concentrations did not result in an elongated effect. Acetoxyvaltrate hydrine, which is characterized by missing epoxide structure, caused reduced locomotor activity in a concentration of 4 mg/kg.     

Biphasic effects of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate on spontaneous motor activity in mice

Dose-response relationships for onset, duration, and magnitude of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) on spontaneous motor activity (SMA) were studied in mice. QNB was administered SC immediately before 2-h test sessions in dose levels differing by a factor of 0.5 log (range 0.1–10.0 mg/kg). For the total activity session of 2 h, QNB had a biphasic effect on SMA; at a low dose (0.1 mg/kg) it decreased, and at moderate to higher doses (0.3–10.0 mg/kg) it increased SMA in a dose-related fashion. The onset and duration of the significant decreasing or increasing effects were also dose-dependent; at the low dose (0.1 mg/kg) it depressed SMA from 5 to 35 min postinjection, at moderate doses (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) it enhanced SMA from 5 to 45 min and 5 to 70 min, respectively, postinjection. At the higher doses (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) it increased SMA within 5 min and lasted for 100 and 120 min, respectively. The increase in SMA for the dose range from moderate to high doses of QNB (0.3–10.0 mg/kg) was linear with dose. In general, QNB appears to produce a biphasic effect on SMA responding in mice.     

Dual effects of acetylcholine on the spontaneous activity in the isolated perfused spinal cord of the frog.

This study was undertaken to elucidate the possible cholinergic mechanisms contributing to the excitation of spinal motoneurones. Experiments were carried out in isolated spinal cord-nervemuscle preparations of the bullfrog, in which the spinal cord was perfused with Ringer solution through the anterior spinal artery. The spontaneous discharges on the ventral root and the muscle contractions were recorded simultaneously. The addition of acetylcholine (10^?4-10^?3m) to the medium, perfusig the spinal cord, resulted in a transient increase in the rate of spontaneous discharges in the ventral root accompanied by tonic muscle contractions. The effect was inhibited by d-tubocurarine (10^?5M) but not by atropine (10^?5 M). Nicotine (10^?5 M) caused a marked increase in the rate of spontaneous discharges and tonic muscle contractions. With continuous application of acetylcholine, spontaneous discharges in the ventral root sometimes changed to rhythmical bursts. Carbamylcholine (10^?5M), bethanechol (10^?4M) and methacholine (10^?3M) clearly induced the rhythmical bursts and corresponding muscle contractions. The initiation of the rhythmic activity was prohibited by pretreatment with atropine (10^?5M). The results suggest that there are at least two types of cholinergic synapses in the frog spinal cord; muscarinic and nicotinic.