犬左肺移植的实验研究

目的 总结犬左肺移植的经验。方法 14例犬分供、受体，进行了7次动物实验。吻合顺序先左房袖，后肺动脉，最后左主支气管，移植后同时采集肺动脉、肺静脉血行血气分析了解移植肺功能。结果 所有移植肺早期肺功能均正常。术后1例存活8天，余6例均在24h内死亡。结论 缺血再灌注损伤是早期死亡的主要原因。     

犬异体单肺移植的实验研究

目的:通过犬异体单肺移植,掌握供肺的灌注、切取、保存、修剪的方法以及受体单肺移植的手术方法。方法:杂种犬10只,分为供体和受体,进行5次动物实验,其中异体左肺移植4例,异体右肺移植1例。先吻合支气管,后吻合肺动脉,最后心房袖,移植后于不同时点暂阻断对侧肺动脉并检测植入肺的功能参数。结果:所有移植肺通气和换气功能均正常,移植后犬恢复自主呼吸,能站立行走。术后1例存活5d,供体肺冷缺血时间4h;另1例存活3d,供体肺冷缺血时间17h;余3例均在24h内死亡。结论:犬异体单肺移植早期犬死亡的主要原因是移植肺的缺血再灌注损伤。     

犬自体单肺移植的实验研究

目的:通过同种自体犬单肺移植,掌握供肺的灌注,切取,保存,和修剪方法以及单肺移植的手术方法.方法:11例犬进行了一次犬自体单肺移植动物实验,其中8例自体左单肺移植.3例自体右单肺移植,吻合顺序先支气管后肺动脉,最后心房袖,移植后于不同时点暂阻断对侧肺动脉并检测植入肺的功能参数.结果:所有移植肺通气和换气功能均正常,移植后犬恢复自主呼吸.9例在24小时内死亡,2例在术中死亡.结论:冷缺血再灌注损伤是早期死亡的主要原因.     

犬左肺移植的实验研究

目的 总结犬左肺移植的经验。方法 14例犬分供、受体，进行了7次动物实验。吻合顺序先左房袖，后肺动脉，最后左主支气管，移植后同时采集肺动脉、肺静脉血行血气分析了解移植肺功能。结果 所有移植肺早期肺功能均币常．术后1例存活8天．余6例均在24h内死亡。结论 缺血再灌注损伤是早期死亡的主要原因。     

热缺血供体同种异体犬肺移植术后早期肺功能的观察

目的　观察犬热缺血供体同种异体肺移植术后早期移植肺功能情况。方法　采用室温下热缺血 3 0min、LPD液灌注后 4℃保存 2 5h时的供肺 ,行右肺同种异体移植手术 7例 ,术前及监测恢复灌注 0 5 ,1,2及 4h的动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 )、肺动态顺应性 (Cdyn)、平均肺动脉压 (mPAP)、肺毛细血管楔压 (PCWP)和心输出量的变化 (CO)。结果　所有受体犬在观察期间均存活。恢复灌注 4h内的肺功能各指标变化差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,或者虽然有统计学差异 ,但仍有较好的绝对水平。结论　热缺血 3 0min低温保存 2 5h的供肺可以维持生命 ,恢复灌注后 ,受缺血再灌注损伤的影响 ,在灌注后一段时间内 ,供肺功能下降 ,但仍可较好支持生命。     

21例麻醉期间急性肺水肿的诊治分析

目的探讨麻醉期间急性肺水肿发生的原因和诊治措施.方法总结我科近年来21例不同病种病人麻醉手术期间急性肺水肿的临床资料,并对其发生原因以及诊治措施进行分析.结果所有病人均出现心率增快、脉搏氧饱和度下降,双肺听诊满布湿罗音和哮鸣音.气管插管全麻病人气道阻力明显增加,8例病人有粉红色泡沫痰从气管导管溢出.非气管插管全麻病人均出现烦躁和呼吸困难,经抢救插管后4例病人可见粉红色泡沫痰从气管导管溢出.部分病人出现代谢性酸中毒和低氧血症.结论麻醉手术期间急性肺水肿发生突然,病情变化快,快速正确的诊断和有针对性的治疗措施是挽救病人生命的关键.     

电视胸腔镜下行肺大泡手术的麻醉管理

目的探讨电视胸腔镜下肺大泡手术的麻醉管理方法。方法总结和分析10例择期电视胸腔镜下肺大泡手术的麻醉、监测和单肺通气管理的情况。结果本组病例全部采用静吸复合全麻,麻醉平稳,双腔气管导管插管顺利,左右肺分隔满意。麻醉期间血流动力指标稳定。手术时间100~240min〔平均(162±46)min〕,单肺通气时间60~200min〔平均(102±42)min〕,超过2h有3例,超过3h者1例。单肺通气期间绝大多数患者SpO2维持在98%~100%。术毕均顺利苏醒拔管,无苏醒延迟、复张性肺水肿及其他麻醉并发症。结论电视胸腔镜下肺大泡手术的麻醉管理应着重强调麻醉平稳、防治张力性气胸、正确定位双腔气管导管、加强单肺通气的呼吸管理和防治低氧血症。     

肺保存条件研究进展

肺保存技术已取得了很大的进步,但目前临床应用的肺保存技术所能提供的安全缺血时限仅为4～6h,且易于受到植入后再灌注损伤,导致移植后早期出现严重的移植肺功能不全[1].因此,为了延长供肺安全缺血时限,提高肺保存质量,许多学者对理想的肺保存条件进行了大量研究,包括肺保存温度、肺血管灌洗方式、膨肺气体氧浓度、膨肺压力、肺保存液以及保存液中加入药物等,现综述如下.     

喉罩拔出时机的研究与进展

喉罩是介于面罩和气管导管之间的声门上通气装置.与气管导管相比,喉罩拔出对血流动力学影响小,患者麻醉苏醒过程平稳[1].在麻醉苏醒期内拔出喉罩时机的选择非常重要.在深麻醉状态下拔出喉罩易出现通气障碍等气道不良反应相关并发症[2];而清醒状态下拔出易致呛咳、口腔黏膜、咽喉和牙齿等损伤,直接影响手术效果.关于喉罩拔出时机的选择,许多学者通过观察研究,提出了许多新的观点.本文就喉罩拔出时机的研究与新进展进行综述.     

缺血后处理对犬肺移植术后早期炎症反应的影响

【目的】 观察供体犬肺再灌注后早期炎症因子及脂质过氧化反应的变化情况,了解缺血后处理对供体犬肺植入后功能的影响。【方法】 12对比格犬,随机分成两组,对照组:6对犬,进行供受体左侧异体单肺移植,不予缺血后处理的干预,按常规方式进行;缺血后处理组:6对犬,进行供受体左侧异体单肺移植,常规方式获取的供体犬肺植入后,再灌注早期实施3个周期的10 s再灌和10 s再阻断,总时程1 min的缺血后处理?于供体犬肺再灌注后1 h和2 h时间点采集供肺标本,采用考马斯亮兰法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性?丙二醛(MDA)的含量;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测供体犬肺植入后1、2 h时间点受体左房混合静脉血IL-8水平的变化;关于光镜下观察供体犬肺植入后1、2 h时间点肺组织的病理变化?采用重复测量资料的方差分析进行检验。【结果】 手术无1例失败,均存活。供体肺脏植入时间平均(35.9 ± 1.7) min。缺血后处理组在1 h、2 h时间点的供体肺组织SOD活性水平较对照组升高(P < 0.001);而供体肺组织MDA含量较对照组减低(P < 0.001)。缺血后处理组的左房混合静脉血的血浆IL-8水平在1、2 h时间点均较对照组的明显减少(P < 0.05)。缺血后处理组肺组织光镜下观察在各时间点的炎症反应均较对照组的变化轻微。【结论】 缺血后处理可能通过减少供体肺组织再灌注后细胞因子IL-8的分泌,从而减轻缺血再灌注后的炎症反应性损伤,达到改善供体犬肺的植入后的功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.