全自动低氧高二氧化碳饲养舱的研制与临床应用

介绍一种全自动缺氧和高二氧化碳饲料舱。该舱可模拟常压下的低氧、高二氧化碳环境,自动测控舱内氧气浓度、二氧化碳浓度、温度与湿度,为临床研究慢性肺源性心脏病的机理提供设备支持。临床应用表明其测控准确、实用可靠。     

常低压低氧高二氧化碳动物实验舱的实验研究

目的探讨常低压低氧高二氧化碳实验动物舱复制动物模型的可行性。方法选择雄性SPF级SD大鼠60只进行分组研究,20只做常压低氧组对照实验,40只做低压低氧组对照实验。对每组研究利用多功能生理检测仪测量大鼠的肺动脉压和颈动脉压指标．并观察肺血管结构的变化。结果常低压低氧高二氧化碳环境可以促进肺动脉高压的形成．加速肺血管重构改变,促右室肥厚。结论临床应用表明．该舱测控准确、安全可靠、重复性好;能成功复制常低压低氧高二氧化碳环境下的肺动脉高压模型,为研究各种因缺氧而导致的各种循环与呼吸系统疾病的生理机理提供了一种实验技术平台。     

密闭／半密闭舱室二氧化碳清除技术应用进展

针对密闭／半密闭舱室二氧化碳清除技术的应用现状,总结分析了各种二氧化碳清除技术的研究进展。对各种清除剂的不同参数进行了比较性评价,如耗能、装置体积、二次污染、吸收效果等。指出研制更高效节能的二氧化碳清除技术对潜艇、深潜器、载人飞船等领域的进一步发展具有重要的科学和军事意义。     

谈YYM-1型颅脑降温治疗仪的正确使用与维修

YYM-1颅脑降温治疗仪采用先进的半导体制冷技术、微电脑控制、大屏幕显示、专用温度测控集成芯片、先进的降噪技术,是一种恒温控制精度高,体积小无污染、操作简便、性能可靠的颅脑降温抢救治疗设备。经我院临床使用观察,该设备可有效降低颅内压,抢救脑外伤、脑溢血、脑梗塞、中     

基于单片机的输液监控系统设计

研制一种智能输液速度测控系统,以解决临床静脉输液方式之不便,提高输液安全性和效率。利用光电技术和调制解调技术实现对静脉输液液滴信号的可靠检测;利用单片机技术实现输液量计数、显示与监控。     

智能型太阳能热水器水位水温测控装置的研制

一种基于单片机的智能型太阳能热水器水位、水温测控装置。用干簧管切换接点将分级水位信号转换成电压，实现水位信号的二线制传输，水温采用PN结传感器，配以精密V／F变换器将温度变换成频率与温度成正比的电脉冲信号，而不采用价格高、电路复杂的A／D变换器。此装置也可广泛应用于各种大型精密医疗设备的断水保护和水冷保护系统中。实践证明，整个装置抗干扰能力强，可靠性高，成本低，有很高的推广应用价值。     

医用二氧化碳激光器常见故障的预防及排除

医用二氧化碳激光器是一种广泛应用于各级各类医院临床治疗用的医用激光治疗仪器。主要用于汽化、烧灼治疗各种皮肤疾病，此类仪器常见故障有以下二种。     

常压低氧高二氧化碳清洁级动物饲养舱的研制

目的：研制在清洁级条件下符合复制低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压和右心室胀大动物模型的清洁级动物饲养舱。方法：采用隔离密封的结构和电气控制技术，建立起均匀混合各种气体浓度的动物饲养舱。结果：通过电气控制舱内氧与二氧化碳浓度，使舱内饲养的动物出现明显的肺动脉高压与右心室胀大，光镜与电镜下出现符合低氧性肺动脉高压的病理改变。结论：该饲养舱适合用清洁级动物复制慢性低氧(高二氧化碳)性肺动脉高压的动物模型。     

美国Forma二氧化碳培养箱故障检修一例

我院一台美国forma的二氧化碳培养箱,多年来用于中心实验室培养厌氧菌。其特点是工作效率高、应用方便、灵敏度高、自动化程度高等。其工作原理是:用微电脑控制培养箱的温度和二氧化碳的浓度。1故障现象今年3月份突然出现报警现象,检查培养箱温度指示和二氧化碳浓度指示,温度指示正常,而二氧化碳浓度的指示值低于所设定的浓度值。二氧化碳气体的输入仍在进行,打开箱门发现培养基中的液体和箱底的水都呈黄色。2分析与检修培养箱如要正常工作,首先要看培养箱中的温度和二氧化碳的浓度是否正常,这样才能放入厌氧菌进行正常培养。二氧化碳气体的…     

非接触式测控温的痛觉诱发装置

本文设计了一种非接触测控生物体表皮温度的痛觉诱发装置,该装置采用了测控温分立的思想方法,达到了比较满意的效果,适于生理实验室应用。     

低氧高二氧化碳动物饲养仓的研制

尊文阐述了建立实验动物模型的低氧高二氧化碳动物饲养仓的方法。     

冬季长途航运客轮卫生状况调查

本文对冬季长途航运客轮的卫生状况进行了调查。结果表明,客轮舱室内空气污染严重,细菌总数、CO_2超标率分别为23.64％、18.63％。舱室档次越低,CO、CO_2污染越严重,有乘客吸烟的舱室CO、CO_2浓度明显高于无乘客吸烟的舱室。CO_2浓度舱内>过道>甲板。乘客安静状态下(0～7时)舱内CO_2浓度最高,而CO浓度较低。舱室内温度按等级依次为五等>四等>三等>二等。     

密闭舱室微环境缺氧动物实验及调控系统设计

根据标准大气压下密闭舱室中常氧和缺氧时狗的部分生理指标检测,初步判断出氧浓度对狗循环系统与呼吸系统机能的重要影响,进而确定微环境调控系统对改善装甲车辆、舰艇、飞机等驾乘舱(相对密闭舱室)内人员生理功能的重要意义。设计了密闭舱室条件下的微环境调控系统,主要以89C51单片机、氧及二氧化碳浓度传感变送器为核心,功能包括氧气、二氧化碳浓度的自动实时监测与反馈控制调节。     

急性二氧化碳中毒大鼠不同氧疗效果评价

目的 研究急性二氧化碳中毒大鼠应用不同氧疗的效果,以筛选急性二氧化碳中毒现场最佳氧疗技术.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、二氧化碳染毒组、高压氧治疗组(压力为2 ATA、氧浓度100%)、高浓度常压吸氧治疗组(氧浓度50%)、低浓度常压吸氧治疗组(氧浓度33%).以二氧化碳吸入制作急性二氧化碳中毒大鼠模型,给予不同方式氧疗后,检测各组大鼠动脉血pH、氧分压(PO2)和二氧化碳分压(PCO2),取肺组织和脑组织,观察病理变化.结果 二氧化碳染毒组动脉血pH(7.31±0.06)和PO2[(68.50±15.02)mm Hg]比正常对照组[pH(7.42±0.02)和PO2(92.83±8.27)mm Hg]低,PCO2[(71.66±12.10)mm Hg]比正常对照组[(48.25±2.59)mm Hg]高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高压氧治疗组、高浓度常压吸氧治疗组、低浓度常压吸氧治疗组动脉血pH(分别为7.37±0.02、7.39±0.03、7.38±0.02)和PO2[分别为(82.25±12.98)、(84.75±11.24)、(83.75±16.77)mm Hg]比二氧化碳染毒组高,PCO2[分别为(52.25±4.95)、(51.75± 4.82)、(52.66±5.61)mm Hg]比二氧化碳染毒组低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各氧疗组动脉血pH、PO2和PCO2与正常对照组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);各氧疗组之间动脉血pH、PO2和PCO2的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病理大体解剖可见,二氧化碳染毒组大鼠肺脏可见大面积点、片状淤血,高浓度和低浓度常压吸氧治疗组的大鼠肺脏淤血情况较染毒组有所减轻,高压氧治疗组大鼠肺脏外观未见明显异常.光学显微镜下可见,二氧化碳染毒组大鼠肺组织出现弥漫性出血和渗出,高浓度和低浓度常压吸氧治疗组大鼠的肺组织出血和渗出情况较染毒组有所减轻,高压氧治疗组大鼠肺组织仅有轻微的出血和渗出.各组动物脑组织大体解剖和光学显微镜下所见没有区别,均未见明显出血、水肿、细胞变性和坏死.结论 急性二氧化碳中毒大鼠给予高压氧治疗后肺脏病理改变明显好于高浓度和低浓度常压吸氧治疗组,高浓度和低浓度常压吸氧治疗组治疗效果无明显差异,但血气分析结果和肺脏病理较染毒组有所好转,建议有条件的医疗单位可以尽早给予高压氧治疗,在无高压氧治疗设施的情况下,早期吸氧也是应急救治的良好措施.

Abstract：

Objective To study therapeutic effects by using different oxygen therapies in rats with acute carbon dioxide poisoning, to select the best oxygen therapy technology for patients with acute carbon dioxide poisoning on the spot. Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal control group, carbon dioxide exposure group, hyperbaric oxygen treatment group (pressure 2 ATA,FiO2100% ),high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group (FiO250%),low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group(FiO233%). After treated with different oxygen in rats with acute carbon dioxide poisoning, arterial pH, PO2 and PCO2 of rats were detected, in addition observe pathological changes of lung tissue and brain tissue. Results The arterial pH (7.31±0.06) and PO2 [(68.50±15.02)mm Hg] of carbon dioxide exposure group were lower than those of control group [pH (7.42±0.02) and PO2(92.83±8.27)mm Hg],PCO2[(71.66±12.10)mm Hg] was higher than that of control group[(48.25±2.59)mm Hg](P＜0.05);the arterial pH (hyperbaric oxygen treatment group 7.37 ±0.02, high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group 7.39±0.03, low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group 7.38±0.02) and PO2 of oxygen treatment groups [hyperbaric oxygen treatment group, high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group, low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group were (82.25±12.98), (84.75±11.24),(83.75 ±16.77)mm Hg, respectively] were higher than that of carbon dioxide exposure group,PCO2 [hyperbaric oxygen treatment group, high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group, low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group were ( 52.25±4.95 ), ( 51.75 ±4.82 ), ( 52.66±5.61 ) mm Hg,respectively] was lower than that of carbon dioxide exposure group (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference of the arterial pH, PO2 and PCO2 between oxygen treatment groups and control group (P＞0.05);there was no significant difference of the arterial pH, PO2 and PCO2 among oxygen treatment groups (P＞0.05). There was large area of bleeding of lungs in rats with carbon dioxide poisoning,the bleeding of lungs in rats with high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment and low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment was better than the rats with carbon dioxide poisoning,there was no abnormal appearance of lungs in rats with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The light microscope observation showed that there were diffuse bleeding and exudation of lungs in rats with carbon dioxide poisoning, the bleeding and exudation of lungs in rats with high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment and low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment were better than the rats with carbon dioxide poisoning, there were only minor bleeding and exudation of lungs in rats with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. There was no difference of brain in anatomy and microscopy among all groups, there were no significant bleeding, edema, cell degeneration and necrosis.Conclusions Lung pathology in acute carbon dioxide poisoning rats with hyperbaric oxygen treatment is better than the rats with high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment and low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment, there is no significant difference of effect between high concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group and low concentration of atmospheric oxygen treatment group,however,the results of blood gas analysis and lung pathology than the exposure group improved, so qualified medical unit for hyperbaric oxygen therapy as soon as possible, hyperbaric oxygen treatment facilities in the absence of circumstances,the emergency treatment of early oxygen is also a good measure.     

研制四肢治疗箱

目前,在临床上对受伤的四肢除进行手术和药物治疗外,还经常使用高压氧舱等方法作为辅助治疗的手段。利用高压氧舱治疗的效果又是单人舱优于多人舱,其原因主要是单人舱属纯氧形成高压。但高压氧舱投入大、使用成本高,并受多种因素的限制。四肢治疗箱就是为了克服使用高压氧舱的不足之处,达到单人氧舱治疗的效果。并且投入小、使用成本低,又能有杀死厌氧菌等治疗目的,促进伤愈。四肢治疗箱构成:在透明的箱体上方设有进氧控制阀、安全阀、压力表;下方设有排气阀;侧面设有一供肢体进出箱体的孔,孔上并装置具有弹性、粘连性的密封圈套。已获国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL200420067652.9)。     

氧气雾化吸入与超声雾化吸入在肺炎患者中的临床应用观察

目的:探索氧气雾化吸入与超声雾化吸入治疗肺炎患者的临床症状指标。方法:本次研究选取2016年4月~2018年5月在本院治疗肺炎的87例患者。肺炎患者被归类为氧气雾化吸入治疗组(实验组):44例患者采用氧气雾化吸入方案治疗;超声雾化吸入治疗组(对照组):43例患者采取超声雾化吸入方案治疗。比较两组患者的临床症状指标:动脉氧分压(PaO_2)、动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、患者的肺功能(FEV_1)情况。结果:经过治疗发现氧气雾化吸入方案患者的PaO_2、PaCO_2、FEV_1等指标对比超声雾化吸入方案具有明显优势,P<0.05。结论:采用氧气雾化吸入方案治疗患者的效果确切,对比动脉氧分压、动脉二氧化碳分压及患者的肺功能指标等方面有明显的优势,关于治疗后的长期效果该研究未进行深入与进一步探讨,存在一些不足,在此处有待改进。     

Trends in cabin air quality of commercial aircraft: industry and passenger perspectives

The small air space available per person in a fully occupied aircraft passenger cabin accentuates the human bioeffluent factor in the maintenance of air quality. The accumulation of carbon dioxide and other contributions to poor air quality that can occur with inadequate ventilation, even under normal circumstances, is related to the volume of available air space per person and various ventilation rates. This information is compared with established air quality guidelines to make specific recommendations with reference to aircraft passenger cabins under both normal and abnormal operating conditions. The effects of respiration on the air quality of any enclosed space from the respiration of a resting adult are estimated using standard equations. Results are given for different volumes of space per person, for zero air exchange, and for various air change rates. The required ventilation rates estimated in this way compared closely with results calculated using a standard empirical formula. The results confirm that the outside air ventilation required to achieve a target carbon dioxide concentration in the air of an occupied enclosed space remains the same regardless of the volume of that space. The outside air ventilation capability of older and more recent aircraft is then reviewed and compared with the actual measurements of cabin air quality for these periods. The correlation between calculated and measured aircraft cabin carbon dioxide concentrations from other studies was very good. Respiratory benefits and costs of returning to the 30% higher outside air ventilation rates and 8% higher cabin pressures of the 1960s and 1970s are outlined. Consideration is given to the occasional occurrence of certain types of aircraft malfunction that can introduce more serious contaminants to the aircraft cabin. Recommendations and suggestions for aircraft builders and operators are made that will help improve aircraft cabin air quality and the partial pressure of oxygen that is available to passengers at minimal cost. Also suggested are some measures that passengers can take to help improve their comfort and decrease their risk of illness, particularly on long-haul flights.