Use of SPARK to Promote After-School Physical Activity

BACKGROUND: The after-school period is potentially an important venue for increasing physical activity for youth. We sought to assess the effectiveness of the Sports, Play, and Recreation for Youth (SPARK) program to increase physical activity and improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight status among elementary students after school. METHODS: This quasi-experimental controlled study compared change in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI) z-score, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO(2) ) over 5 months between students in after-school programs exposed to SPARK versus controls. Participants were fifth grade students at 3 intervention schools (N = 48) and 3 control schools (N = 52). RESULTS: There was no difference between groups in mean change in MVPA, BMI z-score, or cardiorespiratory fitness. After-school time dedicated to physical activity did not increase with the implementation of SPARK. Intervention students' self-assessment of their activity levels relative to their peers significantly increased compared to control students (p = .011). CONCLUSIONS: In this 5-month study, the SPARK program did not increase MVPA in the after-school setting. Increasing the amount of time dedicated to physical activity may be as important as the curriculum used to effectively increase physical activity after school.     

Effect of a low-cost, teacher-directed classroom intervention on elementary students' physical activity

BACKGROUND: Effective physical activity (PA) interventions are warranted for youth, and schools have been identified as logical locations for such involvement. Experts and professionals in the field promote comprehensive school PA programs, including classroom PA. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a low‐cost, teacher‐directed classroom‐based intervention on the school PA of elementary children. METHODS: Nine classroom teachers were provided inexpensive curricula and trained to implement and instruct PA breaks (2 × 30 minute training sessions). The teachers were encouraged to lead 1 activity break per day after the training. One hundred and six elementary students wore pedometers up to 12 days over 3 monitoring periods during the school year (baseline, follow‐up, post follow‐up) to assess the effectiveness and the sustainability of the intervention. The teachers self‐reported the frequency of activity breaks instructed. RESULTS: The teachers (n = 5) who complied with the recommended 1 activity break per day had students who accrued ～33% more mean school steps/day at follow‐up (～1100) and post follow‐up (～1350) compared to controls. Teachers (n = 4) in the intervention who did not comply with the 1 activity break per day recommendation had students accrue similar mean school steps/day as controls. CONCLUSION: Inexpensive, teacher‐directed classroom‐based PA interventions can be effective in improving children's PA levels if teachers implement 1 activity break per school day. We recommend promoting the notion of 1 activity break per day in the classroom as part of a comprehensive school PA program that includes quality physical education, recess, and before/after school programs.     

Physical activity levels of overweight and nonoverweight high school students during physical education classes

Background:  This study examined physical activity (PA) levels of overweight and nonoverweight African American and Caucasian students (n = 198) during game play in physical education classes.
Methods:  Body fat percentages (%BFs) were determined using the skinfold technique and Slaughter et al prediction equations. Girls were classified as overweight if their %BF was ≥32; boys were classified as overweight if their %BF was ≥25. PA was monitored using pedometers during flag football, ultimate Frisbee, and soccer game play. Three 2 (weight classification) × 2 (gender) × 2 (race) factorial analyses of variance were conducted.
Results:  Results indicated no significant difference in steps per minute between overweight and nonoverweight students regardless of game. Males were more active than females, and Caucasians were more active than African Americans.
Conclusions:  The most important implication of the current study is that the overweight and nonoverweight students accumulated similar amounts of PA during physical education. This emphasizes the importance physical education plays in providing both overweight and nonoverweight students with opportunities for PA. For many students, it may be their only source of regular PA.     

Promoting physical activity and a healthful diet among children: results of a school-based intervention study.

BACKGROUND: National health objectives call for improved diet and more regular physical activity among children. We tested the effects of a school-based program to improve students' diet and physical activity behavior at school. METHODS: Two of the four elementary schools in one Texas school district were assigned to intervention and two to control conditions. The three intervention components were classroom health education, vigorous physical education, and lower fat, lower sodium school lunches. Nutrients from school lunches and the total day and the amount of physical activity students obtained during physical education were assessed as outcome. RESULTS: Analysis of school lunches showed declines from base line to posttest in the two intervention schools of 15.5% and 10.4% for total fat, 31.7% and 18.8% for saturated fat, and 40.2% and 53.6% for sodium; posttest values were lower in the intervention schools. Observation of physical activity during physical education classes indicated an increase in the intervention schools from baseline to posttest in the percent of time children engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from less than 10% of class time at baseline to about 40% of class time at posttest; posttest values were higher in the intervention schools than in the control schools. CONCLUSIONS: This efficacy study demonstrates the feasibility of substantially modifying school lunches and school physical education to improve children's diet and physical activity behavior at school.     

Effect of nutrition education and traditional game-based physical activity interventions,on lipid profile improvement in overweight and obese children in West Java Indonesia

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESOne ongoing effort to curtail dyslipidemia in school children is through lifestyle intervention. This study analyzes outcomes of the intervention of nutrition education and Javanese traditional game-based physical activity, on lipid profiles of overweight and obese children.SUBJECTS/METHODSThe experimental study consisted of three steps: data collection (October to December 2016), intervention processes (January to March 2017), and final report preparation (April to May 2017). This was a split-plot block study, enrolling a total of 72 subjects. Traditional game intervention (12 meetings) and nutrition education (9 meetings) was carried out within 3 months with material related to obesity.RESULTSOur results showed no decrease in the levels of total cholesterol in the group receiving nutrition education (rise by 1.56 mg/dL), but when compared to subjects without intervention, total cholesterol levels experienced was increased. The group which did not receive physical activity showed increase in the total cholesterol, whereas the traditional game intervention group showed a decrease of 0.05 mg/dL total cholesterol at the end of the intervention. Nutrition education and physical activity interventions did not influence any reduction in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but rather showed a tendency to increase at the end of the intervention. However, the increase in LDL-c levels in the traditional game group was lower than in other intervention groups. Duncan''s test indicated that the effect of nutrition education and physical activity interventions did not differ from the cut-off values of LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.CONCLUSIONSTotal cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the traditional game group tended to decrease at the end of the intervention, but the results did not differ much from other intervention groups. We deduce that nutrition education and traditional game-based physical activity interventions are not capable of improving blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese children within 3 months. It is necessary to increase the time of physical activity intervention to maintain the lipid profile in another study.     

保山市小学生碘缺乏病健康教育干预成效分析

目的:了解2008-2011年保山市小学生对碘缺乏病防治知识的认知情况,进而在该人群中评估碘缺乏病健康教育的干预成效。方法:按照年度《地方病防治项目技术方案》任务安排,结合我市地方病防治工作实际,每年在各县开展大众传播和人际传播健康教育活动。选择3个项目乡,在各项目乡中心小学校随机抽取4-6年级的班级开展健康教育活动;采用国家标准问卷分别于干预前、后对学生进行知晓率调查。结果:2008-2011年间,各年小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率均较当年干预前有所提高,且通过干预小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率均达到国家标准(>80%),累计四年来全市小学生碘缺乏病知识知晓率由85.26%提高到97.37%,提高了12.11个百分点;知晓率趋势分析显示总体呈上升趋势。结论:保山市开展重点人群碘缺乏病健康教育干预项目以来小学生知识知晓率较2008年均有所上升,且通过健康干预后均超过90%,小学生碘缺乏病健康教育状况较好。     

Community-Wide Youth Exercise Promotion: Long-Term Outcomes of the Minnesota Heart Health Program and the Class of 1989 Study

ABSTRACT: The Class of 1989 Study, part of the Minnesota Heart Health Program (MHHP), involved a population-wide research and demonstration project to reduce cardiovascular disease in three intervention communities in the North-Central United States (1980–1993). Beginning in sixth grade (1983), seven annual waves of measurements were taken from students in one of the MHHP intervention communities and its matched pair (baseline N = 2,376). Self-reported data were collected at each time period describing a variety of health-related behavior, including hours of exercise engaged in per week and duration and intensity of regular physical activity. Using school as the unit of analysis, physical activity levels throughout most of the follow-up period were significantly higher in the intervention community for females. Males' average values were higher in the intervention community, but were largely statistically insignificant. Results suggest multiple intervention components such as behavioral education in schools and complementary community-wide strategies can produce lasting improvement in adolescent physical activity, particularly with female students.     

乌鲁木齐市高中生睡眠时间与体力活动状况的相关性研究

目的 了解乌鲁木齐市高中学生睡眠及体力活动状况,并分析两者之间存在的关系,为有效提高乌鲁木齐市高中学生体力活动水平提供支持.方法 2018年10-12月采用自行编制的乌鲁木齐市中学生健康及体力活动调查问卷对5 424名高中学生的睡眠状况及体力活动的状况进行调查,分析两者之间的关系.结果 乌鲁木齐市高中学生睡眠不足的学生...     

Effects of "10,000 steps Ghent": a whole-community intervention

BACKGROUND: Currently there is a great deal of interest in multistrategy community-based approaches to changing physical activity or health behaviors. The aim of this article is to describe the effectiveness of the physical activity promotion project "10,000 Steps Ghent" after 1 year of intervention. METHODS: A multistrategy community-based intervention was implemented in 2005 with follow-up measurements in 2006 to promote physical activity to adults. A local media campaign, environmental approaches, the sale and loan of pedometers, and several local physical activity projects were concurrently implemented. In 2005, 872 randomly selected subjects (aged 25 to 75), from the intervention community Ghent and 810 from a comparison community, participated in the baseline measurements. Of these, 660 intervention subjects and 634 comparison subjects completed the follow-up measurements in 2006. Statistical analyses were performed in 2006. RESULTS: After one year there was an increase of 8% in the number of people reaching the "10,000 steps" standard in Ghent, compared with no increase in the comparison community. Average daily steps increased by 896 (95% CI=599-1192) in the intervention community, but there was no increase in the comparison community (mean change -135 [95% CI= -432 to 162]) (F time x community=22.8, p<0.001). Results are supported by self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) data. CONCLUSIONS: The "10,000 steps/day" message reached the Ghent population and the project succeeded in increasing pedometer-determined physical activity levels in Ghent, after 1 year of intervention.     

Get Fit With the Grizzlies: A Community-School-Home Initiative to Fight Childhood Obesity

BACKGROUND: Professional sport organizations in the United States have notable celebrity status, and several teams have used this “star power” to collaborate with local school districts toward the goal of affecting children's health. Program effectiveness is unknown due to the absence of comprehensive evaluations for these initiatives. The Memphis Grizzlies, the city's National Basketball Association franchise, launched “Get Fit with the Grizzlies,” a 6-week, curricular addition focusing on nutrition and physical activity for the fourth and fifth grades in Memphis City Schools (MCS). The health-infused mini-unit was delivered by physical education teachers during their classes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the “Get Fit” program effectiveness. METHODS: Survey research was employed which measured health knowledge acquisition and health behavior change using a matched pre/posttest design in randomly chosen schools (n = 11) from all elementary schools in the MCS system (N = 110). The total number of matched pre/posttests (n = 888) equaled approximately 5% of the total fourth-/fifth-grade population. McNemar's test for significance (p < .05) was applied. Odds ratios were calculated for each question. RESULTS: Analyses confirmed that there was significant health knowledge acquisition (7 of 8 questions) with odds ratios confirming moderate to strong associations. Seven out of 10 health behavior change questions significantly improved after intervention, whereas odds ratios indicated a low level of association after intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This community-school-home initiative using a professional team's celebrity platform within a certain locale is largely overlooked by school districts and should be considered as a positive strategy to confront childhood obesity.     

Effect of a school-based educational intervention on HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and willingness to be vaccinated among Chinese adolescents : a multi-center intervention follow-up study

BackgroundMiddle school students are recommended as the primary target population for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. This study aimed to assess HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, and to evaluate the effect of a school-based educational intervention, immediately and one year later, on HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability among adolescents in mainland China.MethodsA school-based interventional follow-up study was conducted in seven representative cities in mainland China from May 2015 to May 2017. “Train-the-trainer” strategy was employed to educate school teachers in this study. Students aged 13 to 14 years old were assigned to intervention classes and control classes. All students were required to complete the baseline questionnaire. Students in the intervention classes were given a 45-minute lecture regarding HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and were then asked to complete a post-education questionnaire. One year later, all students were asked to complete the post-education questionnaire again.ResultsBaseline HPV knowledge was low among Chinese adolescents, with only 12.6% and 15.7% of students having heard of HPV and HPV vaccines, respectively. After the intervention, the level of HPV-related knowledge increased immediately, and students with higher knowledge levels of HPV and HPV vaccines were more willing to get vaccinated. One year after the intervention, the knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccines was dramatically diminished. However, knowledge was significantly higher in intervention classes compared to control classes.ConclusionsKnowledge and awareness of HPV and vaccination are generally deficient among Chinese adolescents. School-based health education was very effective in improving awareness and positive attitudes about HPV and HPV vaccines within a short time. Integrating health education on HPV into the existing school-based sexual health curriculum could be an effective way to increase HPV vaccination coverage and help to eliminate preventable HPV-associated cancers in China.     

Can young children make active choices? Outcomes of a feasibility trial in seven‐year‐old children

This project evaluated the feasibility of a child‐centred 24‐week physical activity intervention. The Play5 strategy encourages children to choose to play vigorously five times a day for about as long as school recess. The seven‐year‐old children were randomised to control (n = 176) or intervention groups (n = 132). Data were collected at baseline and post‐intervention. Programme evaluation included parent questionnaire, teacher records and a seven‐day pedometer record with a sub‐sample of children. The programme was successful in increasing vigorous activity (p = 0.04), but did not impact on moderate or sedentary activities. Young children were able to choose to be active without parent or teacher direction.     

2003～2006年哈尔滨市中学生性教育效果评价

目的:了解2003~2006年哈尔滨市中学生性健康教育效果,为进一步开展青春期性健康教育提供科学依据。方法:在性教育施行前后,采用自拟调查表对分层整群抽得的哈尔滨市1 583名(2003年)和1 577名(2006年)中学生进行了的问卷调查。结果:干预组的性知识平均分数(45.7分)较基线组(38.3分)高(P0.05)。中学生性知识第一来源为社会媒体。相比基线组而言,干预组学生更倾向于赞成(27.0%vs 16.9%,P0.01)并参与到恋爱(26.6%vs17.0%,P0.01)行为之中,但对婚前性行为持肯定态度的学生,干预组(13.4%)比例低于基线组(21.0%),P0.01。74.5%的学生愿意学习性知识。干预组(66.6%)较基线组(55.4%)学生更多地对性教育表示满意(P0.01)。干预组较基线组学生更倾向于认为性教育应在早期进行。结论:应促进学校、家庭和社会三方面有机结合,不断完善以性道德教育为基础的正规性教育。     

A kindergarten cardiovascular risk surveillance study: CARDIAC-Kinder

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an intervention aimed at increasing family physical activity and parent education about diet and activity for kindergarten students and issues related to their children's BMI. METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial design was used to assess intervention impact in parental report of child diet and physical activity, and step logs over a 4-week period. RESULTS: Participants in the intervention group reported that their children obtained more steps by the end of the program period, were more active, and had consumed fewer sweets than the comparison group. CONCLUSION: The proposed intervention for parents and their young children does produce awareness and behavior change.     

医学生健康危害行为的潜在类别及其与抑郁症状的关联

  目的  识别医学生多种健康危害行为的潜在类别,并进一步分析不同潜类别与抑郁症状的关联。  方法  采用方便抽样的原则,于2018年10月在安徽医科大学整群抽取2 014名医学生开展横断面调查。使用自编手机问卷,调查内容包括一般人口学资料、健康危害行为评价以及抑郁症状。采用潜在类别分析方法分析吸烟、饮酒、自杀、睡眠障碍、手机依赖、缺乏运动等6种健康危害行为潜在类别,采用Logistic回归方法进一步分析不同类别与抑郁症状的关联。  结果  医学生健康危害行为分为物质依赖组(8.4%)、手机依赖组(22.4%)和低危风险组(69.2%)3个潜在类别。不同性别、专业、年级、是否为独生子女、父亲文化程度、每月生活费、学习成绩及朋友个数之间医学生健康危害行为分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为99.37,19.07,12.05,6.64,14.28,19.35,20.61,26.39,P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整性别、专业、年级、独生子女及父亲文化程度、每月生活费、学习成绩以及朋友个数后,手机依赖组与抑郁症状呈正相关(β=1.75,P < 0.01)。  结论  医学生健康危害行为呈现类别分布,各潜类别健康危害行为与抑郁症状关联不同。提示学校卫生工作者在今后的教育活动中应针对医学生不同类别的健康危害行为制定个体化干预方案,进行分层干预,缓解抑郁症状,促进学生心理健康。     

The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports,Play and Active Recreation for Kids.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated a health-related physical education program for fourth- and fifth-grade students designed to increase physical activity during physical education classes and outside of school. METHODS: Seven schools were assigned to three conditions in a quasi-experimental design. Health-related physical education was taught by physical education specialists or trained classroom teachers. Students from these classes were compared with those in control classes. Analyses were conducted on 955 students with complete data. RESULTS: Students spent more minutes per week being physically active in specialist-led (40 min) and teacher-led (33 min) physical education classes than in control classes (18 min; P < .001). After 2 years, girls in the specialist-led condition were superior to girls in the control condition on abdominal strength and endurance (P < .001) and cardiorespiratory endurance (P < .001). There were no effects on physical activity outside of school. CONCLUSIONS: A health-related physical education curriculum can provide students with substantially more physical activity during physical education classes. Improved physical education classes can potentially benefit 97% of elementary school students.     

Assessment of the transtheoretical model as used by dietitians in promoting physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: The transtheoretical model of change (TTM) is an approach to behaviour change, which has been successful in increasing physical activity levels. This study examined the application of a TTM approach to increase physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes by a specialist dietitian. METHODS: Forty participants were recruited to either an exercise consultation interview (ECI) or a control group. All participants received a physical activity leaflet and those in the ECI group also received a one-to-one interview with a dietitian a week after their routine appointment. Both self-reported physical activity levels and stage of change were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty-four participants (17 in each group) completed the study. Both groups showed an increase in physical activity levels. However, there was a significant difference in change of physical activity levels in the ECI group alone [F(1,32)=15.99;P相似文献   

西安市某小学体育课学生身体活动水平

  目的  测量小学体育课身体活动水平以及不同性别、身体质量指数(BMI)和不同年级学生体育课身体活动特征,为小学体育课身体活动促进提供参考。  方法  用ActiGraphGT3X对西安市某高校附属小学一、二、四年级的60名学生在3节体育课上的身体活动进行测量,依据最新体质测试成绩中的身高、体重计算BMI,并根据《国家学生体质健康标准》小学不同年级的标准划分体重状态,采用独立样本t检验和方差分析探索身体活动差异。  结果  小学体育课中高强度身体活动(MVPA)比例为21.9%(8.8 min)。男、女生体育课MVPA时间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);正常体重学生体育课MVPA比例和步数分别为25.4%和(1 247.0±326.3)步,高于偏轻体重学生,但与超重学生差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);二年级男、女生体育课MVPA比例分别为27.0%和26.4%,均高于一年级,但与四年级相比差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。  结论  小学体育课中高强度身体活动比例较低。建议在小学体育教师培训中,重视提高教师的身体活动促进意识,切实提高小学体育课中高强度身体活动比例。     

Effect of a tailored physical activity intervention delivered in general practice settings: results of a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of a minimal intervention physical activity strategy (physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise [PACE]) applied in general practice settings in the Netherlands. METHODS: Randomization took place at the general practice level. Participants were patients aged 18-70 years of age who had been diagnosed with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes and had not been regularly physically active in the past 6 months. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 8-week, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups. RESULTS: No significant intervention effect over time was observed on physical activity level or stage of change for regular physical activity, and an inverse intervention effect was observed for waist circumference. However, the study population as a whole exhibited a significant increase in physical activity and a borderline significant decrease in body weight at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Positive effects on physical activity level and body weight were observed, but the PACE intervention was not more effective than the standard physical activity advice.