非心源性胸痛患者与酸反流的关系

目的探讨非心源性胸痛患者（NCCP）的临床特点，调查NCCP患者的生活质量状况，了解NCCP与酸反流的关系及质子泵抑制剂（PPI）试验对NCCP病因诊断的价值。方法详细记载87例NCCP患者症状并评分后，给予7d兰索拉唑治疗试验（兰索拉唑30mg口服，2次／d），并在PPI试验前后均进行问卷凋查，内容包括一般社会资料，症状评分表，简明健康状况调查表SF-36，焦虑量表（SAS），抑郁量表（SI）S），所得分数与健康对照组进行比较。结果①NCCP最常见的病因是胃食管反流病，典型反流症状发生率为34．5%。②87例NCCP患者中酸相关性NCCP为56．3％（49／87），非酸相关性NCCP为43．7％（38／87）。PPI试验敏感性为91％，特异性为81％。③NCCP患者的生活质量在8个健康概念上除情绪角色功能外均明显比健康人差（P〈0．01）。除躯体疼痛外，非酸相关性NCCP组在生理功能、生理职能、精神健康、总体健康、社会功能情感职能、活力6个维度，积分下降更为显著（P〈0．05）。④NCCP患者焦虑、抑郁的发生率明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01），平均焦虑、抑郁程度高于对照组（P〈0．01），非酸相关性NCCP组焦虑症和抑郁症的发生率明显高于酸相关性NCCP组（P〈0．05）。结论NCCP最常见的病因是酸相关性食管疾病，NCCP患者伴有不同程度的精神障碍，PPI试验是临床诊断酸相关性NCCP的简便而实用的方法。     

南京市浦口地区高血压人群抑郁和焦虑状况的病例对照研究

该文了解南京市浦口地区高血压患者的抑郁和焦虑状况。方法：采用病例对照研究，抽取35岁以上高血压患者326例，健康对照组414例；并使用Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评定调查对象抑郁和焦虑状况。结果：高血压病例组抑郁和焦虑自评量表的总积分及标准分均显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）。     

心理干预对支气管哮喘患者负性情绪及生存质量的影响

目的探讨心理干预对支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患者负性情绪及生存质量的影响。方法68例哮喘患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予心理干预措施,对照组给予常规治疗,比较治疗前后Zung氏自评抑郁量表（SDS）、Zung氏自评焦虑量表（SAS）评分及哮喘生存质量评估表（asthmaqualityoflifequestionnaire,AQLQ）评分,并作出科学评估。结果①治疗6个月后,治疗组治疗前后患者焦虑与抑郁值明显降低,与对照组治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②治疗6个月后,治疗组活动受限、哮喘症状、心理状况、对刺激源反应、对自身健康关心各维度的得分均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论心理干预能够改善哮喘患者负性情绪及生存质量。     

紧张性头痛患者的负性情绪调查

目的探讨紧张性头痛患者的焦虑抑郁症状。方法采用Zung氏焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）为调查工具,对80例紧张性头痛患者进行评定,并与对照组比较。结果焦虑阳性率病例组为83．75％,对照组为17．50N,两组比较有统计学意义（χ^2=70．24,P〈0．01）;抑郁阳性率病例组为73．75％,对照组为13．75%,两组比较有统计学意义（χ^2=58．51,P〈0．01）。结论紧张性头痛患者,多伴有焦虑抑郁障碍。     

心理干预对接受血液透析的尿毒症患者生命质量的影响

目的评价心理干预提高血液透析尿毒症患者生命质量的效果。方法选择接受血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者80例,随机分为干预组及对照组各40例。两组给予相同的血液透析治疗,干预组同时进行3个月的心理干预,干预前后分别采用MOSSF-36（SF-36）生命质量量表、Zung焦虑白评量表（SAS）和Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行测试。结果干预前两组SF-36量表各维度分值均有不同程度降低,SAS及SDS评分均有增高。干预组干预后SF-36量表中生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能、精神健康等维度及总体健康分值显著增高（P〈0．01）,对照组干预前后各维度分值无明显变化;干预组干预后SAS及SDS评分显著降低,与干预前及对照组干预后比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论接受血液透析的尿毒症患者普遍存在生命质量降低及不同程度的焦虑或抑郁状态,心理干预能显著减轻患者的焦虑及抑郁症状,提高其生命质量。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者精神健康状况的调查

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的心理健康状况。方法对129例老年人行多导睡眠图（PSG）检查，根据呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）将其分为对照组（AHI〈5）25例，轻中度OSAHS组（5≤AHI≤30）68例，重度OSAHS组（AHI〉30）36例。分别对其进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）测定，比较3组各指标的差异性。结果3组SCL-90总分有显著差异，随AHI加重而呈递增趋势（P〈0．01），在各因子中，躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、偏执和精神病性7个因子3组得分比较有显著差异，轻中度及重度OSAHS组均高于对照组（P〈0．01）。3组SDS评分与SAS评分比较，轻中度及重度OSAHS组均高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论老年OSAHS患者精神健康状态差，伴随着明显的焦虑、抑郁等不良心理问题。     

成年癫痫患者生活质量及影响因素分析

采用癫痫患者生活质量量表-31（QOLIE-31）和Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）对76例癫痫患者和68例正常对照组进行评价。结果显示，癫痫患者QOL指标得分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;伴有抑郁症状的癫痫患者对发作的担忧、情绪健康、精力疲乏和总体健康水平低于不伴有抑郁的癫痫患者（P〈20．05）。提示成年癫痫患者生活质量较正常人群显著降低，抑郁对其生活质量影响较大。     

心理社会因素在非糜烂性反流病发病中作用的研究

背景：心理社会因素在功能性胃肠病中起重要作用，但在非糜烂性反流病（NERD）中的作用尚不明确。目的：探讨心理社会因素在NERD发病中的作用。方法：对在消化专科门诊就诊的有烧心、胸骨后疼痛、反酸和反食等症状的病例，行胃镜和24h食管pH监测等检查。对NERD进行分组，并对病理性酸反流组（n=49）、生理性酸反流组（n=50）和对照组（n=99）进行心理学评估。评估采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、Beck抑郁自评量表、状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）等量表。结果：SCL-90评估显示NERD患者的躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执等因子分和总症状分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；NERD患者病理性酸反流组的躯体化、人际关系、焦虑、偏执等因子分和总症状分均显著高于生理性酸反流组（P〈0．05），而强迫、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等因子分，则两组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；NERD患者的状态焦虑量表（SAI）评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），而Beck抑郁自评量表、特质焦虑量表评分与对照组的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；病理性酸反流组的状态焦虑量表（SAI）评分高于生理性酸反流组（P〈0．01）。结论：心理社会因素在NERD的症状产生中可能有一定的作用；病理性酸反流组的心理异常较生理性酸反流组更为明显。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者心理特征的研究

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎患者的心理特征。方法对确诊的溃疡性结肠炎患者（65例中,男34例,女31例）进行心理学评分,并与对照组（健康志愿者60例）进行比较;同时比较男性与女性UC患者之间的心理学评分差异,以及比较轻度、中度、重度UC患者之间的心理评分差异。心理学评分采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）以及状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）。结果SCL-90评分显示：UC患者的躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等因子评分和总症状分均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。敌对及精神症状评分与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。抑郁自评分（SDS）、焦虑自评分（SAS）、状态焦虑评分（SAI）和特质焦虑评分（TAI）UC患者均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。而女性UC患者上述评分稍高于男性患者,但两者差异没有显著性（P〉0.05）。重度UC患者上述评分显著高于轻度、中度UC患者（P〈0.05）。中度UC患者评分高于轻度患者,但两者差异没有显著性（P〉0.05）。结论UC患者主要心理特征是抑郁和焦虑。重度UC患者心理异常较中、轻度更为明显。男女患者之间心理异常无明显差异。     

饮食指导联合心理干预对治疗肠易激综合征作用的研究

目的探讨肠易激综合征（IBS）伴抑郁症状患者通过饮食指导联合心理干预治疗能否更好地改善IBS相关症状。方法将临床诊断为IBS患者采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）总分超过160分，或任一因子分超过2分；抑郁自评量表SDS标准分≥50；焦虑白评量表SAS标准分≥53为伴抑郁症状的患者213例，采用随机数字表取样本106例，随机分成药物抗抑郁治疗组35例（对照组）、心理干预组（药物抗抑郁治疗基础上加心理干预）35例和联合饮食组（心理干预组治疗基础上加饮食指导）36例，疗程6周。治疗期间记录症状改善情况及心理症状白评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表评分以及焦虑自评量表，并追踪其疗效。结果联合饮食组在治疗第4周末和第6周末的总有效率分别为75．00％和94．44％，均明显高于对照组的48．57％和62．86％。与心理干预组相比，联合饮食组的总有效率也较高，从心身健康的改善来看，联合饮食组和心理干预组随着治疗时间的延长、压力的减轻以及饮食的调整，抑郁情绪明显缓解，患者的躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑和临床症状评分等变化显著，与对照组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），结束治疗后第12周随访，联合饮食组的复发率仅有5．56％。结论饮食指导联合心理干预对治疗肠易激综合征起着协同作用，可有效提高IBS伴抑郁症状患者治疗效果并减少复发。     

个性特征与功能性消化不良的关系

背景:焦虑、抑郁与神经质个性有着密切的联系,并与功能性胃肠病的发病密切相关。目的:调查功能性消化不良(FD)患者与健康人在个性和焦虑、抑郁状态方面的差异,探讨个性特征与FD发病的关系。方法:采用龚耀先修订的艾森克人格问卷(EPQ成人版)和Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对130例FD患者和110名健康人进行评分,比较两组受试者在精神质、神经质、内外向和掩饰质四个特质个性,以及焦虑、抑郁情绪方面的差异。结果:FD患者的神经质和SAS、SDS分值显著高于健康对照组(P<0.001),内外向分值显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05),两组间精神质和掩饰质分值则无显著差异(P>0.05)。FD患者个性异常的发生率显著高于健康对照组,其神经质评分与SAS、SDS评分呈正相关(P<0.001和P<0.05)。结论:神经质和内向个性与FD密切相关,可能是FD的病理心理学特征和病因之一。     

符合罗马Ⅲ标准FD患者心理测试及自主神经功能观察44例

目的:观察功能性消化不良(functional dyspep-sia1,FD)及其不同类型患者的心理状态和自主神经功能,以了解其特点.方法:对符合罗马Ⅲ标准的44例FD患者根据罗马Ⅲ分类标准分为餐后不适综合征(postprandial distress syndrome,PDS)(n=31)和上腹痛综合征(epigastric pain syndrome,EPS)(n=13)两个类型,16例无症状的健康人作为对照组,对所有受试者均进行上胃肠消化不良症状评分、Zung氏量表进行心理测试和自主神经功能检测.结果:FD组抑郁和(或)焦虑状态的比例(24/44),较对照组(1/16)明显多见(P=0.001).FD抑郁评分(49.36±1.71)和焦虑评分(39.83±1.57)均明显高于对照组(34.42±1.98和27.77±0.75,P值均为0.000).餐后不适组抑郁和焦虑评分(51.40±1.80和40.39±2.01)及上腹痛组抑郁和焦虑评分(45.50±3.68和38.52±2.44),均高于对照组(P值分别为0.000、0.000和0.026、0.001).餐后不适组抑郁评分较上腹痛组有增高趋势(P=0.050).FD组自主神经功能检测中深呼吸心率变异(17.61±1.18)较对照组(22.71±2.12)明显减低(P=0.031),上腹痛组深呼吸心率变异(16.17±1.98)亦较对照组明显减低(P=0.038).存在焦虑抑郁状态患者深呼吸心率变异(17.23±1.49)较对照组(22.71±2.12)明显减低(P=0.036);非焦虑抑郁组与对照组及焦虑抑郁组与非焦虑抑郁组自主神经功能检测无明显差异.结论:FD患者焦虑、抑郁状态较明显,餐后不适组抑郁状态更趋严重;FD患者的自主神经功能受损以副交感神经为主;存在抑郁和(或)焦虑状态的FD患者更易出现自主神经功能受损.     

慢性心力衰竭患者D型人格对焦虑抑郁、社会支持和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者D型人格对焦虑抑郁、社会支持和生活质量的影响。方法:依据D型人格量表(DS-14)把CHF患者分为D型人格组和非D型人格组,两组均在接受治疗前进行一般状况调查表、焦虑自评量表（SAS)、抑郁自评量表（SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表(MLHFQ)的测试。结果:①CHF患者中D型人格、焦虑、抑郁分别占34.0%、36.7%、46.7%。②D型人格组焦虑、抑郁的检出率(分别为70.6%和80.4%)均明显高于非D型人格组(分别为19.2%和29.3%,均P<0.01);D型人格组的社会支持得分（34.00±7.18）明显低于非D型人格组(41.57±7.61,P<0.01);D型人格组的生活质量得分（58.61±17.12）明显高于非D型人格组(36.67±17.63,P<0.01)。结论:D型人格的CHF患者体验更多的焦虑抑郁情绪,得到更少的社会支持,拥有较低水平的生活质量。     

Anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and their effect on quality of life

AIM: To explore the role of psychological factors in gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and their effect on quality of life(Qo L) of GERD patients.METHODS: A total of 279 consecutive patients with typical symptoms and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.All of the participants wereevaluated with the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(ZSAS), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale(ZSDS) and the SF-36 questionnaire.The scores for anxiety, depression and Qo L of the two groups were analyzed.The correlation between psychological factors and Qo L was also analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls(34.70 ± 8.00), the scores of ZSAS in the non-erosive reflux disease( N E R D) group(48.27±10.34) and the reflux esophagitis(RE) group(45.38 ± 10.27) were significantly higher(P 0.001).The mean ZSAS score of the NERD group was significantly higher than that of the RE group(P = 0.01).Compared with healthy controls(37.61 ± 8.44), the mean ZSDS scores were significantly higher in the NERD group(49.65 ± 11.09, P 0.001) and the RE group(46.76 ± 11.83, P 0.001).All dimensions of the SF-36 form were negatively correlated with the SAS and SDS scores in patients with NERD and RE(P 0.05).According to the S F- 3 6 form, vitality, mentalhealth and social functioning were significantly correlated with symptoms of depression in patients with NERD and RE.General health was obviously affected by symptoms of depression in patients with NERD(P 0.05).CONCLUSION: Anxiety and depression may play an important role in the occurrence of GERD and especially that of NERD.The Qo L of patients with GERD is reduced by anxiety and depression.     

心脏急症与稳定性冠心病患者合并心理问题现状分析

目的 心脏急症患者、稳定性冠心病患者和冠状动脉造影阴性者合并心理疾患的比较.方法 对298例疑诊为冠心病的患者根据冠状动脉病变情况分为:急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组128例、稳定性冠心病组108例、阴性对照组62例.分别在入院冠状动脉造影前、冠状动脉造影后3 d、出院前1 d进行Zung抑郁自评量表(Zung self-rating depression scale,SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(Zung self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HRSD)进行评估.结果 ACS组患者入院时有抑郁症状和焦虑症状的患者分别占65.6%(84/128),78.9%(101/128);随着治疗的进行,抑郁和焦虑的比例明显下降,出院时分别占45.3%(58/128)和64.8%(83/128,P<0.05).入院时,稳定性冠心病患者的抑郁和焦虑的比例分别为18.5%(20/108)和26.9%(29/108),对照组分别为32.3%(20/62)和25.8%(16/62),两组患者抑郁、焦虑比例在治疗过程中并无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 心理问题和冠心病共存在心内科常见,在ACS中更为突出.对于稳定性冠心病和冠状动脉造影阴性的患者应注意心理因素的影响.     

Population based study of noncardiac chest pain in southern Chinese： Prevalence, psychosocial factors and health care utilization

AIM: Population-based assessment of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, psychosocial factors and health seeking behaviour of NCCP in southern Chinese. METHODS: A total of 2 209 ethnic Hong Kong Chinese households were recruited to participate in a telephone survey to study the epidemiology of NCCP using the Rose angina questionnaire, a validated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) questionnaire and the hospital anxiety-depression scale. NCCP was defined as non-exertional chest pain according to the Rose angina questionnaire and had not been diagnosed as ischaemic heart diseases by a physician. RESULTS: Chest pain over the past year was present in 454 subjects (20.6%, 95% CI 19-22), while NCCP was present in 307 subjects (13.9%, 95% CI 13-15). GERD was present in 51% of subjects with NCCP and 34% had consulted a physician for chest pain. Subjects with NCCP had a significantly higher anxiety (P<0.001) and depression score (P=0.007), and required more days off (P=0.021) than subjects with no chest pain. By multiple logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2), presence of GERD (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.6-4.8), and social life being affected by NCCP (OR 6.9, 95% CI 3.3-15.9) were independent factors associated with health seeking behaviour in southern Chinese with NCCP. CONCLUSION: NCCP is a common problem in southern Chinese and associated with anxiety and depression. Female gender, GERD and social life affected by chest pain were associated with health care utilization in subjects with NCCP.     

Prevalence of psychological disorders,sleep disturbance and stressful life events and their relationships with disease parameters in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of psychological disorders, sleep disturbance, and stressful life events in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy controls, to assess the correlation between psychological and disease-related variables, and finally to detect powerful factors in predicting anxiety and depression. AS patients diagnosed with the modified New York criteria and healthy controls were enrolled from China. Participants completed a set of questionnaires, including demographic and disease parameters, Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI), and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). The relationship between psychological and other variables was explored. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the contributors to each disorder. Of all the 2772 AS patients, 79.1% were male. Mean age was 28.99 ± 8.87 years. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance was 31.6% (95% CI, 29.9, to 33.4), 59.3% (95% CI, 57.5, to 61.2), and 31.0% (95% CI, 29.3, to 36.7), respectively. 35.3% had stimulus of psychological and social elements (SPSE). Compared with healthy controls, AS patients had more severe psychological disorders, sleep disturbance, and stressful life events (P < 0.01). SDS, overall pain, BASFI, and sleep disturbance were significant contributors of the SAS scores (P < 0.03). SAS, less years of education, and sleep duration were significant contributors of SDS (P < 0.01). AS patients had more anxiety, depression, stressful life events, and sleep disturbance than healthy controls. Pain, functional limitation, sleep disturbance, and education were major contributors to psychological disorders.     

Validation of a brief screening test for depression in the elderly

This paper describes the clinical validation of the 10-question Short Zung Interviewer-assisted Depression Rating Scale (Short Zung I.D.S.) which has been derived from the 20-question Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung S.D.S) for use in the elderly. The Short Zung I.D.S. was administered to 104 elderly volunteers from the community and to 33 elderly depressed patients assessed by a psychiatrist. The mean scores (41.3 and 81.0, respectively) were significantly different (P less than 0.0001). The Short Zung I.D.S. has proved to be a useful brief screening test for depression in the elderly and should be of value in measuring changes in mood.     

Assessment of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis: effect of interferon treatment

INTRODUCTION/AIM: Chronic viral hepatitis and its treatment with interferon (IFN) have an impact on patients' quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis before and during IFN therapy. PATIENTS/METHODS: Our study group comprised 132 patients, 38 with chronic hepatitis C (26 males, 12 females), 36 with chronic hepatitis B (29 males, 7 females), and 58 individuals with no chronic disease (24 males, 34 females). Depression was assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the corresponding SDS index. RESULTS: At baseline, patients with viral hepatitis and healthy controls had similar SDS indexes. During treatment, a significant increase in the SDS index was observed in both HBV and HCV patients (p < 0.001), which returned to the baseline levels after treatment. During IFN therapy, the SDS indexes were higher in HCV compared to HBV patients and women compared to men (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively), and there was a >5- fold increased frequency to develop severe depression. CONCLUSIONS: IFN-induced depression occurs more frequently in HCV than HBV patients and in women than men. Monitoring during treatment is mandatory in order to maximize treatment adherence.     

功能性消化不良患者生活事件、生活质量与症状关系的研究

背景：目前有关功能性消化不良（FD）患者生活事件状况的研究结论不一，国内这方面的研究不多，对两者之间的关系尚不明了。目的：调查FD患者经历的生活事件和生活质量状况，探讨两者以及FD症状程度之间的关系。方法：对114例FD患者和100名健康对照者进行问卷调查，调查内容包括生活事件量表（LES）、简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）和症状评分表，并进行分析比较。结果：FD患者经历的生活事件总值（P=-0．014）和负性生活事件值（P〈0．001）显著高于健康对照组，正性生活事件值则低于健康对照组（P=0．001）。FD患者的生活质量在8个健康概念维度上均显著较健康对照组差（P〈0．001）。FD患者的症状评分与各生活事件值均无相关性；生活事件总值和负性生活事件值分别与生活质量8个健康概念维度中的6个和7个呈负相关（P〈0．05），正性生活事件值与生活质量无关；症状评分与生活质量中的活力、躯体疼痛无明显相关性，与其余6个健康概念维度均呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：经历更多负性生活事件是FD的特征和诱因之一，负性生活事件影响患者生活质量的作用明显。