Medication-based Refill Adherence Among Pregnant Women Living With HIV in Nigeria

PurposeA major global public health challenge is the continuance of new pediatric HIV infections primarily because of mother to child transmission of HIV occurring mainly in sub-Saharan African countries. The purpose of this study was to examine antiretroviral therapy (ART) refill adherence and its determinants among pregnant women living with HIV in Nigeria.MethodsA retrospective review of pharmacy refill records was undertaken to examine adherence data on 275 pregnant women undergoing ART in 4 high-volume HIV treatment sites in Nigeria. A pharmacy refill adherence measure was used to assess medication refill behavior of pregnant women living with HIV who had received an ART refill during a period of 3 months. Medication-based ART refill adherence was categorized as % adherence (100% adherence) or % nonadherence (<100% adherence) to the ART refill scheduled dates. Refill appointments were scheduled on a 28-day cycle. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.FindingsOf the 275 women, 59.3% (95% CI, 53.1%–65.5%) were adherent to their ART refill schedule. Women who initiated ART during the third trimester of their current pregnancy had the lowest adherence rate of 30.8% (95% CI, 7.7%–53.8%) compared with women who commenced ART before conception or during the first or second trimester. The availability of a treatment support person was significantly associated with ART refill adherence. The odds of medication-based refill adherence were 2.9 times higher for participants who had a treatment support person (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.2; p = 0.001).ImplicationsResults indicate that having a treatment support person could contribute to improving ART adherence in pregnant women living in Nigeria.     

孕妇甲状腺超声测量参数界定及其与甲状腺功能关系的研究

目的探讨孕妇甲状腺超声测量参数与甲状腺功能的关系,寻找最佳评估参数。 方法选取2017年2月至9月在舟山市妇幼保健院体检的120例孕妇,分为妊娠早期组（9~12周）40例,妊娠中期组（16~24周）40例,妊娠晚期组（32~36周）40例,同时选取甲状腺功能正常的非妊娠妇女40名作为对照组,超声测量各组甲状腺各径大小及阻力指数（RI）、舒张末期血流速度（PDV）和收缩期最大血流速度（PSV）,全自动生化分析仪检测各组促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平。 结果4组妇女甲状腺上下径、左右径及前后径以及甲状腺上动脉RI和PDV比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;妊娠早期组、妊娠中期组和妊娠晚期组PSV均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（F=7.224,P<0.05）,其中妊娠晚期组PSV为（28.03±8.10）cm/s,明显低于妊娠早期组的（34.52±8.03）cm/s,差异有统计学意义（t=3.599,P<0.01）;妊娠早期组和妊娠中期组TSH水平明显低于妊娠晚期组和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,其中妊娠早期组最低,为1.09（0.24,3.20）mU/L;妊娠早期组、妊娠中期组和妊娠晚期组FT3和FT4均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,其中妊娠晚期组FT3和FT4分别为4.10（3.61,4.55）pmol/L和12.20（8.73,15.01）pmol/L,明显低于妊娠早期组和妊娠中期组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。孕妇PSV与TSH呈负相关（r_s=-0.334,P<0.05）,与FT3和FT4呈正相关（r_s=0.364、0.377,P均<0.05）。 结论孕妇甲状腺上动脉血流PSV明显高于非妊娠妇女,其与孕妇甲状腺激素TSH、FT3和FT4有关。动态检测孕妇PSV对于妊娠妇女甲状腺功能评估具有重要意义。     

Prepregnancy Headache and the Well-being of Mother and Newborn

Women (n = 1443) expecting their first child were studied to examine whether prepregnancy headache predicts problems in the well-being of pregnant women and newborns. Subject collection was based on stratified randomized cluster sampling.
Impairment of health during the first trimester was more often reported by women with frequent prepregnancy headache than by nonsufferers. They also made more visits to a doctor and had more pregnancy symptoms during the third trimester. Use of any medication during the first trimester was also more common in the headache group. Mental health status was worse, fatigue and depression increased during pregnancy more often, and stress and anxiety about delivery were more common in this group. The relationship with spouses worsened during pregnancy in the headache group and seemed to be predicted by impairment of somatic health during the first trimester and increasing depression during pregnancy. No statistical differences between groups were found in variables measuring the well-being of the newborns.
Frequent prepregnancy headache proved to be a strong predictor of ill-being in pregnant women. This result should find practical applications in the preventive work of maternity health care clinics.     

Emergent complication of assisted reproductive technology: Clinical analysis of 17 pregnant women with adnexal torsion

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, surgical management, and outcomes of pregnant women with adnexal torsion due to assisted reproductive technology.MethodsIt was a retrospective study that include 17 pregnant women with adnexal torsion, in which the maternal age, type of fertilization, gestational age, clinical symptoms, ultrasonic findings, side affected by the disease, surgical method, and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated.ResultsA total of 17 patients with adnexal torsion were included in this study, of which 8 patients conceived by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), 1 by artificial insemination (AIH), and the other 8 conceived naturally after ovulation induction. About 14 were reported to have occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy, 1 case in the second trimester, and the other 2 in the third trimester. Clinical symptoms were abdominal pain with or without nausea and vomiting. 14 cases occurred in the right adnexa and the other 3 in the left. 5 of the patients underwent laparoscopy, and the other 12 underwent laparotomy. 8 cases were of full- term delivery, 6 twins gave birth prematurely, and 3 patients had inevitable abortion.ConclusionsAdnexal torsion is an acute onset of lower abdominal pain in women, which seldom occurs during pregnancy. However, because of the wide application of assisted reproductive technology (ART), its incidence has increased. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better results.     

妊娠期贫血患者的血常规检验分析

目的探讨分析血液常规检查对妊娠期贫血患者的临床作用。方法选取2012年2月至2013年9月经妇产科治疗的138例妊娠期贫血患者,同时选取同期120例健康孕妇作为对照组,观察两组孕妇的血常规检验结果,对血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、血细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)和血细胞分布宽度(RDW)等检测指标开展统计分析。结果孕早期孕妇的小细胞性贫血发生率为76.32%,大细胞性贫血发生率为15.79%;孕中期的小细胞性贫血发生率为76.60%,大细胞性贫血发生率为14.89%;孕晚期的小细胞性贫血发生率为35.85%,大细胞性贫血发生率为60.38%。小细胞性贫血孕妇的RBC均值与健康孕妇相比较无明显差异,RDW均值高于健康孕妇,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Hb、MCV、MCH、MCHC的均值都低于健康孕妇,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。大细胞性贫血孕妇,其MCHC均值与健康孕妇无统计学差异(P0.05),RDW、MCV、MCH均值都高于健康孕妇,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Hb、RBC均值都低于健康孕妇,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠期发生贫血的几率较高,孕早期与孕中期主要为小细胞性贫血,孕晚期主要为大细胞性贫血,对孕妇定期开展Hb、RBC、MCH、MCV、MCHC、RDW等常规检查有重要意义,可尽早发现贫血程度,预防不良事件的发生。     

护理干预在改善孕妇妊娠末期睡眠质量及负性情绪中的作用

目的:研究在常规产科指导基础上,再给予妊娠末期孕妇护理干预的效果.方法:选取2016年12月至2017年12月福建省厦门市翔安区妇幼保健院收治的妊娠末期孕妇110例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例.对照组实施常规产科指导,观察组实施针对性护理干预,统计并比较2种护理方式下孕妇的睡眠质量和心理状态情况.结果:护理前组间睡眠质量各指标评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后2组各指标评分均降低,但观察组比对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理前组间SAS、SDS评分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后2组SAS、SDS评分均降低,但观察组比对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:在常规产科指导基础上,再给予妊娠末期孕妇针对性护理干预,可以改善孕妇睡眠质量,利于孕妇良好心理状态的构建.     

Assessment of iodine intake in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women by a new automated kinetic urinary iodine determination method.

Maternal iodine deficiency can compromise the thyroid status of the mother, fetus and newborn child. Therefore, it is important to assess the iodine excretion level of groups of pregnant women. In this study we aimed to determine iodine intake in pregnancy using a recently reported automated kinetic method for urinary iodine determination. Urinary iodine measurements of 123 pregnant women (18 first, 28 second and 77 third trimester) were carried out using a new automated kinetic assay based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction at 37 degrees C and its kinetic measurement at 340 nm in a random-access automated analyzer after ammonium persulfate digestion at 95 degrees C in a water bath with +/-0.1 degree C precision. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software. Whole group, first trimester, second trimester and third trimester urinary iodine concentrations (mean+/-SD) in pregnant women were 1.13+/-0.81, 1.08+/-0.71, 0.86+/-0.58 and 1.27+/-0.87 micromol/L, respectively. The urinary iodine concentration significantly increased with gestational age (p<0.05). We found that our study group was mildly iodine-deficient according to WHO criteria. Furthermore, the pregnant women were found to be mildly iodine-deficient in the first and third trimesters and moderately so in the second trimester. The only statistical difference was between second and third trimester values (p<0.05). Even though the increased iodine deficiency in the second trimester is not useful for early detection of iodine deficiency in pregnancy, the severity of this deficiency in the second trimester may lead to important effects on thyroid metabolism for both mother and fetus. Our study suggests that the iodine excretion of pregnant women living in iodine-deficient areas could be assessed using this fast and automated method.     

孕晚期产妇生殖道B族链球菌感染与胎膜早破及新生儿结局的相关性

目的:探讨孕晚期产妇生殖道B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus,GBS)感染与胎膜早破及新生儿结局的相关性。方法:搜集2017年5月至2019年8月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院产科门诊的2100例孕妇,选取其中122例孕晚期胎膜早破产妇作为观察组,另选取120例同期健康孕晚期产妇作为健康对照组,比较两组GBS感染率,依据观察组患者是否合并GBS感染,将其分为GBS阴性组与GBS阳性组,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析影响胎膜早破孕妇GBS感染的危险因素,观察不同组别不良妊娠情况及新生儿结局。结果:健康对照组GBS感染率显著低于观察组(P<0.05);两组孕妇胎位异常、双胎或多胎妊娠和巨大儿发生率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示胎位异常、双胎或多胎妊娠和巨大儿为影响胎膜早破孕妇GBS感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。GBS阴性组早产、产后出血和宫内感染率均显著低于GBS阳性组(P<0.05);GBS阳性组新生儿窒息和新生儿肺炎感染发生率均高于GBS阴性组(P<0.05);两组新生儿感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:胎位异常、双胎或多胎妊娠和巨大儿均可影响孕晚期胎膜早破产妇GBS感染,GBS感染可致新生儿窒息、新生儿感染和新生儿肺炎的发生,同时引起早产、产后出血和宫内感染等不良妊娠结局的发生。临床需要对孕晚期产妇生殖道GBS感染进行及时监测和处理,以降低其不良母婴结局的发生率。     

GBS阳性孕妇阴道微生态与妊娠不良事件的相关性

目的 研究B族链球菌(GBS)阳性孕妇阴道微生态与不良妊娠事件间的相关性.方法 前瞻性选取2017年6月至2019年6月间于恩施州土家族苗族自治州中心医院行常规孕检并分娩的880例孕妇纳为研究对象,分别在孕早期(孕8～12周)及孕晚期(孕37周)使用胶体金免疫层析法行GBS检测.使用五联阴道试剂盒检测阴道微生态,同时记...     

妊娠晚期孕妇心理弹性与焦虑的相关性研究

目的：调查妊娠晚期孕妇心理弹性及焦虑状况,探讨妊娠晚期孕妇心理弹性与焦虑的相关性。方法：采用心理弹性量表（CD-RISC）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）对253例妊娠晚期孕妇进行问卷调查。结果：妊娠晚期孕妇的心理弹性得分为38~94（65.21±11.08）分,坚韧、力量、乐观维度得分分别为16~52（31.40±6.93）分、13~32（22.99±3.80）分、5~16（10.83±2.01）分。妊娠晚期孕妇的焦虑得分为26~70（44.64±8.91）分,46（18.2％）例孕妇处于轻度焦虑,15（5.9％）例孕妇处于中度焦虑,2（0.8％）例孕妇处于重度焦虑。妊娠晚期孕妇的心理弹性和焦虑程度呈负相关（r=-0.573,P<0.001）,坚韧维度和焦虑程度呈负相关（r=-0.491,P<0.001）,力量维度和焦虑程度呈负相关（r=-0.365,P<0.001）,乐观维度和焦虑程度无相关关系（r=-0.164,P=0.09）。妊娠晚期孕妇的焦虑程度与心理弹性、妊娠期合并症及并发症、不良孕产史有线性回归关系。结论：孕妇的心理弹性能够影响妊娠晚期的焦虑程度,可从提高孕妇心理弹性水平的角度改善妊娠晚期孕妇的心理健康状况。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇酮体、肌醇含量变化与胎儿畸形的相关性

目的对孕早期孕妇酮体含量及肌醇代谢水平进行分析,了解妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇酮体与肌醇含量的变化与胎儿出现畸形的相关性,从而达到在孕早期对胎儿畸形进行预防的目的。方法选取2010年1月~2013年6月间于我院确诊为GDM孕妇并在我院分娩产出畸形胎儿的患者19例,设为GDM组;另选取同期在我院进行常规检查并正常分娩的健康孕妇19例设为对照组。分别于两组研究对象怀孕3个月内时测定其体内酮体、肌醇和空腹血糖含量,并追踪统计畸形胎儿的类型,分析GDM孕妇酮体与肌醇含量的变化对胎儿出现畸形的影响。结果两组研究对象在年龄、孕周、BMI等一般资料比较中差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。经过对各项检测指标的分析发现,GDM组的孕妇酮体和空腹血糖含量显著高于对照组,而肌醇的含量水平则低于对照组。两组之间的比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。GDM组的孕妇娩出的畸形胎儿主要有无脑儿、脊柱裂、肾脏畸形及其他神经中枢缺损。结论GDM孕妇酮体的含量和肌醇的代谢水平能够影响胎儿的正常发育,在孕早期胎儿是否存在畸形的预测中具有一定的价值,以此为指标可以在临床上对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇及时的进行补救或终止妊娠,减少畸形胎儿的发生率。       

正常高值血压孕产妇凝血指标与妊娠结局的临床分析

目的:探讨正常高值血压孕产妇的凝血指标与妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析2015～2017年在本院产检并分娩的1 500例孕妇的临床资料,其中正常高值血压组、正常血压组、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)组各500例,将一般资料、孕晚期血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)与妊娠结局进行分析。结果:正常高值血压组孕产妇孕次、产次、孕前体质指数(BMI)、孕期增重(GWG)以及孕晚期PT、FIB、剖宫产率,与正常血压组孕产妇差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。正常高值血压组孕产妇孕前BMI,孕晚期PLT、MPV、PDW、PT、APTT,胎盘早剥、产后出血、剖宫产率、早产、羊水过少、小于孕龄儿及胎儿窘迫,与HDP组孕产妇差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:正常高值血压孕产妇部分凝血指标发生变化,除剖宫产率升高外,不良妊娠结局并未显著增加,临床一般无需特别纳入妊娠期高血压疾病管理。     

超声标准化定量评价健康孕妇左心房构型的初步研究

目的 采用二维超声心动图(2DE)获取健康孕妇左心房构型的相关定量数据, 并用体表面积对其进行标化, 进一步了解妊娠期妇女左心房构型发生的适应性改变。方法 采用2DE检测100名健康孕妇(早孕组、中孕组、晚孕组)及年龄相匹配的25名健康未孕妇女(对照组)的左心房构型指标。对比分析健康孕妇各组和对照组2DE测量的未经体表面积标化的左心房构型超声常规指标 以及经体表面积标化的左心房构型超声标化指标, 并观察左心房构型指标标化前后的变异系数。结果 随着孕周的增大, 健康孕妇左心房构型常规指标(LAD、LAV)及标化指标(LADi、LAVi)均呈现逐步升高的趋势, 在早孕、中孕、晚孕组间的差异均有统计学意义(P均 <0.05)。左心房构型常规指标的变异系数明显大于标化指标的变异系数。结论 健康孕妇心脏构型超声心动图标化指标稳定性优于常规指标, 可降低超声常规指标评价孕妇左心房构型变化的假阳性率, 其结果更具可靠性。     

广州地区妊娠中晚期妇女AT-Ⅲ检测参考值范围调查

目的：对广州地区中晚期妊娠妇女抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）参考值范围的调查,初步探讨AT-Ⅲ检测在妊娠妇女中的应用价值。方法选取健康妊娠妇女250例及同期体检的健康非妊娠妇女118例,将健康妊娠妇女按孕周分组：孕周14∽27周组设为中孕组,共124例,＞27周组设为！孕组,共126例。将上述各组按年龄再分为小于29岁组和大于或等于29岁组。收集所有入组人员抗凝静脉血1．8 mL,检测其血浆AT-Ⅲ水平,调查其相应的参考值范围。结果中孕组、晚孕组及健康对照组血浆AT-Ⅲ水平分别为99．0％（68．1％∽117．0％）、92．0％（71．1％∽112．0％）、103％（76．0％∽127．8％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。＜29岁的中孕组、晚孕组及健康对照组血浆 AT-Ⅲ水平分别为96．85％（71．20％∽116．85％）、93．60％（70．53％∽136．48％）、103．75％（80．68％∽139．48％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;≥29岁的中孕组、晚孕组及健康对照组血浆AT-Ⅲ水平分别为95．47％（77．40％∽113．54％）、92．40％（69．20％∽113．00％）、102．08％（75．20％∽123．80％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。妊娠妇女AT-Ⅲ水平在不同孕期组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,应制订不同的参考范围,而同一孕期内不同年龄段妊娠妇女AT-Ⅲ水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,制订参考范围时可不考虑年龄因素。结论该研究为广州地区中晚期妊娠妇女人群AT-Ⅲ的参考值范围制订提供了一定的参考依据。     

Thyroglobulin in serum as an indicator of iodine status during pregnancy

Serum thyroglobulin and thyrotropin as well as urinary iodine concentrations were measured in healthy, pregnant Swedish (n=27) and Sudanese (n=21) women and the results compared with those of healthy Swedish (n=14) and Sudanese (n=20) non-pregnant controls. The median thyroglobulin concentrations (and interquartile range) in the Swedish pregnant women for the three trimesters were 15.5 (8-24), 10.5 (7-19) and 18.0 (13-25) microg/L, respectively. The median third trimester concentration was higher than both the first and second trimester concentrations, respectively (p<0.0001, p<0.0001). Compared to the control group, the Swedish pregnant women had a significantly higher median thyroglobulin concentration in the third trimester (p<0.05). Among the Sudanese pregnant women, the median serum thyroglobulin concentrations (and interquartile range) were 27.5 (12-40), 25.0 (15-43) and 30.0 (15-67) microg/L during the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. There were no significant differences between these concentrations. Compared to the control group, the Sudanese pregnant women had a significantly higher median thyroglobulin in the third trimester (p<0.01). The Sudanese pregnant women also showed significantly higher median thyroglobulin concentrations than the Swedish pregnant women in all the three trimesters of pregnancy (p<0.05, p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the two non-pregnant controls. Among the Swedish pregnant women, 40%, 23% and 30% of the subjects showed serum thyroglobulin concentrations above 20 microg/ L during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. Corresponding figures for the Sudanese pregnant women were 55%, 61% and 64%, respectively. A significantly negative correlation was shown between serum thyroglobulin and urinary iodine concentrations during the second and third trimesters in the Swedish women (r= -0.8, p=0.01 and r= -0.5, p=0.03, respectively), and in the third trimester in the Sudanese women (r= -0.6, p=0.03). No such correlation was observed between thyrotropin and urinary iodine concentration in either the Swedish or the Sudanese pregnant women. It is concluded that serum thyroglobulin is a more sensitive indicator of iodine deficiency than serum thyrotropin during pregnancy.     

母体血清miR-125b-2直接检测应用于无创产前诊断的相关研究

目的 通过孕妇血清miR-125b-2直接检测,探讨其应用于无创产前诊断的可能性.方法 应用茎环RT-PCR技术直接检测96例正常孕妇和46例异常孕妇血清miR-125b-2水平,通过比较平均Cq值观察各组间miR-125b-2水平的差异.结果 96例正常孕妇血清miR-125b-2平均Cq值为34.11,妊娠早期、中期、晚期平均Cq值分别为34.70,33.64,33.97.妊娠中、晚期平均Cq值低于妊娠早期,miR-125b-2在妊娠中、晚期的水平高于妊娠早期(P<0.05),而妊娠中、晚期之间没有明显差异(P>0.05);唐氏筛查高危孕妇平均Cq值(32.61)低于正常妊娠中期孕妇平均Cq值(33.64),其miR-125b-2水平高于正常妊娠中期孕妇(P<0.05);最终确诊为异常的孕妇平均Cq值(31.90)低于正常孕妇(34.11),其血清miR-125b-2水平明显高于正常孕妇(P<0.05);此外,异位妊娠孕妇平均Cq值(30.56)低于正常孕妇(34.11),其血清miR-125b-2的水平也明显高于正常孕妇(P<0.05).结论 母体外周循环的miRNAs可能成为无创产前诊断的另一类新的生物标记物.     

中文版澳大利亚盆底问卷在孕产妇人群中的信效度检验

目的汉化澳大利亚盆底问卷自适问卷(the self-administered Australian pelvic floor questionnaire,APFQ),并检验其在中国孕产妇人群中的信度、效度及反应度。方法经过跨文化调适及预调查后,确定中文版APFQ自适问卷,将其应用于316例妊娠晚期的孕妇,纵向随访至产后2个月再次发放问卷,对两次测量结果进行信度、效度及反应度分析。结果内容效度:问卷S-CVI为0.98;结构效度:妊娠晚期及产后2个月阶段有症状困扰的女性和没有症状困扰的女性得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);信度:妊娠晚期及产后2个月的问卷总Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.83,0.89,重测信度为0.79;反应度:该问卷的膀胱功能维度和性功能维度能够显著识别症状随时间的变化,效应量(effect size,ES)分别为0.75、0.28,标准化反应均数(standardized response mean,SRM)分别为0.62、0.20。结论中文版APFQ自适问卷具有良好的信效度,能够纵向监测症状的变化,适用于评估孕产妇人群的盆底功能障碍疾病症状。     

Thyrotrophin and free thyroxine trimester-specific reference intervals in a mixed ethnic pregnant population in the United Arab Emirates

BACKGROUND: Physiological alterations in the homeostatic control of thyroid hormones cause changes in thyroid function tests in pregnant women. A lack of method, trimester and population-specific reference intervals for free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotrophin (TSH) makes interpretation of FT4 and TSH levels in pregnancy difficult. We established trimester-specific reference intervals for TSH and FT4 in a mixed ethnic population of pregnant women attending two antenatal clinics in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS: TSH and FT4 result from 1140 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were available. The 95% reference intervals were determined for TSH and FT4 for each trimester for Arab women from the United Arab Emirates and other Arab countries and Asian women. RESULTS: Suppressed TSH levels in the first trimester recovered to non-pregnant levels in the third trimester. There was a significant difference in TSH levels between trimesters 1 and 2, and 2 and 3 (p<0.0005). There was no significant difference in the TSH levels between the various ethnic groups. Mean FT4 levels decreased with each progressive trimester in all groups. There were significant differences in FT4 levels between all three trimesters (p<0.005), especially between the first and second trimesters. FT4 differed significantly between UAE nationals and Asians in the first and second trimesters (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the findings were in keeping with earlier reports. Use of trimester-specific reference intervals should help in the appropriate interpretation of thyroid hormone results in the mixed UAE population.     

妊娠期、产褥期妇女维生素D和PTH营养状况的评价

目的了解妊娠期、产褥期妇女钙吸收水平和维生素D、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)的分布水平和营养状况。方法选取2014年9月至2015年11月来围产门诊就诊的孕妇和产褥期妇女共740例设为观察组,分为孕中期组、孕晚期组和产褥期组。随机抽取同期健康非孕妇女100例作为对照组。用电化学发光法检测所有研究对象血清25-羟基维生素D(25-OH-D)、PTH的水平,联合检测镁(Mg)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、钙(Ca)等指标,并比较各组结果的差异。结果孕中期组妇女25-OH-D水平为(57.9±18.2)nmol/L,孕晚期组为(39.4±15.0)nmol/L,产褥期组为(65.1±19.6)nmol/L,对照组为(78.6±16.2)nmol/L,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PTH水平孕晚期组高于孕中期组,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清中钙、镁、ALP水平观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠期和产褥期妇女普遍存在低钙、低镁、维生素D不足或缺乏的现象,补钙同时补充维生素D及其他矿物质元素是必要的。     

辅助生殖技术妊娠妇女心理健康状况调查

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)妊娠妇女心理健康状况,为ART妊娠妇女心理护理提供理论依据。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)中国修订版进行问卷调查,选择2009年6月至2010年6月在我院生殖中心接受ART的妊娠妇女110例作为研究对象,分孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期三次进行问卷调查,并与在我院产科门诊做系统保健的110例自然妊娠妇女作对照分析。结果:妊娠早期ART妊娠妇女的焦虑因子分值高于自然妊娠妇女(t=2.189,P<0.05);妊娠晚期ART妊娠妇女的焦虑因子分值高于自然妊娠妇女(t=2.219,P<0.01);妊娠早期ART妊娠妇女抑郁因子分值高于自然妊娠妇女(t=2.176,P<0.05);妊娠晚期ART妊娠妇女抑郁因子分值高于自然妊娠妇女(t=2.183,P<0.01)。结论:ART妊娠妇女心理健康明显低于自然妊娠妇女,加强对ART妊娠妇女心理干预势在必行。