股骨转子下截骨在CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的应用

目的 探讨股骨转子下横行短缩截骨在Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的作用.方法 2001年2月至2007年2月对12例Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者行股骨转子下横行短缩截骨的全髋关节置换.男3例,女9例;年龄45～65岁,平均54岁.左髋5例,右髋6例,双髋1例.术前患肢短缩1.8～5.0cm,平均3.5 cm.4例中度跛行,8例重度跛行.于术后3、6、12个月,以后每年随访一次.摄X线片观察截骨愈合、假体下沉及松动情况.观察患者跛行情况,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分.结果 全部患者随访2～7年,平均3.0年.截骨长度1.5～4.2 cm,平均2.2 cm.无坐骨神经损伤.截骨均愈合,愈合时间3～15个月,平均5.3个月.末次随访时3例轻度跛行,4例中度跛行,无重度跛行患者.髋关节Harris评分从术前平均36分(30～60分)提高到末次随访平均83分(75～95分).2髋分别于术后5年和7年发生股骨假体下沉,下沉高度分别为3 mm和6 mm.无假体松动及术后感染.结论 对Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者实施全髋关节置换术时行转子下横行短缩截骨,为真臼的暴露、臼杯的准确安装、增加股骨假体柄直径、矫正股骨假体柄前倾角创造了条件,可避免神经损伤.     

Wagner cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的分析Wagner cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者的临床结果和并发症。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院关节外科,应用Wagner cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗51例(67髋)CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者,其中男7例,女44例;年龄16～65岁,平均年龄40岁;双髋患者16例,单髋患者35例。应用Harris髋关节评分评价患者临床功能恢复情况,根据骨盆X线片、双下肢全长片评价假体位置、截骨处愈合情况、有无骨溶解、假体下沉等。结果患者随访时间24～108个月,平均随访时间54个月。患者Harris髋关节评分由术前平均37.5分(30～55分)增至术后平均85.8分(78～96分),手术前后Harris髋关节评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前肢体长度差异平均3.8cm(0～8cm),术中截骨长度平均3.1cm(1.5～6.5cm),术后肢体长度差异平均0.8cm(0～1.5cm)。术中骨折3例(3髋),截骨处未愈合1例(2髋),术后脱位5例,无感染、神经损伤和假体松动、下沉。结论 Wagner Cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者,临床疗效满意,术后并发症少,可有效平衡双下肢长度,简化手术的复杂性,值得临床推广使用。     

短颈直柄型股骨假体治疗高位脱位型髋关节发育不良的临床应用

[目的]探讨高位脱位型髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的患者,应用短颈直柄型股骨假体进行人工全髋置换的临床体会。[方法]2002年6月～2007年10月,对11例(12髋)高位脱位型髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的患者,应用短颈直柄型股骨假体实施人工全髋关节置换术。所有患者均为女性,平均年龄51(41～68)岁。手术采用髋关节后外侧入路,髋臼重建于真正的髋臼窝,根据宿主骨对臼杯的包容情况予以结构性自体植骨;股骨侧应用短颈直柄型假体,骨水泥固定。术中进行广泛的软组织松解。[结果]本组病例患髋旋转中心较术前平均下降4.5(3.8～4.8)cm,患肢平均延长3.9(3.6～4.3)cm。术后平均随访36(10～66`)个月,所有结构性植骨均获得愈合,患髋未出现假体松动,股骨假体的骨-水泥界面及假体-水泥界面均未见透亮线。术后均未出现坐骨神经、股神经麻痹。Harris评分由术前的平均41.8分提高到术后的平均86.2分。[结论]对于术前计划髋关节旋转中心下移不超过5cm的高位脱位型髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者,应用短颈直柄型股骨假体进行人工全髋置换,避免了股骨截骨短缩和大转子截骨,近期效果满意。     

Wagner Cone生物柄非股骨截骨全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良

目的探讨年轻髋关节发育不良(DDH)患者采用非股骨短缩截骨技术结合Wagner Cone圆锥形生物型先髋柄的全髋关节置换术(THA)及其近期临床疗效。方法 2010年8月至2013年6月间,兰州军区总医院关节外科收治18例(20髋)DDH并发髋关节骨关节炎患者,患者均为女性,年龄22~43岁,平均(27±5)岁。髋关节发育不良按Crowe分型:Ⅲ型7例(7髋),Ⅱ型8例(10髋),Ⅰ型3例(3髋)。术前髋关节功能评分(Harris评分)(52.5±9.2)分,肢体平均短缩(3.2±0.9)cm(1.0~4.5 cm)。所有患者均采用后外侧入路,选择非股骨短缩截骨技术结合Wagner Cone圆锥形生物先髋柄假体进行人工髋关节置换。比较手术前、后的Harris评分并行影像学评估股骨近端髓腔形态与股骨假体的匹配情况,以及术后骨-假体界面稳定性。对术前和术后Harris评分进行t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果平均随访时间为(42±9)个月(20~55个月)。Harris评分从术前(52±9)分提高至末次随访时(90±4)分,组间差异有统计学意义(t=21.2,P0.01)。术后即刻X线片均显示股骨柄与髓腔紧密压配,假体髓腔填充良好。依Engh骨长入标准(骨性固定、纤维性稳定及假体不稳定),18例20髋均为稳定性骨长入。本组病例无感染、假体松动、假体周围骨折等并发症的发生。结论圆锥形Wagner Cone先髋生物柄可良好充填DDH细小的股骨髓腔,不需要股骨短缩截骨,通过有限软组织松解、撬拨复位实现髋关节复位。圆锥形假体柄设计可方便调整DDH增加的前倾角,柄体表面全涂层处理可保证有效的生物固定长度。     

转子下截骨短缩全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨股骨转子下截骨短缩人工髋关节置换治疗成人CroweIV型髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法CroweIV型髋关节发育不良患者18例24髋，均为女性，平均年龄46．8岁（38-55岁）。采用S-ROM或AML假体结合股骨转子下横断截骨短缩行人工关节置换术，按术前计划、股骨重叠情况及软组织和坐骨神经张力截除相应长度股骨。术前、术后行Harris评分及功能评价。结果全部病例随访9-72个月，平均29个月。Harris评分由术前41分增加到术后89分，优良率83．3％。髋旋转中心平均下降56mm，平均截骨短缩长度为31mm。截骨平均愈合时间为8个月。1髋术中、2髋术后并发股骨骨折，发生率12．5％，用加压钢板及钢丝固定，平均10个月后骨折愈合。术前Trendelenburg征均为阳性，术后15例阴性、3例阳性，转阴时间平均为13个月。单侧患者肢体不等长发生率为25％。无一例出现关节感染、假体松动、脱位、神经功能损伤等并发症。结论股骨转子下截骨短缩人工髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良高位脱位可避免坐骨神经损伤，单侧患者易形成肢体不等长，软组织平衡及肌力恢复需要一定时间，Trendelenburg征转阴时间长，易并发术中及术后股骨骨折，需用钢丝环扎预防。     

全髋与半髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

2015年3月~2016年2月,我科行全髋与半髋关节置换术治疗36例股骨颈骨折患者,临床效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组共36例,男19例,女17例,年龄62~78(68.46±3.69)岁。全髋置换20例,半髋置换16例。骨折Garden分型:Ⅲ型29例,Ⅳ型7例。受伤至手术时间2~5 d。1.2治疗方法硬膜外麻醉下手术。患者侧卧位。按髋关节后外侧切口入路,切开皮肤及阔筋膜,离断部分臀中肌和外旋肌群,充分暴露股骨颈后进行不同术式的髋关节置换。1.2.1半髋关节置换术电摆锯在股骨颈处截骨,保留股骨小转子上沿1.5 cm长度的股骨颈,将股骨头取出后测量最大直径,选用配套股骨头假体备用。扩髓器对股骨端进行扩髓,冲洗髓腔,放置股骨远端塞至假体柄远端2 cm处,调制骨水泥至拉丝状,打入股骨髓腔后装配股骨柄假体,至骨水泥完全硬化后安上股骨柄双极头假体,复位髋关节后未见松动及脱位,放置引流管后逐层关闭切口。术后1 d拔除引流管。     

髋臼重建及股骨转子下短缩截骨全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

 目的 探讨髋臼重建及股骨转子下短缩截骨全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法 2003年9月至2012年9月收治Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者21例(24髋),男3例,女18例;年龄28~71岁,平均(54±10)岁。采用髋臼重建,股骨转子下横行短缩截骨,股骨近端非骨水泥假体全髋关节置换术。髋臼成形后联合自体结构性骨移植修复骨缺损,生物型假体或钛网骨水泥重建髋臼。陶瓷-聚乙烯股骨头臼界面17例(20髋),金属-聚乙烯4例(4髋)。股骨截骨端自体骨移植18例(21髋),异体骨移植原位钢丝捆扎3例(3髋)。术后采用Harris髋关节评分系统评估髋关节功能。结果 3例失访。随访18例(21髋),随访时间0.5~9年,平均3.5年。Harris髋关节评分从术前(47.9±9.1)分提高至术后6个月(88.4±3.5)分。术后髋关节疼痛明显改善,肢体活动度增加,步态接近正常。1例术后并发坐骨神经麻痹,无伤口感染病例。术后6个月X线片均显示髋臼假体骨性覆盖、假体及植骨床压配较好,无髋臼假体松动及植骨块明显吸收,截骨端骨愈合良好。结论 髋臼重建及股骨转子下短缩截骨全髋关节置换适用于Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良,尤其是高龄髋关节高脱位患者。操作相对简单,能够改善肢体不等长,可避免一次性过度肢体延长导致的坐骨神经损伤。     

组配式假体结合转子下横行截骨治疗Crowe Ⅳ型成人发育性髋关节发育不良

[目的]探讨组配式股骨假体(S-ROM)结合股骨转子下截骨治疗Crowe Ⅳ型成人发育性髋关节发育不良的可行性及效果。[方法]本院2010年4月~2013年4月,应用组配式股骨假体(S-ROM)结合转子下横行截骨对12例12髋Crowe Ⅳ型发育性髋关节发育不良患者进行了全髋关节置换手术治疗。平均随访时间为32个月(20~53个月)。通过Harris评分和X线检查对结果进行评价和分析。[结果]Harris评分从术前的平均46.2分提高到术后的平均90.6分。术后下肢延长3~5 cm。术后8个月时复查X线片截骨处均达到完全骨性愈合。有1例于术后第2年发生脱位,手法复位成功。无股神经及坐骨神经损伤病例,无感染及假体松动。[结论]对于CroweⅣ型高脱位的发育性髋关节发育不良患者全髋关节置换手术应用组配式股骨假体结合股骨转子下截骨疗效肯定。     

髋关节强直双髋关节同时置换的探讨

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎晚期引起的髋关节骨性强直双侧髋关节同时置换术的方法和疗效.[方法]对19例(38髋)强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直患者在全麻口插、鼻插下或气管切开插管麻醉下施行双侧同时全生物型全髋关节置换术,手术采用后外侧切口入路,两次截骨后髋臼成形的方法,根据髋关节术前畸形状态调整髋臼及股骨柄角度,安装大一号生物臼、股骨柄假体紧密压配.指导患者早期肌肉及关节功能锻炼.术后均进行了最短1年,最长8年,平均5.5年的随访,对临床疗效及手术相关问题进行探讨.[结果]术后2例出现脱位,经及时手法复位后未再脱位,2髋在扩髓击入假体股骨柄时出现股骨距裂纹骨折,未做特殊处理.6髋发生轻度异位骨化,根据Brooker分期,Ⅰ级3髋,Ⅱ级3髋,病人除感不适外,对功能无明显影响.术后患者均能生活自理.放射学评定骨皮质较术前有明显增粗,骨小梁结构稀疏改善明显.所有患者髋关节主动屈伸活动由术前的0°增加到随访时的平均81°(650～115°),活动度平均达到160.(110°～230°).[结论]强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直双髋关节同时置换可重建患者髋关节,恢复关节功能,提高生存和生活质量.双侧髋关节同时置换有利于双下肢关节功能的协调发展,也可避免两次择期手术间隔时间里因使用不当导致的人工关节损坏,同时能节约患者医药费用又可减轻患者痛苦,利于其他矫形手术开展和负重功能恢复.     

股骨转子下叠加缩短截骨在CroweⅣ型成人髋脱位全髋置换术的应用

目的总结CroweⅣ型成人髋脱位采用股骨转子下叠加缩短截骨行全髋置换术的方法与疗效。方法2000年1月至2003年12月，收治8例（11髋）CroweⅣ型成人髋脱位患者，男3例，女5例；年龄40-57岁，平均48岁；单髋5例，双髋3例；先天性发育不良7例，陈旧性髋关节结核1例。假体臼杯为金属杯＋聚乙烯内衬设计，其中Duraloc（Depuy，Warsaw，USA）8髋，Pressfit SⅡ（LINK，Ger-many）3髋。股骨柄假体采用AML（Depuy，Warsaw，USA）4髋，Summit（Depuy，Warsaw，USA）4髋，Ribbed（LINK，Germany）3髋。假体均采用生物学固定。手术均采用股骨转子下叠加缩短截骨，并附加断端“V”形截骨，其中6髋因最小号股骨柄假体置 入困难，而附加股骨劈开成形术。结果无一例发生感染、脱位等并发症，无一例行臀大肌或臀中、小肌等短肌松解。转子下平均缩短截骨长度为4．5cm（4～6cm），无一例因截骨过短，导致股骨头假体复位困难或坐骨神经牵伸伤；也无一例因截骨过长，导致股骨头假体松弛性脱位。术后X线片示臼杯均位于真臼区，股骨柄假体的初始固定均优良，截骨断端在3～6个月后均骨性愈合。测量显示患肢平均延长3cm（2．5～3．5cm）。随访3～7年，髋关节Harris评分从术前的25～32分改善至1年后的90～98分。无一髋假体显示有X线松动和邻近骨溶解。结论股骨转子下叠加缩短截骨术可用于CroweⅣ型成人髋脱位的全髋置换术治疗。     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the ankylosed hip

Altered biomechanics secondary to hip ankylosis often result in degeneration of the lumbar spine, ipsilateral knee, and contralateral hip and knee. Symptoms in these joints may be reduced with conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) of the ankylosed hip. THA in the ankylosed hip is a technically challenging procedure, and the overall clinical outcome is generally less satisfactory than routine THA performed for osteoarthritis and other etiologies. Functional integrity of the hip abductor muscles is the most important predictor of walking ability following conversion THA. Many patients experience persistent limp, and it can take up to 2 years to fully assess final functional outcome. Risk factors cited for increased risk of failed THA include prior surgical ankylosis and age <50 years at the time of conversion THA.     

Total hip arthroplasty after hip joint ankylosis

Background

Back pain and knee pain are typical secondary degeneration symptoms after hip ankylosis. Take down of hip ankylosis and implantation of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is believed to be a promising treatment option.

Methods

A total of 22 hip ankylosis patients [15 men, mean age 53.7 years (range 30–72 years); 7 women, mean age 50.8 years (range 42–61 years)] underwent THA during 1980–2000 after spontaneous (n = 10) or surgical (n = 12) fusion of the hip joint. The mean duration of ankylosis prior to THA was 32.5 years (range 2–61 years).

Results

At the mean follow-up of 13.2 years (range 2–19 years), the Harris hip score averaged 84.9 points (range 70.1–99.0 points). All patients (100%) confirmed that they would undergo conversion surgery again. Aseptic loosening of two stems (one cemented, one cementless; 9.5%) and two deep infections (9.5%) required revision surgery.

Conclusions

THA is a promising option for treatment of secondary long-term hip ankylosis sequelae. A conversion operation after spontaneous ankylosis provides better functional outcome than after surgical fusion. However, full function with complete pain relief and a negative Trendelenburg sign might be not attainable in all cases.     

Total hip arthroplasty in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocation

We treated 15 patients with chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations at our hospital; all patients sustained the fracture-dislocations in motor vehicle accidents. All presented to our institution more than 6 months after initial treatment at their local hospitals with uncontained femoral heads; all underwent 1-stage total hip arthroplasty with bone grafting. These patients were monitored for a mean of 71.5 months (range, 36-96 months). All patients had significantly decreased pain, increased function, and increased range-of-motion scores using the Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. All grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. There were 2 dislocations, 1 transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 superficial infection. Total hip arthroplasty is effective for relieving pain and restoring function in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations.     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip replacement in the previously septic hip

Total hip replacement was performed in either one or two stages in thirty-three hips with active sepsis. The sepsis had followed hemiarthroplasty in six hips, open reduction with internal fixation of a fracture in eight, cup arthroplasty in one, and total hip replacement in eight hips within six years prior to the second total hip replacement. Ten additional patients had total hip replacement following destruction of the hip joint by hematogenous sepsis in nine and by infection following a shrapnel wound in one. Of these thirty-three patients, twenty-three (70 per cent) reveal no signs of infection at three to nine years after prosthetic replacement. Of the remaining ten in whom an infection developed, six had definite recurrences of the original infection, three were infected with organisms different from the original one, and one was either a local recurrence or reseeding from a persistent pyelonephritis. The success rate when the original organism was gram-positive was 78 per cent, including two of three total hip replacements done in the presence of active infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The success with gram-negative organisms, however, was only 58 per cent. The prosthetic failure rate was highest in patients who had had a previous infection about a total hip replacement (37 per cent) and in patients who had had a previous infection but no prior prosthetic or internal fixation devices (37 per cent). The lowest prosthetic failure rates were in patients with an infected hemiarthroplasty (16 per cent), an infection around an internal fixation device (25 per cent), or an infected cup arthroplasty. A complete and differential blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspiration arthrogram, and radiographs did not effectively predict success or failure. For gram-positive infections, the success rates were similar following either a one or a two-stage procedure. We found that the success rates could be improved by a repeat course of parenteral antibiotics after the total hip replacement even if all preoperative and intraoperative studies failed to identify an infection. Patients with a successful total hip replacement achieved much better functional results than those who had to have a Girdlestone procedure. However, all patients must be carefully assessed prior to reimplantation of a prosthesis because of the high failure rate, especially with gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas having the gravest prognosis), even when the procedure is done in two stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Total hip replacement in the congenitally dysplastic hip

Total hip replacement arthroplasty can relieve pain and improve function for many patients with end-stage arthritis.Patients with congenital hip dysplasia, however, present special problems because of the deformities of the acetabulum and femur.Noncemented porous-coated hemispheric acetabular components available in small sizes, and small, straight-stemmed, cemented, femoral components can be used to deal with the bony deformities and have considerably expanded the success of total hip replacement in such patients.The acetabular dysplasia can be managed in most cases by reaming to the medial wall, inserting small-diameter, porous-coated, acetabular components and stabilizing them with screws to provide rigid initial stability. Small portions of the components can be covered with bone graft chips. If necessary, the acetabular component can be placed more proximal than normal, thus increasing the height of the prosthetic hip center, while restoring the limb length with a longer neck prosthesis. a high total dislocation without the development of an adequate false acetabulum, however, requires trochanteric osteotomy, femoral shortening, placement of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum, and the use of straight-stem femoral components.