消化道出血及缺血性病变的DSA诊断和介入治疗

消化道出血及缺血性病变是临床常遇到的急症，治疗不及时会危及患者的生命。内、外科及内窥镜、常规X线检查往往很难发现出血及缺血部位。选择性动脉造影可及时发现出血部位或缺血部位、内科保守治疗止血困难，外科手术探查盲目性和危险性大。急诊行数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）检查并同时行介入治疗能及时挽救患者生命。回顾性分析DSA检查及介入治疗消化道出血及缺血性病变38例患者，旨在探讨其临床应用价值。现报道如下。     

小肠血管畸形数字减影血管造影的诊断及介入治疗价值

目的：探讨DSA诊断小肠血管畸形的价值。方法：本文分析21例小肠血管畸形患者的临床及DSA特征,其中男性14例,女性7例,所有患者均行肠系膜上、下动脉造影。结果：临床特征：①急性消化道出血为主症状;②常规检查一般为阴性;③血红蛋白含量短期内降至4～6g／mL。DSA特征：①动静脉瘘;②局部肠壁染色增浓;③局部血管异常增多,结构紊乱。其中12例进行了动脉导丝栓塞,2例栓塞后出血,进行外科手术切除。结论：DSA是诊断血管畸形所致小肠出血的最有效的方法,动脉导丝栓塞是安全,有效的治疗方法,同时为外科手术切除提供的正确部位。     

原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的数字减影血管造影特征及急诊动脉栓塞治疗效果

目的探讨原发性肝癌(简称肝癌)自发破裂出血的数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现特征及急诊动脉栓塞的治疗方法和临床疗效。方法收集我院13例经CT检查、B超检查及腹腔穿刺等方法证实为肝癌自发破裂并行急诊肝动脉造影栓塞的病例,分析肝癌破裂出血的DSA造影表现特征,根据DSA显示情况,经肝外寄生动脉或肝动脉急诊介入栓塞治疗,观察临床疗效。结果 13例肝癌破裂出血患者中,10例为真性出血、3例为隐性出血。隐性出血DSA表现为肿瘤周边血管缺损,没有明显造影剂外渗现象。所有患者均成功止血,短期临床效果满意。结论肝癌自发破裂出血有特殊的DSA特征,同时也存在假阴性病例,在临床上应重视。急诊动脉栓塞是治疗肝癌自发破裂出血的有效方法。     

DSA及介入治疗在消化道出血中的诊治价值

[目的]回顾分析41例经数字减影血管造影术(DSA)诊断阳性的消化道出血的病例的诊治情况,探讨DSA在消化道出血中的诊治价值.[方法]回顾分析1990年3月至2006年3 月期间行DSA检查的176例消化道出血病例,其中诊断有阳性发现的41 例,分析其出血部位,发病原因及治疗情况.[结果]41例阳性病例中,胃及十二指肠出血7例,小肠出血23例,结肠出血11例;其中消化道炎症14例,肿瘤9例,血管畸形7例,憩室5例,外伤及术后出血6例.所有病例中,行外科手术治疗17例,内科药物治疗13例,11例经介入栓塞或灌注治疗.[结论]合理的应用DSA对消化道出血诊断有重要价值,其定位定性价值很高,并可以对部分病例进行治疗.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的影像诊断及介入治疗

目的：研究创伤性假性动脉的影象学表现和介入治疗的作用。方法：分析16例创伤性假性动脉手术前CT、MRI、多普勒超声波及动脉造影表现，其中14例手术及病理证实。5例无法手术者行径导管出血动脉弹簧圈栓塞术。结果：假性动脉瘤的影像学特征性表现分别是；多普勒超声显示软组织肿块内动脉性血流、MRI上表现为流空、CT和动脉造影上则示为造影剂外溢。5例无法一期手术者行径导管出血动脉弹簧圈栓塞术，其中4例术后7－10d转行二期血肿清除术，1例胃十二指甩动脉假性动脉瘤经弹簧圈栓塞后无需手术治疗。结论：假性动脉瘤在CT、MRI、多普勒超声波及动脉造影（DSA）影像学检查上具有特征性表现。经导管动脉栓塞术对某些不宜手术的假性动脉瘤治疗不失为一种良好的选择。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗产后大出血

目的：评价子宫动脉栓塞治疗产后大出血的临床价值。材料与方法：本组12例，其中顺产5例，剖宫产7例，所有病例均在DSA监控下，急诊进行髂内动脉造影并行两侧超选择性子宫动脉栓塞，栓塞剂为明胶海绵。结果：栓塞后即刻止血10例，1例栓塞后3小时再出血急诊手术切除子宫，1例栓塞后再出血又一次栓塞后止血，所有病例无严重并发症发生。结论：子宫动脉栓塞治疗产后大出血是一种止血迅速、操作简便、创伤小而安全的方法。     

西门子AXIOM Artis数字减影X线机在肾外伤DSA中摄影参数的探讨

目的：探讨西门子AXIOM Anis数字减影X线机摄影参数(采集参数、血管造影技术参数)在肾外伤DSA中的选择。方法：选择5例。净外伤患者在常规消毒、铺巾、穿刺、插管下,分别行腹主动脉DSA检查和超选择性肾动脉DSA检查。结果：选择适当的数字减影X线机摄影参数行DSA造影检查,准确显示了肾外伤部位、程度、出血灶及其相邻血管的关系。结论：数字减影X线机摄影参数在。肾外伤DSA中的正确选择,对。净外伤性肾内动脉的影像显示、净外伤的诊疗及患者的安全性,具有重要意义。     

DSA成像技术在消化道出血诊疗中的应用55例分析

目的：探讨DSA成像技术在消化道出血诊疗中的应用。方法：选择合适的数字减影血管造影（DSA）技术参数,对55例消化道出血患者行腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肠系膜下动脉数字减影血管造影检查,根据情况对部分患者行超选择性DSA检查。结果：55例中,31例获得满意的DSA检查效果,出血部位和原因诊断清楚,通过介入治疗成功地达到了止血目的;24例未能明确诊断消化道出血。结论：良好的DSA成像质量是消化道出血诊断与治疗的保证。     

DSA技术在消化道出血诊疗中的应用探讨

目的：探讨DSA技术在消化道出血诊断及治疗中的应用。方法：回顾性分析我院1996年7月－2001年5月消化道出血行DSA病例49例。结果：DSA检查阳性发现34例，明确了出血动脉、出血原因，采用相应的治疗方法如明胶海绵或加钢圈，垂体后叶素灌注等。结论：DSA对消化道出血有重要的诊断价值。     

数字减影血管造影对不明原因消化道出血的诊断和治疗价值

目的:探讨数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)对不明原因消化道出血病例的诊断和治疗价值。方法:回顾性分析67例因不明原因的消化道出血行DSA的患者的临床资料。DSA采用Seldinger技术,行肠系膜下动脉、肠系膜上动脉、腹腔动脉造影,分析造影征象以对出血部位和病因作出诊断。根据不同出血原因采用栓塞、药物收缩血管等方法进行介入治疗,并对外科手术治疗的病例采用导丝或导管进行术前定位。结果:DSA检测出血病灶的阳性率为43.3%,其中小肠出血占37.9%,结肠出血占62.1%。手术和造影证实,肿瘤性出血8例(27.6%),非肿瘤出血21例(72.4%),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:DSA对不明原因消化道出血有较好的诊断和治疗价值;并且在造影中发现出血部位后置入标记物,可以为手术中寻找病变部位提供很有效的定位标记。     

动脉内药物灌注或／和栓塞对消化道出血的治疗价值

本文对75例出血原因不明消化系疾病患者(食管胃底静脉曲张出血6例、胆道出血9例、其它原因上消化道出血15例、小肠出血29例、结肠出血11例)施行了经动脉血管造影检查,不仅明确了诊断,而且经药物灌注(垂体后叶素等)或/和栓塞治疗达到了止血目的。这表明经动脉血管造影系一种重要的诊治手段。     

Arteriography after embolization before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection

Objective: To evaluate hemodynamics by arteriographic examinations with and without CT in the stomach wall and liver after preoperative embolization to redistribute blood flow to the stomach and liver, which is unified to be supplied from the superior mesenteric artery, before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP-CAR). Material and methods: In six patients with locally advanced cancer of the pancreatic body in whom DP-CAR was planned, the left gastric artery and common hepatic artery were embolized with coils. Celiac arteriography and superior mesenteric arteriography with and without CT were performed after embolization. Results: In all six patients, intrahepatic arteries and the left gastric artery were not visualized on celiac arteriography. On both superior mesenteric arteriography and CT obtained while contrast medium was infused via the superior mesenteric artery and which was performed immediately after embolization procedures, the right gastric artery, gastroepiploic artery, gastroduodenal artery, and all hepatic arterial branches were clearly detected. Also the distal part of the left gastric artery close to the embolized point was detected with at least one of the imaging modalities. Conclusion: It was clarified radiologically that preoperative embolization results in increased blood supply to the stomach wall and liver through the pancreatic arcade.     

肝动脉的X线解剖学研究与肝癌的介入治疗

目的　研究肝动脉的X线解剖形态与变异 ,旨在指导肝癌的介入治疗。方法　 5 0 0例肝癌动脉栓塞前常规腹腔动脉造影 ,对疑有肝动脉变异的作肠系膜上动脉或腹主动脉造影 ,分析DSA图像。结果　肝动脉典型分布 3 64例 (72 .8% ) ,肝固有动脉走行与肝总动脉呈钝角 62 .4% ,直角 13 .0 % ,锐角 2 4.6%。肝动脉变异 13 6例 (2 7.2 % ) ,其中肝总动脉变异 3 0例 (占 6.0 % ) ,无典型肝固有动脉 3 2例 (占 6.4% ) ,肝动脉异位至肠系膜上动脉 5 6例 (占 5 3 .9% ) ,异位至胃左动脉2 9例 (占 2 7.9% )。结论　熟悉肝动脉的X线解剖形态与变异 ,才能确保肝癌动脉栓塞的准确性和彻底性。     

Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography and uterine artery arteriography of fibroids: assessment of changes in vascularity before and after embolization.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of three-dimensional color Doppler sonography and uterine artery arteriography in depicting changes in fibroid vascularity before and after embolization. METHODS: Preembolization and postembolization three-dimensional color Doppler sonography and selective uterine artery arteriography were retrospectively compared in 15 patients who underwent uterine artery embolization for treatment of symptomatic fibroids. Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography was performed by using a scanner with color power angiographic imaging capability. Vascularity was quantified by using an estimation of power-weighted pixel density as described by our group in previously published studies. Uterine artery arteriography was performed by using a standard selective microcatheter embolization technique. For purposes of comparison, fibroids were classified as either hypervascular or hypovascular relative to myometrial vascularity before and minutes to several hours after uterine artery embolization. Changes in fibroid vascularity (i.e., from hypervascular to hypovascular) as depicted by three-dimensional color Doppler sonography were compared with those shown on uterine artery arteriography and classified as being in agreement or disagreement. RESULTS: In 13 (87%) of 15 patients there was agreement; in 2 (13%) of 15 there was disagreement. In both cases of disagreement, three-dimensional color Doppler sonography showed collateral flow not depicted by uterine artery arteriography The mean reduction in quantitated vascularity after uterine artery embolization was 44% (range, 19%-78%). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography accurately depicts fibroid vascularity and in some cases can reveal collateral flow not depicted by uterine artery arteriography.     

3D-DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断与血管内栓塞治疗中的应用

目的探讨3D-DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断和血管内栓塞治疗中的应用价值。方法采用DSA或3D-DSA脑血管造影检查疑似颅内动脉瘤患者32例,根据造影结果决定治疗方案。结果共发现28例33个颅内动脉瘤。其中20例颅内动脉瘤进行了血管内栓塞治疗。14例用可解脱铂金弹簧圈(GDC)行动脉瘤栓塞术,6例用可脱性球囊行颈内动脉闭塞术。结论3D-DSA极大提高了脑血管造影检查的准确性和可靠性,也为动脉瘤的栓塞治疗提供了可靠保障。具有准确、安全和操作方便的特点,有很高的临床实用价值。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像定位诊断硬脊膜动静脉瘘供血动脉及瘘口的应用初探

目的评价64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在定位诊断脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)供血动脉及瘘口的应用价值。方法24例经MRI诊断为SDAVF的患者随机分A、B两组。A组12例患者在DSA检查前行64层CTA检查,应用曲面重建技术,定位诊断硬脊膜动静瘘的供血动脉及瘘口,观察引流静脉在椎管内的分布状况,评估脊膜动静脉瘘累积脊髓的范围。B组为对照组,常规进行DSA检查,不进行CTA检查。A、B两组造影时间、对比剂用量、造影次数以及术后并发症进行对比分析。以DSA为金标准,计算CTA诊断的敏感度和特异度。结果A组12例全部完成造影,B组2例未完成造影。A/B两组患者平均造影时间47/92min,对比剂用量86/174ml,造影次数14/29次,术后并发症1/5例。CTA对供血动脉及瘘口诊断的敏感度为100%(12/12)、特异度为83.3%(10/12)。结论64层螺旋CTA定位诊断硬脊膜动静脉瘘供血动脉及瘘口为DSA检查提供了直观的影像资料,缩短了检查时间,减少了对比剂用量及曝光次数,降低了造影术后的并发症,是DSA检查前必要的辅助检查。     

上消化道大出血的急诊介入治疗

目的：探讨上消化道大出血急诊介入治疗时机、方法和急诊止血的效果。方法：65例上消化道大出血的患者行介入治疗，根据腹腔造影的表现选用出血动脉的栓塞或行经颈内静脉肝内门体静脉分流（TIPSS）。分析行介入治疗的时机、造影表现、治疗方法及其疗效。结果：65例患者中，行动脉栓塞42例，TIPSS治疗19例，2例继续内科治疗，2例转外科治疗。随访1月，TIPSS治疗后再出血1例，栓塞后再出血2例；介入治疗后无死亡患者；无介入治疗相关并发症。结论：急诊上消化道出血的介入治疗，止血效果好，死亡率低，患者创伤小。     

血管造影CT在肝海绵状血管瘤介入治疗中的应用

目的:利用CT造影及VR重建技术探讨肝海绵状血管瘤血供方式,借以指导临床选择适当的介入方法,并预测单纯肝动脉栓塞术(HAE)的远期疗效。材料与方法:肝脏海绵状血管瘤患者11例,共26个病灶。每位患者均行CTA、CTAP及常规DSA造影。以肝固有动脉DSA为金标准,对CT三维重建图像进行评估,并评定肿瘤血管。结果:本研究26个病灶均见肝动脉分支进入肿瘤内;所有病灶均无门静脉分支进入瘤体的直接证据。VR重建与DSA图像有很好的符合率。结论:血管造影CT基础上的VR三维重建对HAE选择靶血管具有重要的指导意义。利用VR重建图像,结合肝固有动脉及间接门静脉DSA图像可以推测单纯HAE的远期疗效。     

Bleeding source identification and treatment in brain arteriovenous malformations

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients who initially present with intracerebral haemorrhage may have an identifiable source of bleeding on angiogram, which can be a treatment target. Previous work suggests that the re-bleed rate may be lowered if a weak area is eliminated.A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who presented over a six-year period with a bled AVM. Cases were reviewed looking for the source of the hemorrhage by correlating haematoma location on CT or MRI and any angio-architectural weakness seen on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Neuroendovascular notes were reviewed to identify the treatment targets. One hundred patients presented with a brain AVM with a 1.7:1 male: female ratio, 41 patients had an initial presentation of hemorrhage. The source of hemorrhage was identified in 18 subjects with 11 intranidal false aneurysms, five flow-related aneurysms, two associated aneurysms and one venous pouch. The location of haemorrhage on the presenting scan significantly correlated with the identified bleeding source using Chi-square analysis (P-value 0.039). Partial targeted embolization was used successfully in 90% with a 9% related technical complication rate not resulting in long-term morbidity or mortality. The mean follow-up period was 34 months with an annual hemorrhage rate of 0.7%. In just under half the patients with AVM bleeding a source of haemorrhage can be identified on DSA and in most cases this will be an intranidal false aneurysm. Flow-related and associated aneurysms in patients with brain AVM can cause haemorrhage and these patients are more likely to have SAH than intracerebral haemorrhage.These weak points are a good target for partial endovascular treatment, are usually accessible and may reduce the higher haemorrhage rate expected over the next two years.