上海市1990—1994年放射工作人员外照射个人剂量水…

作者提出了一种应用联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会１９８２年报告中推荐的放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果的几个参量：个人年平均剂量当量、年集体剂量当量和个人剂量当量大于１５ｍＳｖ人员年集体剂量当量与总年集体剂量当量的比值ＭＲ１５的新方法。并以这种方法评价上海市放射工作个员外照射个人剂量水平。结果表明在１９９０￣１９９４年期间上海市放射工作人员个人剂量年平均剂量当量在０．４０￣４．０４ｍＳｖ，低于国家标准所     

放疗工作人员职业外照射个人剂量监测结果

放疗工作人员职业外照射个人剂量监测是放射卫生防护监测中重要的手段之一,也是评价辐射防护有效程度、辐射安全以及辐射所致健康影响的重要标准指标。本文作者总结分析了1989年至1998年,放疗区个人剂量质量控制和监测结果。一、质量控制在放疗科成立放射防护领导小组。组织工作人员学习《放射工作人员个人剂量监测规定》和有关放射防护法律法规文件。定期检查放射防护安全,个人剂量计佩带情况,发表1　放疗区工作人员历年个人剂量监测结果年份监测人数年剂量当量频数分布(人数)<5ｍＳｖ5ｍＳｖ～15ｍＳｖ～50ｍＳｖ～个人年均剂量当量(ｍＳ…     

襄樊市1998年放射工作人员外照射个人剂量水平

放射工作人员个人剂量监测是放射卫生监测管理工作中的重要内容,它可较准确地反映放射工作人员的受照剂量,了解放射工作场所及防护设备的防护效果,并可为放射损伤的临床诊断提供依据。我站自1998年1月初至1998年12月底对市区254名放射工作人员进行了个人剂量监测,结果见表1。由表1可看出254名放射工作人员中,242表1　襄樊市1998年放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果工种监测人数人数分布<5ｍＳｖ5ｍＳｖ～15ｍＳｖ～50ｍＳｖ～人均年剂量当量(ｍＳｖ)医用Ｘ线诊断20919642172医用Ｘ、γ射线治疗18　18-　-　-　066　核医学1010---046工业探伤1717…     

包钢含钍粉作业工人恶性肿瘤死亡队列研究

为了弄清吸含钍粉尘是否可导致恶性肿瘤死亡率的增加，我们对包钢的全部接触粉尘者进行了１７年的全死因队列调查，累积１１１２８６人年，其中暴露组成员占７４８２７人年，平均肺累积剂量２１．７ｍＳｖ，累积γ照射剂量当量在０．０１－７５ｍＳｖ之间，全死因分析结果：恶性肿瘤占第一位死因，白血病和肺癌的ＲＲ分别是６．１３是１．２４，Ｐ＞０．０５；ＳＭＲ分别是３．０６和１．５５。经剂量分组分析未发现它们的８增加与中     

包钢含钍粉尘作业工人恶性肿瘤死亡队列研究

为了弄清吸入含钍粉尘是否可导致恶性肿瘤死亡率的增加，我们对包钢的全部接触粉尘者进行了１７年的全死因队列调查．累积１１１２８６人年，其中暴露组成员占７４８２７人年，平均肺累积剂量２１．７ｍＳｖ，累积γ照射剂量当量在０．０１～７５ｍＳｖ之间．全死因分析结果：恶性肿瘤占第一位死因，白血病和肺癌的ＲＲ分别是６．１３和１．２４，Ｐ＞０．０５；ＳＭＲ分别是３．０６（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１．５５（Ｐ＞０．０５）．经剂量分组分析未发现它们的增加与吸入钍尘或γ外照射有关联．肺癌的增加与吸烟有关，白血病死亡率的增加可能存在着除辐射以外的其它诱发因素，有待进一步探讨．     

科工委医用诊断X射线工作人员个人剂量评价

放射工作人员个人剂量监测可以真实地反映放射工作人员接受剂量情况及工作场所的防护水平，以便更好地改进放射防护条件，确保放射工作人员的健康与安全；同时也为放射损伤诊断及制定适合我国国情的放射卫生防护标准提供可靠的依据［１］。为此，从１９９０～１９９６年我...     

本溪钢铁公司矿山天然放射性水平研究

本溪钢铁公司矿山天然放射性水平研究井春岩，张志兴联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（ＵＮＳ－ＣＥＡＲ）１９８２年报告指出（ｌ），天然辐射源对居民产生的年有效剂量当量为２．４ＶＳｙ．其中，外照射为０．ｓｍｓｖ，内照射为１．６ｍｓ、。因此，对天然放射性水平进行...     

CEC对放射诊断摄影影像的质量评价研究进展

ＣＥＣ对放射诊断摄影影像的质量评价研究进展尉可道放射诊断学已有１００多年历史，遗憾的是对影像质量至今还没有一个被世界公认的说法［１］。目前，在世界范围内每年接受Ｘ线检查的受检者高达１６亿人次，所受到的年集体有效剂量高达１６０万人Ｓｖ，从事放射诊断的工...     

广东大亚湾核电站运行前深圳市环境辐射水平及其所致居民剂量

目的调查广东大亚湾核电站运行前深圳市的环境辐射水平及其所致居民剂量。方法外照射调查使用ＲＳＳ－１１１高压电离室，ＦＤ－７１闪烁仪测定空气吸收剂量率或照射量率，用ＴＬＤ，ＬｉＦ（Ｍｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐ）热释光剂量元件测定累积剂量。结果宇宙射线空气吸收剂量为２．９×１０－８Ｇｙ／ｈ，地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率为：室外１０．８×１０－８Ｇｙ／ｈ，室内１３．４×１０－８Ｇｙ／ｈ；室内外空气中氡平均活度分别为２６．８Ｂｑ／ｍ３和１３．４Ｂｑ／ｍ３。结论由天然本底辐射所致公众人均年有效剂量约为１．６７ｍＳｖ，天然辐射所致全市公众集体年有效剂量为１．５４×１０３人·Ｓｖ·ａ－１。     

辽宁省放射工作人员外照射个人剂量监测

为控制职业照射的剂量水平,我省从1986年起采用热释光剂量测定方法开展全省性放射工作人员个人剂量监测。剂量监测元件是硅酸镁(Tb)和硫酸钙(Tm)。监测周期为3个月,每年测四次。1987年底,有8个市报告了4158名人员的有效监测数据.这些人员中,男性3343名,女性815名。他们分布在12种专业中,其中医用X线诊断2338名,工业探伤1301人,两者总和占总人数的87.5%。各种职业人员的年剂量当量在0.09～6.86mSv内,平均年剂量当量1.60mSv。有83人的年剂量当量达15mSv以上。总集体剂量当量为6.7man·sv。94.4%的放射工作人员年剂量当量低于年剂量限值的十分之一。这些结果表示我省放射工作人员率的工作场所防护效果较好,人员工作安全。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.