Stimulation of the immune system with polyvinylpyrrolidone in patients with cancer of the larynx

Clinico-immunologic studies showed recurrence and metastatic spread to involve disorders in the synthesis of serum and, particularly, secretory immunoglobulins (M, As) in radically-treated cases of laryngeal cancer. Polyvinylpyrrolidone challenge was intended to stimulate the predominant synthesis of IgM in the blood and, particularly, saliva of the patients. Recurrence and metastatic spread incidence decreased three-fold within 4 years as a result of preoperative intratonsillary immunization with polyvinylpyrrolidone (mol. wt. 40,000).     

Survival of patients with melanoma of the lower extremity decreases with distance from the trunk

BACKGROUND: Early stage melanoma of the lower extremity is generally associated with a favorable prognosis. However, several retrospective studies have suggested that melanoma on the foot portends poor survival. The authors hypothesized that the region of the lower extremity has prognostic importance. METHODS: Between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 1991, 652 patients were seen at the John Wayne Cancer Institute for a primary melanoma on the foot (92 patients), calf (336 patients), or thigh (224 patients). All patients had clinically or histopathologically negative regional lymph nodes. The duration of follow-up after first diagnosis was 9 -302 months, with a minimum of 6 years for survivors. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Pearson chi-square test was used to test differences associated with the regional site of the lower-extremity melanoma. The log rank test was used for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified regional site, gender, Breslow depth, Clark level, and age at diagnosis as significant for both overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) (P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed regional site as an independent prognostic variable for OS (P = 0.0002) and DFS (P = 0.0005). Ten-year rates of OS and DFS were 71% and 66%, respectively, for patients with foot melanomas, compared with 92% and 87% for those with calf melanomas and 95% and 94% for those with thigh melanomas. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for patients with primary melanoma of the lower extremity is affected by the distance of the lesion from the trunk. Thus, distal (foot) lesions carry a higher risk than thigh lesions. This difference should be considered as a covariate when stratifying patients in clinical trials.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年人肺癌

[目的]观察吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)联合顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)治疗老年人中晚期肺癌的临床疗效和不良反应.[方法]将79例老年人中晚期肺癌患者随机分为A、B两组,A组42例用GP方案(Gemcitabine 800mg/m2,iv,d1-8,DDP 30mg/m2,ivgtt,d1-3),B组37例用EP方案(VP-16 100mg,ivgtt,d1-5,DDP 30mg/m2,ivgtt,d1-3),将两组疗效及毒副反应进行比较.[结果]A组总有效率57.14%,B组总有效率27.03%,两组疗效比较.有显著性差异(P＜0.01).白细胞减少及其他副反应两组相近,血小板下降A组较多,但卡方检验.无显著差异(P＞0.25).[结论]GP方案治疗老年人中晚期肺癌疗效确切,多数患者耐受性好,值得临床推广应用.     

侵犯膈肌T4期贲门癌的预后分析

目的分析侵犯膈肌T4期贲门癌患者的预后情况。方法回顾性分析654例贲门腺癌患者的临床病理资料。按照胃癌分期系统进行分期,选取Ⅳ期（T4N1～2M0,T1～4N3M0,任何T任何NM1）贲门癌患者,分析并对比T4N1～2M0贲门癌患者与其余Ⅳ期贲门癌患者的生存情况,分析并对比T4N1～2M0贵门癌患者中侵犯膈肌患者与非侵犯膈肌患者的生存情况．结果Ⅳ期贲门癌患者197例,其中T4N1～2M0患者34例（17．3％）。T4N1～2M0患者与其余Ⅳ期患者生存率存在显著性差异（P=0．010）,3年生存率分别为25．0％、7．9％。T4N1-2M0患者中仅侵犯膈肌患者与非侵犯膈肌患者生存率存在显著性差异（P=0．001）,3年生存率分别为46．2％,10．5％。T4N1～2M0患者中非侵犯膈肌患者与Ⅳ期患者生存率不存在显著性差异（P=0．723）。结论T4N1-2M0贲门癌患者预后优于其余Ⅳ期贲门癌患者,其中以仅侵犯膈肌患者的预后较佳．     

老年食管瘤和贲门癌合并心电图异常外科治疗83例分析

评价老年食管癌和贲门癌合并心电图异常对外科手术的影响。方法：作者经手术治疗65岁以上老年食管癌和贲门癌共138例，其中术前合并心电图异常者83例，占60．1％（83／138）；术前除左束支传导阻滞、广泛性心肌供血不足、陈旧性及亚急性心肌梗塞患者给予7－10天心脏保护性药物治疗外，余均未作任何特殊性治疗。结果：术后共发生井发症9例次，占10．8％（9／83），其中心跳骤停1例次，急性心肌梗塞1例次，重度房颤2例次，胸胃局灶性坏死穿孔5例次，均经抢救性（和／或手术）治疗痊愈，本组无死亡者。结论：老年食管癌和贲门癌患者合并心电图异常，并不一定是心功能异常，并不一定影响外科手术治疗。     

血小板增高与胃癌患者预后关系研究

目的:研究胃癌患者术前血小板计数与其手术后预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院1995年1 月至1999年12月间,经手术治疗的胃癌初治患者782 例临床资料并进行随访,比较血小板增高情况对患者生存预后的影响,应用Kaplan-Meier 法进行生存分析并行Log-rank 检验,Cox 多因素回归分析患者血小板增高及其他临床因素对预后的影响。结果:本组胃癌患者血小板增高发生率为11.4%（89/782）,血小板增高发生率在不同性别、临床分期及组织分化之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,仅在不同年龄之间差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。 无血小板升高与血小板升高的患者1、3、5 年生存率分别为75.0%vs 52.8%（P<0.01）、40.1% vs 16.9%（P<0.01）、28.9% vs 13.5%（P=0.002）。 单因素分析显示,临床组织分化类型、病理分期、手术方式显著影响患者生存,而年龄、性别对生存期无显著影响。进一步多因素分析显示,临床分期、手术方式及血小板计数是影响预后的独立因素,血小板升高的患者相对危险度（RR=1.454,95%CI:1.135～1.861,P=0.005）表明血小板升高患者死亡危险为血小板无升高者的1.454 倍。结论:血小板增高是影响胃癌初治患者生存的独立预后因素。      

STUDY OF RADIOIMMUNOIMAGING WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST THE PATIENTS WITH SCLC

It is an Innovative way to diagnose with cancer with monoclonal antibody (MAb) in vivo. 1-3 After proving MAb 2F7 (IgG2a) had a higher affinity and better specificity to human small cell lung cancer cells in vitro, 4.5 and gave a very clear cut γ- camera pictures for the xenografts of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) born by nude mice, 6 the possibility of clinical radioimmunoimaging was studied with the MAb 2F7 and its fragment F (ab') 2.     

Problems with the Clinical Staging of Carcinoma of the Cervix

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system for carcinoma of the cervix divides patients into groups with differing mean survival rates but ignores important prognostic variables, such as tumor size and lymph node involvement, that are used by clinicians to select patients for different treatment approaches. The influence that this may have on our ability to interpret the clinical literature as well as ambiguities introduced by the staging system itself and by some clinicians' failure to adhere to the rules for clinical staging are discussed.     

双磷酸盐药物所致下颌骨坏死研究进展

下颌骨坏死是一种罕见的并发症,被报道曾发生于接受过放疗、化疗及其他肿瘤治疗等多种治疗方法的癌症患者.双磷酸盐是一种强有力的破骨细胞抑制剂,主要用于Paget＇s病、骨质疏松症、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性肿瘤高钙血症、乳腺癌和前列腺癌骨转移.近年来,有关含氮双磷酸盐（帕米磷酸和唑来磷酸）相关性骨坏死的报道日渐增多,其作用机理目前尚不明确.现就双磷酸盐药物致下颌骨坏死的可能作用机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预防等相关内容作一综述.     

Comparing the cost of adjuvant anastrozole with the benefits of managing less patients with relapsed breast cancer

Prescribing anastrozole instead of tamoxifen increases initial adjuvant drug costs but there is an eventual saving as fewer patients will relapse. The effect of this saving depends on an accurate understanding of the cost of breast cancer relapse. We identified 232 patients relapsing between March 2000 and 2005. Seventy-seven were randomly selected for analysis of their entire hospital and community management costs from the date of relapse until death, or the end of the evaluation period (01/01/07). The mean cost per patient was ￡25,186 (95% CI ￡13,705–￡33,821). The median survival from time of relapse was 40.07 months (range 0.5–73 months) and median total cost per patient was ￡31,402.62. Equating this figure with the difference in relapse rate (4.1%), initial drug cost (￡4,773) gives an extra cost of ￡17,244/life year saved. This was the first adjuvant cost effectiveness analysis which included the community management activity of a subsequent relapse.     

DETECTION OF LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY IN THE RB GENE IN THE PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CARCINOMA WITH PCR—VNTR

Retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB) was the first tumor suppressor gene found and cloned. It was believed that the deletion and inactivation of RB gene played an important role in the multistep process of outgrowth and progression of gastric carcinoma[1]. In previous research the mutation of RB was usually detected with PCR-RFLP, which needs purified DNA and is difficult in separating fragments with less difference. We presented a simple and rapid technique based on PCR and agaros…     

双磷酸盐药物所致下颌骨坏死研究进展

下颌骨坏死是一种罕见的并发症,被报道曾发生于接受过放疗、化疗及其他肿瘤治疗等多种治疗方法的癌症患者.双磷酸盐是一种强有力的破骨细胞抑制剂,主要用于Paget's病、骨质疏松症、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性肿瘤高钙血症、乳腺癌和前列腺癌骨转移.近年来,有关含氮双磷酸盐(帕米磷酸和唑来磷酸)相关性骨坏死的报道日渐增多,其作用机理目前尚不明确.现就双磷酸盐药物致下颌骨坏死的可能作用机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预防等相关内容作一综述.     

Association of the Epstein-Barr virus with lymphoepithelioma of the thymus

A 30-year-old woman with the histologic diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma of the thymus is reported on. Investigation of Epstein-Barr serology showed evidence of infection, and Southern blot analysis showed the presence of the viral genome in the tumor specimen. The patient achieved complete remission after treatment with combination chemotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplant, and radiotherapy. These findings suggest that lymphoepithelioma of the thymus may have a viral pathogenesis similar to that of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

Reading the prognosis of the individual with breast cancer

The well-established Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) places patients with primary breast cancer into Prognostic Groups with significantly differing survivals. However, mean survival of two adjacent groups may differ by a maximum of 22%, so that patients with NPI’s with only a 0.1 difference but lying in different prognostic groups may apparently have large differences in prognosis, whereas two patients lying in the same NPI group but with NPI’s differing by 0.9 are given the same prognoses.AimTo obtain better survival estimates for the individual than is provided by placement in an NPI group.MethodConsecutive primary operable breast cancers treated at Nottingham City Hospital 1990–1999. Ten year % actuarial survivals plotted for 10 ranges of NPI from 2.0 to 6.9. There is an excellent inverse correlation between median NPI value for each range and survival at 10 years. To enable estimation of survival for all individual values of NPI, a curve fitting technique applied to these results (by G.B.) gave the formula to estimate survival from the individual’s NPI score: 10 year % survival for the individual = −3.0079 × NPI² + 12.30 × NPI + 83.84. This gave an r² of 0.98.Results and conclusionGreater accuracy in individual survival prediction is obtained by dividing women into 10 groups by NPI scores than in the originally described six groups; rank order of survival in relation to NPI score is preserved. A curve fitting technique has been applied to these data to give a formula for the prediction of 10 year survival for every 0.1 value of NPI.