平板运动试验的心率校正ST段下移指标对冠心病的预测价值

目的：探讨平板运动试验中ST段下移、△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率预测冠心病的价值。方法：对已行冠脉造影检查并在造影前有平板运动试验资料的120例患者资料进行分析。研究ST段下移、△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性。结果：120例患者冠脉造影阳性者66例。ST段下移、△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率的（敏感性和特异性）分别为（69．7％、72．2％）、（92．4％、88．9％）和（93．9％、90．7％）。冠心病组△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率敏感性、特异性均显著高于非冠心病组（P〈0．01）。结论：平板运动试验中采用心率校正的ST段指标能提高对冠心病的诊断价值。     

活动平板运动试验QT离散度对冠心病诊断的意义

目的：探讨活动平板运动试验的QT离散度对冠心病诊断的意义。方法：30例正常人和27例冠心病人进行活动平板运动试验,测定运动前和运动高峰和QT离散度（QTd)及校正QT离散度（QTcd)。结果：正常人群运动前后QTd及QTcd无差别,而冠心病患运动后QTd和QTcd较运动前明显增大。结论：运动后QT离散度增大是反映冠心病心肌缺血的重要指标,运动后QTd,QTcd增大结合ST段偏移可增加对冠心病诊断的敏感性。     

运动负荷试验中心电图QT离散度和缺血性ST段下移对冠心病的诊断价值

目的 分析心电图平板运动负荷试验中QT离散度(QTd)及ST段变化对冠心病的诊断价值。方法 观察158例经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的患者及96例平板运动试验阴性的健康者QTd与ST段的变化。结果 冠心病组较对照组QTd明显延长(P<0.05),其延长程度与心电图ST段压低程度相关,QTd≥60ms对冠心病诊断的准确性优于传统的ST段诊断标准。结论 心电图平板运动试验QT离散度的变化可成为临床诊断及治疗冠心病的新指标。     

运动平板试验ST/HR斜率和心率恢复环在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的探讨运动平板试验中ST／HR斜率和心率恢复环在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法选择2006年1月至2007年6月于我科拟诊冠心病，接受运动平板试验的患者118例，应用Cornell方案，分别测定传统ST段指标、ST／HR斜率、心率恢复环，与1周内冠状动脉造影结果相比较，判断三种运动平板试验诊断指标对冠心病诊断的价值。结果ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性为86．25％，特异性为89．47％，心率恢复环敏感性为81．25％，特异性为92．10％，两种指标的敏感性均明显高于传统ST段指标（56．25％，P〈0．05），特异性与传统ST段指标相比（86．84％），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论ST／HR斜率和心率恢复环在冠心病诊断中较传统ST段下移诊断标准有较高的敏感性。     

运动负荷心肌灌注SPECT显像与心电图各参数对冠心病诊断价值分析

目的 为评价运动试验中ΔQTr、QRS时限变化、最大ST／HR斜率及单纯ST段压低对冠心病的诊断价值，选择20例作运动心肌灌注SPECT患。结果 4项参数诊断冠心病，最大ST／HR斜率敏感度、准确度较好；ΔQTr特异性、准确性较好；而RS时限变化仅特异性较常规ST压低略优。     

平板运动试验最大ST／HR斜率与核素心肌显像的对照分析

为分析平板运动试验最大ST/HR斜率对冠心病的诊断价值,44例受检者于平板运动试验后6个月内进行运动~(99m)Tc-MIBISPECT心肌显像。结果冠心病者14例,无冠心病者30例。无冠心病者最大ST/HR斜率为0.85±0.99μV/次/min,其95％上界为2.48μV/次/min,取≥2.50μV/次/min为冠心病的诊断标准,其敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为78.6％、90.0％和86.4％。     

运动试验时QT间期离散度诊断冠心病的价值

目的探讨QT离散度（QTd）在运动试验中的变化,及其对冠心病心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法 68例临床诊断或疑诊为冠心病的患者先后行平板运动试验（简称运动试验）及冠状动脉造影（简称冠脉造影）检查。结果 47例运动试验阳性者中30例确诊为冠心病;21例运动试验阴性者中19例冠状动脉正常。冠心病组与冠脉正常组运动前、中、后QTd分别为42.38±19.28 ms、70.58±19.45 ms、50.14±13.56 ms及31.18±6.25 ms、30.01±9.05 ms、28.24±8.12 ms,两者比较,p均〈0.01。冠心病组运动前、后与运动中QTd比较,差异有显著性,p〈0.005;而冠脉正常组QTd变化无显著性。以运动中QTd≥60 ms为异常,诊断冠心病的敏感性为90.9%、特异性100%、准确性94.9%。结论提示运动试验中QTd增加可作为诊断冠心病心肌缺血的敏感而特异的指标。     

活动平板试验中收缩压恢复比对冠心病的预测价值

目的：研究活动平板试验中收缩压恢复比（rSBP）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：99例患者接受活动平板试验和冠状动脉造影,分为冠心病组（56例,冠脉造影阳性）、高血压病组（18例,冠脉造影阴性）和对照组（25例,冠脉造影阴性）,对比分析rSBP和ST／HR斜率对冠心病的诊断价值。结果：冠心病组、高血压病组3minrSBP值[（0．94±0．09）、（0．80±0．10）]显著高于对照组的（0．74±0．06）,分别P〈0．01,〈0．05。rSBP诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89．3％、76．7％、特异性、准确性分别为90．7％、90．3％、94．2％。结论：斜率可提高诊断的特异性和准确性。83．3％,联合rSBP和ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性、rSBP可作为诊断冠心病的无创指标之一,联合ST／HR     

食管心房调搏负荷试验心率校正ST段变化对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：探讨经食管心房调搏负荷试验（TEAPT）心率校正ST段变化对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：观察55例正常对照组和38例冠心病组患者的试验结果，测定每一时点心电图ST段压低值，计算最大ST／HR斜率和ΔST／HR指数，并比较其与传统ST段压低标准的诊断效能。结果：正常组最大ST／HR斜率、ΔST／HR指数和ST段标准的95％上限值分别为1．1μV／次／min、0．77μV/次／min和70μV，以此为界限值，最大ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性，准确性显著大于传统ST段压低标准（P＜0．05）。结论：食管心房调搏负荷试验无创、安全、经济，最大ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病具有较高的准确性。     

运动试验的应用进展

作者综述了运动试验中心电图各项指标如 QTd,ST- V,ptfv1 ,ST/ HR,S- Tc诊断冠心病的临床意义及影响因素 ,介绍了运动试验与超声心动图和核素心肌显像相结合的临床应用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.