Relationship between expression of ER,PR, Her-2, Ki-67 and neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect in breast cancer

Objective： The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of estrogen receptor （ER）, progestogen receptor （PR）, human epidermal growth factor receptor （Her-2）, Ki-67 and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods： The expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 in 45 breast cancers which received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results： The effective rates in ER negative and PR negative groups were higher than those in ER positive and PR positive groups （83.3% vs 59. 4%, 82.4% vs 60.6%）. There was no significant difference of the effective rate between Her-2 overexpressed group and Her-2 non-overexpressed group （81.8% vs 64.1%）, and the same thing happened between Ki-67 negative group and Ki-67 positive group （67.7% vs 63.2%）. Conclusion： In the patients with breast cancer, ER, PR negative ones were more sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These patients may get more benefits from chemotherapy. ER, PR could be feasible markers for predicting the effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

Expression and significance of ER and PR in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between expressions of estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR） and gender, age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, capsular invasion and histological type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma （DTC）. Methods： Seventy cases of DTC who received surgery in our hospital （No. 401 Hospital of People＇s Liberation Army, Qingdao, China） between January 2008 and December 2011 were selected. Among them, 61 cases were papillary carcinoma and 9 cases were follicular carcinoma. Twenty cases were normal thyroid tissue adjacent to the tumor which was used as control. Immunohistochemical SP method was employed to detect the expression of ER and PR. Results： The positive rates of ER and PR in tumor tissues of DTC patients were 21.4% （15/70） and 31.4% （22/70）, respectively, and no expression of ER or PR were founded in normal thyroid tissue （P 〈 0.01）. The expressions of ER and PR were related to the lymph node metastasis and capsular invasion （X2 = 16.913 and 6.327, P 〈 0.05; x2 = 7.516 and 12.727, P 〈 0.05）. No relationship was observed between the expressions of EPJPR and gender, age, and histological type （P 〉 0.05） of DTC patients. Conclusion： The expression levels of ER and PR in the tumor tissue of DTC patients were higher than those in the normal thyroid tissue nearby the tumor. Therefore, ER and PR expression might be clinical markers for DTC and its prognosis.     

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in breast cancer tissues

Objective： We investigated the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） so as to explore its relationship with carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer. Methods： IGF-1 mRNA levels in tissues of breast cancer, adjacent breast cancer in 70 cases breast cancer patients were analyzed by RT-PCR with the normal breast tissues of paired breast as the control. Results： The level of IGF-1 mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the paired adjacent to breast cancer tissues, normal mammary gland tissues. The ration of IGF-1/β-actin were 0.679 ± 0.075, 0.463± 0.085, 0.305 ± 0.031, respectively. There was significant difference between different groups （P 〈 0.005）. Expression of IGF-1 was associated with lymph node metastasis, pathological staging and estrogen receptor status of breast cancer and no significant relationship with tumor pathological grouping （P 〉 0.005）. Conclusion： The high-level expression of IGF-1 in breast cancer tissues is correlated with carcinogenesis, development and metastasis of breast cancer.     

Expression of ER protein from DCIS to IDC in ductal breast cancer

Objective： We studied the alterations in the expression of estrogen receptor alpha （ER） in the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS） to invasive ductal carcinomas （IDC）. Methods： The mastectomy specimens of 120 cases containing both DCIS and IDC were examined. The expression of ER proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry. The difference of the expression of ER proteins between DCIS and IDC were compared. Results： There were 58.33% of the cases with DCIS expressing ER proteins, and 40.00% of the cases IDC expressing ER proteins. There was a significant decrease of ER expression in IDC compared to DCIS （χ^2 = 4.034, P = 0.045）. Conclusion： These findings substantiate the notion that breast cancer progression is often associated with alterations in expressions of ER. The underlying mechanisms of these alterations need further investigation.     

Clinical signification of high-mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1） expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast tissue

Objective： Exploring the clinical signification of high-mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1） expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma （IDC） breast tissue. Methods： The expression of HMGB1 protein in IDC breast tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relations among size of tumour, lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR） and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER-2） were also analyzed. Results： Forty six cases out of 60 cases of IDC breast tissue showed positive or strong positive HMGB1 expression （76.67%）, statistical significance was observed between HMGB1 expression with clinical staging （P 〈 0.01）, lymph node metastasis （P 〈 0.01）, breast cancer ER （P 〈 0.05） and HER-2 （P 〈 0.05）, however same conclusion can not be drawn between HMGB1 with either size of tumour or PR expression （P 〉 0.05） in IDC breast tissue. Spearman analysis showed negative correlation between HMGB1 expression and ER, and positive correlation between HMGB1 expression and clinical staging, lymph node metastasis together with HER-2. Conclusion： It＇s promising that HMGB1 expression in IDC tissue can be one of biological indicators of poor prognosis.     

Antitumor effect of RNA interference on non-small- cell lung cancer in vivo

Objective： Lung cancer has emerged as a leading cause of cancer death in the world. Current therapies are ineffective, thus new approaches are needed to improve the therapeutic ratio. RNA interference （RNAi） has shown promise in gene silencing in vitro, the potential of which in developing new methods for the therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） needs to be further tested in vivo. In this study, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） targeting epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） was transfected into NSCLC cell line SPC-A1 cells and established the tumor burdened athymic nude mice model to investigate whether dsRNA could induce gene silencing in NSCLC cells in vivo. Methods： SPC-A1 was transfected with EGFR sequence-specific dsRNA formulated with Lipofectamine 2000. SPC-A1 cells （1 × 107/ mL） in 200 pL were injected s.c. into the left flank area of the mice to establish the tumor burdened athymic nude mice model. Calculate the tumor growth inhibition rate by measuring the diameter and the weight of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry and Westem blot were used to monitor the reduction in the production of the EGFR protein. Realtime RT-PCR was used to detect the silencing of the EGFR mRNA level. Results： It displayed that EGFR sequence specific dsRNA （dsRNA-EGFR） significantly inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. The tumor growth inhibition rate was 75.03%. The dsRNA-EGFR sequence specifically silenced EGFR with 53.6% of down-regulation of EGFR protein production and 32.3% of silencing of EGFR mRNA level. Conclusion： DsRNA-EGFR showed a blockbuster effect in downregulation of EGFR mRNA level and protein production, and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.