Celsior液和UW液保存供肝的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的比较Celsior液和UW液保存供肝的效果。方法随机选取拟行肝移植的患者60例，平均分为两组，一组接受以Celsior液灌洗和冷保存的供肝（Celsior液组）移植，另一组接受以UW液灌洗和冷保存的供肝（UW液组）移植，两组在患者年龄、性别构成、肝功能分级以及原发病、肝移植术式等方面的差异无统计学意义。比较两组供肝组织学变化、术后早期肝功能恢复情况及术后3个月内缺血性胆道狭窄的发生率。结果Celsior液组供肝冷缺血时间为（8．83±1．53）h，UW液组为（9．08±1．85）h，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组术后早期血清丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胆红素总量、出血时间及胆汁量的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），术后3个月内，Celsior液组缺血性胆道狭窄发生率为6．7％（2／30），UW液组为13．3％（4／30），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组移植肝的组织学改变相似。结论在冷缺血时间一致的情况下，Celsior液保存供肝的效果与UW液相同。     

多器官保存液组成探讨

本文综述了器官保存的原理及要求，指出一种成功的器官保存液的组成应满足五个要求：１、减少由于低温保存导致的细胞水肿；２、防止细胞的酸化作用；３、防止灌洗保存过程中的细胞间隙膨胀；４、防止氧自由基损伤；５、提供再生高能磷酸化合物的底物。并对ＵＷ、ＨＴＫ液的各个组成部分进行了分析和探讨。     

多器官保存液组成探讨

本文综述了器官保存的原理及要求，指出一种成功的器官保存液的组成应满足五个要求：１、减少由于低温保存导致的细胞水肿；２、防止细胞的酸化作用；３、防止灌洗保存过程中的细胞间隙膨胀；４、防止氧自由基损伤；５、提供再生高能磷酸化合物的底物。并对ＵＷ、ＨＴＫ液的各个组成部分进行了分析和探讨。     

大鼠肝脏保存中不同器官保存液对肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究３种目前国内常用的器官保存液对供肝细胞凋亡的影响。方法 分别用ＵＷ液、ＨＣ－Ａ液和ＷＭＯ－１号液灌洗并保存大鼠肝脏,于保存后０、１２、２４ｈ用原位末端标记法检测供肝细胞凋亡情况,并将保存２４ｈ的肝及行大鼠原位全肝移植,观察受者的３ｄ存活率。结果 ３种保存液保存的肝脏均在保存１２ｈ时出现细胞凋亡,ＨＣ－Ａ液级瑟ＷＭＯ－１号液组的凋亡指数（ＡＩ）高于ＵＷ液组（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而ＨＣ－Ａ液组     

UW和HTK保存液在肝移植中应用的疗效与安全性对比的荟萃分析

目的:系统评价威斯康星大学溶液(UW液)与组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸溶液(HTK液)在肝移植术中的疗效及安全性.方法:计算机检索Pubmed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM及万方数据库,收集并比较UW和HTK两种保存液在肝移植术中的安全性和疗效的研究.检索时限为2000年1月1日至201...     

自制多器官保存液对大鼠肝脏保存的效果

目的 探讨自制多器官保存液(self-designed multi-organ preservation solution,SMO)对大鼠肝脏低温保存的效果.方法 使用SMO液、UW液和肾脏保存液保存大鼠肝脏6、12和24 h后进行肝移植,观察移植后12 h肝功能改变和移植后14 d大鼠存活情况.结果 SMO液保存24 h之内,肝脏的形态学观测无明显改变.SMO液组与UW液组TB、ALT和血清透明质酸同步升高;肾脏保存液组显著升高,与SMO液组比较差异有统计学意义(F=49.027,70.280,34.349,71.532,446.544,303.408,P＜0.05).SMO液组肝移植后14 d大鼠存活情况良好.结论 大鼠原位肝移植模型证实,SMO液与UW液在保护肝脏功能方面作用相当,优于肾脏保存液.     

不同器官保存液对大鼠肝脏透明质酸吸收率的影响

目的　探讨不同器官保存液对大鼠肝脏透明质酸吸收率的影响 ,以评价它们对肝窦内皮细胞的保护作用。方法　大鼠肝脏原位灌洗后 ,分别在UW液、Celsior液或Histidine Tryptopan Ketoglutarate液 (HTK液 )中低温保存 16和 2 4h ,然后用含透明质酸的Kreb Henseleit液在 37℃下连续循环灌注 90min ,分别于灌注 0、15、30、6 0和 90min时检测肝脏对外源性透明质酸的吸收率。结果　低温保存 16h ,再灌注 0、15、30、6 0和 90min时 ,3种保存液保存的肝脏对外源性透明质酸的吸收率均为负值 ,表明肝窦内皮细胞受到一定程度的损伤 ,但UW液和Celsior液对肝窦内皮细胞的保护作用较HTK液为优 (P <0 .0 1) ;保存 2 4h者 ,UW液对肝窦内皮细胞的保护作用优于Celsior液和HTK液。结论　UW液对肝窦内皮细胞具有较强的保护作用     

UW液用于大鼠离断肢体灌注保存的实验研究

目的：探讨用 UW液灌注离体断肢以延长其活性的效果。方法：选择雄性健康成年 Wistar大鼠20只,体重300～400 g,手术离断双下肢。实验分两部分。实验一：随机选择10只大鼠,再随机分为灌注组（4℃下采用 UW液自股动脉灌注离断肢体直至灌出液清亮为止）和对照组（不予灌注直接冰箱保存）,每组5只。两组均置于4℃冰箱内低温保存24 h,肢体离断后每间隔6 h取离断肢体肌肉组织行病理学观察。实验二：另10只大鼠随机分为连续灌注组（4℃下以12 ml/h的速度持续灌注 UW液24 h）和间断灌注组（4℃下于肢体离断后4、8、12、16、20和24 h以12 ml/h的速度分别灌注 UW液20 min）,每组5只。离断肢体在4℃冰箱内保存灌注24 h,收集离断后4、8、12、16、20和24 h 的灌注流出液,检测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、葡萄糖（GLU）含量,同时在离体12 h、24 h取肌肉组织标本,行 HE 染色观察组织结构变化,透射电镜观察其细胞超微结构的变化。结果：实验一：在各相同时间点,灌注组较对照组肌纤维水肿程度轻,断裂少,细胞较少发生横纹溶解。实验二：连续灌注组与间断灌注组比较,肌纤维均轻度水肿,细胞出现横纹溶解,线粒体肿胀,发生破裂及空泡化现象,两组病理及超微结构改变程度相似,各时间点两组之间 ALP、ALT、GLU 差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论：使用 UW液对离断肢体进行灌注后低温保存效果更好。UW液24 h 间断灌注与24 h 连续灌注两种方法对离断肢体的保护效果相当。     

自制KYL液和UW液保存大鼠肝脏效果的比较

目的比较自制的KYL液和UW液对大鼠肝脏的保存效果。方法采用大鼠肝脏非循环离体灌注模型(noncirculatedisolatedperfusionofratliver),随机以KYL液和UW液对大鼠肝脏保存0、4、8、16、24和48h,记录胆汁流出量,测定灌注流出液天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和氧自由基代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,检测肝细胞内钙离子浓度,观察肝脏组织形态学变化。同时设生理盐水保存阴性对照组,了解器官保存液对大鼠肝脏有无保护作用。结果KYL液保存的大鼠肝脏在保存16h以内各时相胆汁流出量均较UW液保存者高(P<0.01),灌注流出液AST、ALT和LDH含量与UW液保存者相近,肝细胞内钙离子浓度较UW液保存者低(P<0.01);KYL组保存24及48h时,MDA含量低于UW组,SOD含量高于UW组(P<0.01);光、电镜观察两者形态学变化基本一致。两组所有指标均较生理盐水保存组好,提示KYL保存与UW液一样对大鼠肝脏具有保护作用。结论自制的KYL液对大鼠肝脏的保存效果总体上与UW液相当,在再灌注后肝细胞胆汁分泌方面和钙拮抗方面略优于UW液,而在防止细胞水肿方面较UW液稍差。     

UW器官保存液在胰腺移植中的研究进展

近年来,糖尿病发病率在全球呈快速增长的趋势,我国患病率已达到3%.多数Ⅰ型和部分Ⅱ型糖尿病患者需要采用外源性胰岛素注射控制血糖,患者不但要承受胰岛素注射带来的痛苦,而且还不可避免地要发生远期的并发症.因此,重建内源性胰岛分泌系统是近年来人们关注的热点.大量实验表明,胰腺移植不但可以中止胰岛素依赖性糖尿病并发症的发展,还可以转归已有的并发症,明显改善患者的预后.与其他器官移植一样,移植器官的获取及保存是移植成功的前提,由于胰腺组织的特殊性,不同的器官保存液对于保存胰腺效果不一.本文将对University of Wisconsin(UW)保存液在胰腺移植中作用作一论述.     

新型器官保存液低温保存猪肾效果的研究

目的研究新型器官保存液Lifor液对猪肾脏的低温保存效果。方法 24只白色杂种猪,随机均分为Lifor液保存组和威斯康星大学保存液（UW液）组各12只,建立离体肾脏非循环灌注模型,供肾取出后分别以0~4℃的Lifor液和UW液灌注并低温保存,再根据保存时间随机分成2个亚组,分别为保存24h、48h组,然后行猪自体肾移植。比较两组肾脏低温保存结束后其病理学及肾皮质三磷腺苷（ATP）含量的改变,并观察自体肾移植后肾功能恢复情况。结果供肾离体保存24h、48h后,Lifor液组与UW液组的肾组织病理学改变基本一致,肾皮质ATP含量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。移植后两组血清肌酐水平比较差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 Lifor液低温保存肾脏的效果与UW液相当,且成本低廉,因此更具有临床应用前景。     

新型器官保存液低温保存猪小肠的实验研究

探讨Lifor器官保存液对猪小肠的低温保存效果.方法 24只白色杂种猪,随机分成Lifor液组和威斯康星大学保存液(University of Wisconsin solution,UW液)组,分别采用4 ℃的Lifor液和UW液灌洗并低温保存移植小肠,每组再根据供肠保存时间的不同随机分成两个亚组,分别为保存6 h、9 h组,每个亚组6只动物.建立猪自体节段性小肠移植模型.比较低温保存小肠结束时Lifor液组和UW液组小肠黏膜的组织病理学及三磷腺苷(ATP)含量的改变,并测定移植小肠造口输注麦芽糖后各时间点的血糖水平,观察移植后小肠吸收功能情况.结果 供肠保存6 h和9 h后,Lifor液组与UW液组的小肠组织病理学改变基本一致,比较差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),保存9 h的小肠黏膜形态异常,损伤较保存6 h的小肠黏膜严重.供肠保存6 h和9 h后,Lifor液组与UW液组的小肠黏膜ATP含量比较差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),小肠黏膜的ATP含量随保存时间的延长逐渐降低.移植后7、14 d两组小肠吸收功能差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 Lifor液低温保存小肠的效果与UW液相当,且成本低廉,具有一定的临床应用前景.     

Comparison of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution versus University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for organ preservation in human liver transplantation

Over a 30-month period, 60 patients (30 in each group) suffering from end-stage liver disease or primary hepatic malignancy and scheduled for liver transplantation were enrolled in a prospective, randomized study to compare two methods of liver preservation: histidinetryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution versus University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Entry criteria for both groups were: age (18–65 years), elective surgery (transplantable or urgent category of the recipients), first transplantations and harvesting procedure performed by the same team. The parameters under investigation were the clinical and laboratory data preand post-transplantation, as well as follow-up data such as complications and survival. There were no significant differences in the two groups as far as the evaluation criteria were concerned, even when cold ischemia time was more than 15h (n=7). A slight, yet not significant, increase in late complications of the biliary anastomoses could be seen in the UW group. Hepatocellular injury (SGOT, SGPT, GLDH, lactate) appeared to be more marked in the HTK group. These results suggest that both HTK and UW solutions are appropriate for clinical use in liver transplantation, even if cold ischemia time is more than 15h.     

Postoperative recovery of mitochondrial function of the human liver graft procured and preserved with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution

Changes in arterial blood ketone body ratio (KBR) were investigated in 47 human liver transplantations. Of the 20 grafts preserved with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, 10 had a cold preservation period of less than 10 h (UWS group) and 10 of more than 10 h (UWL group). In 27 other cases, grafts were preserved with EuroCollins (EC) solution for less than 10 h (EC group). In the EC group, KBR increased over 0.7 within 6 h after reperfusion of the graft in 17 cases (63%) and within 24 h in 7 cases (26%). In the 3 other cases, KBR failed to recover, and these patients underwent retransplantation. In the UW group, KBR recovered within 6 h in 13 cases (65%) and within 24 h in 7 cases (35%). There were no significant differences between the UWS and UWL groups. It is shown that the mitochondrial function of liver grafts preserved with UW solution can be well maintained even after extended preservation periods of more than 10 h.     

Efficacy and safety of Celsior preservation fluid in liver transplantation: one-year follow up of a prospective, multicenter, non-randomized study

The purpose of this prospective, nine-center, non-randomized study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Celsior preservation fluid in liver transplantation using unselected donors. As data comparing allograft outcomes following liver transplantation using Celsior and University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation fluids are limited, we also compared our cohort with matched controls selected from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) who received total liver grafts preserved with UW solution during the same period. One hundred and forty patients who received livers preserved with Celsior were included. The primary endpoint, graft loss at one-yr post-transplantation, was observed in 24 patients (17.1%) which was not significantly different from the 20.0% pre-defined threshold rate (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.9, 23.4; p=0.398). Predictive factors for graft loss on univariate analysis were moderate-to-severe steatosis on the donor graft (5/22 patients with graft loss vs. 8/107 patients without, p=0.046) and duration of warm ischemia (1.4±1.1 h in patients with graft loss vs. 0.9±0.5 h in patients without, p=0.034). Hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis occurred in seven (5.0%) and six (4.3%) patients, respectively. The comparison of our patients to 420 ELTR controls showed that one-yr graft survival rates (Celsior: 82.9%, 95% CI 75.8, 88.2; UW: 78.6%, 95% CI 74.4, 82.2) and Kaplan-Meier one-yr graft survival distributions (p=0.285) were similar. Within the cold ischemia time achieved in our study, liver preservation with Celsior appeared efficient and safe. Comparison with ELTR patients suggested that liver allograft survival was similar using Celsior or UW solution for preservation of unselected donor grafts.     

Comparison of Euro-Collins and University of Wisconsin solutions in adult human cadaveric liver transplantation

To characterize the potential utility of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, 37 grafts preserved in UW solution (UW group) were compared with 38 grafts preserved in Euro-Collins (EC) solution (EC group). Patients in both groups underwent similar perioperative management. Donor and recipient data in the two groups were similar. The mean cold ischemia time (CIT) of the UW group was 6.51±2.06 h (range: 3.17–14.65 h); this was significantly longer than that of the EC group, of 4.80±1.68 h (range: 1.67–8.83h) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in actuarial patient or graft survival between the two groups. Blood concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) within 12 h and lactic dehydogenase (LDH) within 6 h of reperfusion were significantly lower in the UW group than in the EC group, each being (P<0.05). The total bilirubin (TBR) concentration was lower in the UW group than in the EC group, but the difference was not significant. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), and prothrombin time (PT) showed no significant differences between the two groups. There was no difference in the frequency of complications or rejection episodes between the two groups. However, gender identical grafts had a lower rejection than gender non-identical grafts in the UW group (P<0.05). Our data suggest that the UW solution reduces transplantation-related graft injury compared with the EC solution. Offprint requests to: T. Abe     

Protective effects of the lazaroid U74500A and lidoflazine on liver preservation with UW solution

The effect of adding a 21-aminosteroid, U74500A, and a Ca²⁺ antagonist, lidoflazine, alone and together to UW solution was assessed in a rat liver preservation model. Following preservation, the livers were reperfused using a closed circuit, and the release of hepatocellular enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, and LDH) into the perfusate was determined with increasing time. Both drugs reduced the amount of enzymes lost from the liver. The combination of the two drugs was better than either drug alone. These data suggest that both agents may be of value in organ preservation for clinical liver transplantation.