小儿静脉留置针留置失败原因与护理

静脉留置针因操作简单、套管柔软、套管在静脉内留置时间长、不易穿破血管,并可减少静脉穿刺次数,从而避免了反复穿刺给患者带来的痛苦。可保护患者的静脉,同时能提高护士的工作效率,有利于临床用药和紧急抢救,现已在临床上广泛使用。在小儿静脉留置针的使用过程中,经常出现留置针留置失败．现将造成小儿静脉留置针留置失败的原因分析和护理体会总结报道如下：     

儿科静脉留置针护理体会

静脉给药是治疗小儿疾病的重要的措施,静脉留置针在临床上的使用,可以减少患病儿童的痛苦,提高护士的工作效率。将我科近2年来采用静脉留置针输液的患儿使用情况进行分析,静脉留置针在儿科总体留置成功率高,但套管针阻塞、穿刺失败、局部渗漏、等问题依然存在。介绍我科在临床中使用小儿静脉留置针的经验体会。     

小儿静脉留置针临床使用中的常见问题及对策

目的探讨小儿静脉留置针近年来被广泛应用于临床的常见问题及解决方法。方法本文对394例患儿的使用情况进行分析,分析和总结小儿静脉留置针临床使用中的常见问题及对策。结果穿刺失败、套管针脱落、阻塞以及局部渗漏、肿胀甚至并发静脉炎等问题依然存在。结论对小儿静脉留置针使用中存在的问题并采取相应的处理方法,从而提高穿刺成功率,减少了并发症的发生。     

小儿静脉留置针临床应用分析

小儿静脉留置针作为一项新的护理技术已经广泛应用于临床。其不仅可以避免反复穿刺给患儿带来的痛苦和恐惧，同时也能减轻患儿家长因穿刺困难而产生的焦虑和心理压力。静脉留置针又称为套管针，作为头皮针的换代产品，以其操作简单、使用方便、套管柔软、套管在静脉内留置时间长且不易穿破血管等特点，被广泛应用于临床。我院自从2004年底开始广泛应用小儿静脉留置针，在临床使用中收到了良好的效果，现将常见问题及处理方法总结如下。     

静脉留置针在儿科临床应用与护理

本文观察了532例小儿静脉留置针的临床应用。首先介绍了静脉留置针的选择、穿刺部位的选择和穿刺技巧；然后着重阐述了常见问题及护理措施，如穿刺失败、皮下血肿、液体外渗、套管堵塞、血栓、留置针脱落、局部炎症反应及静脉炎等。     

小儿静脉留置针临床使用中的问题探讨

目的探讨小儿静脉留置针近年来已被广泛应用于临床的常见问题及解决方法。方法？本文对394例患儿的使用情况进行分析。结果？穿刺失败、套管针脱落、阻塞以及局部渗漏、肿胀甚至并发静脉炎等问题依然存在。结论？探讨并消除小儿静脉留置针使用中的不良问题，已成为儿科护理实践工作中的一项重要临床问题。     

使用小儿静脉留置针常见问题与对策

目的：探讨小儿静脉留置针近年来已应用于临床的常见问题及解决方法。方法：本文对394例患儿的使用情况进行分析。结果：穿刺失败、套管针脱落、以及局部渗漏、肿胀甚至并发静脉炎等问题依然存住。结论：探讨并消除小儿静脉留置针使用中的不良问题，已成为儿科护理实践工作中的一项重要临床问题。     

静脉留置针临床穿刺失败原因分析与对策

静脉留置针又称套管针，作为头皮针的换代产品，以其操作简单、套管柔软、套管在静脉内留置时间长且不易穿破血管等优点，被广泛用于临床。对该技术的成功经验已有大量报道，但静脉留置针临床穿刺失败原因值得分析和思考，现将我们在临床应用中发现穿刺失败与采取的相应对策报告如下。     

小儿静脉留置针临床使用中的问题探讨

目的：探讨小儿静脉留置针使用中的常见问题及解决方法护理对策。方法：本文通过对534例患儿的留置针使用情况进行分析。结果：穿刺失败、套管针脱落、阻塞以及局部渗漏、肿胀甚至并发静脉炎等问题依然存在。结论：探讨并消除小儿静脉留置针使用中的不良问题,提高使用成功率,已成为儿科护理实践工作中的一项重要临床问题。     

小儿静脉留置针输液常见并发症及护理

目的 探讨小儿静脉留置针近年来已被广泛应用于临床的常见问题及解决方法.本文对280例患儿的使用情况进行分析.结果 穿刺失败、套管针脱落、阻塞以及局部渗漏、肿胀甚至并发静脉炎等问题依然存在. 结论探讨并消除小儿静脉留置针使用中的不良问题,已成为儿科护理实践工作中的一项重要临床问题.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.