Effect of OKY-046 on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone in dogs

To elucidate the possible involvement of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in airway hyperresponsiveness, we examined the effect of OKY-046, a potent and selective inhibitor of TxA2 synthetase, on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in dogs. Ozone exposure (3 ppm, 2 hr) markedly increased airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine without affecting basal respiratory resistance. Although ozone also caused a slight but significant increase in neutrophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, there was no correlation between the level of airway hyperresponsiveness and increased neutrophil number. Although OKY-046 significantly inhibited the increases in airway hyperresponsiveness in a dose-dependent manner at doses ranging from 100 to 300 mg/kg, p.o., the compound did not affect the basal airway responsiveness and respiratory resistance at 300 mg/kg, p.o. Inhalation of the subthreshold concentration (i.e., the highest dose which did not cause bronchoconstriction) of STA2 (a stable TxA2 mimetic agent) elicited a significant increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine. These results suggest that TxA2 may play a role in mediating ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the accumulation of neutrophils in the airway lumen may not be essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness.     

Inhibitory effects of OKY-046 on spasmogen-induced bronchoconstrictions in sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pigs

We examined the effect of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, on bronchoconstriction induced by antigen and various spasmogenic mediators in guinea pigs in vivo. Further, inhibitory activities of OKY-046 on contractions of isolated tracheae and lung parenchymal strips induced by various contractile agents were also investigated in vitro. OKY-046, but not indomethacin, significantly inhibited antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, OKY-046 attenuated bronchoconstrictions induced by peptide leukotrienes (LTs) and platelet activating factor (PAF), but not those by histamine, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and STA2 (a stable TXA2 mimetic agent). Although contractile responses induced by spasmogens such as peptide LTs, PAF and histamine were not influenced by OKY-046 in isolated tracheae, OKY-046 elicited significant and concentration-dependent inhibitions against contractile responses induced by peptide LTs and PAF in isolated lung parenchymal strips. These results suggest the possible involvement of TXA2 in the development of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea pigs.     

还原型谷胱甘肽对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：观察还原型谷胱甘肽对急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：用D－氨基半乳糖及四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤，还原型谷胱甘肽分别采用灌胃及腹腔注射给药，观察指标为：ALT、AST、ALP及肝脏病理形态。结果：还原型谷胱甘肽组小鼠肝细胞肿胀、胞浆疏松、炎症细胞浸润程度明显较D－氨基半乳糖组轻。结论：还原型谷胱甘肽对急性肝损伤有保护作用。     

Actions of the novel thromboxane A2 antagonists,ONO-1270 and ONO-3708, on smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig basilar artery

Summary The effects of the novel thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) antagonists. ONO-1270 and ONO-3708, on the electrical and mechanical responses evoked by various agents, and in particular 9, 11-epithio-11, 12-methano-thromboxane A₂ (STA₂), were investigated in the guinea-pig artery. STA₂ (up to 0.3 M), and ONO-1270 and ONO-3708 (up to 1.0 M) dit not modify the membrane potential in smooth muscle cells. Perivascular nerve stimulation induced an excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.), and with frequencies over 0.25 Hz, depression of e.j.ps occurred. STA₂ (0.1 M) and both ONO-1270 and ONO-3708 had no effect on these electrical events. STA₂ (over 0.1 M) produced phasic and tonic contractile responses, in a concentration dependent manner. Both ONO-1270 and ONO-3708 competitively inhibited the phasic contraction induced by STA₂ as estimated from parallel shifts in the dose-response curve, and from the Lineweaver-Burk and Schild plots (the PA₂ values were 8.22 for ONO-1270 and 8.70 for ONO-3708), but both agents inhibited non-competitively the PGF₂ -induced contraction. ONO-1270 and ONO-3708 (up to 0.1 M) had no effect on contractions induced by K⁺ and caffeine, but did slightly inhibited contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Following application of indomethacin, neither agent modified the 5-HT-induced contraction. In Ca²⁺-free solution, 10 nM STA₂ produced a phasic but not a tonic contractile response. ONO-1270 and ONO-3708 (over 1 nM) inhibited this phasic contractile response. We conclude that ONO-1270 and ONO-3708 possess the properties of potent and selective antagonists for the TXA₂ (STA₂)-receptor in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig basilar artery.     

解酒饮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨解酒饮对小鼠急性四氯化碳（CCl₄）肝损伤的保护作用。方法 将60只小鼠分为正常组、联苯双酯组、模型组（0.3% CCl₄腹腔注射）和解酒饮组（按剂量分为25,12.5,6.25 g·kg^-1组,灌胃25 ml·kg^-1,连续灌胃8 d）,每组各10只。造模12 h后,用全自动生化仪测定血清丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸转移酶（AST）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）、总蛋白（TP）的活性。肝组织匀浆测定丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）活性。并对肝组织进行组织形态学检查。免疫组化方法检测肝脏MnSOD、bcl-2、caspase-3的表达情况。结果 解酒饮能降低CCl₄诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠升高的血清ALT、AST水平。解酒饮25 g·kg^-1降低肝匀浆升高的MDA水平,同时升高肝匀浆中的SOD和GSH酶活性,改善肝组织的病理形态。免疫组化结果显示,解酒饮25 g·kg^-1可以上调MnSOD、bcl-2表达水平,下调caspase-3表达水平。结论 解酒饮可能通过提高肝脏抗氧化能力,抑制肝细胞凋亡,对小鼠急性CCl₄肝损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Beneficial effect of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, on experimental cerebral vasospasm

Effects of OKY-046, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane (TX)A2 synthetase and a platelet aggregation inhibitor, on in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral vasospasm were studied. The contraction of the isolated rabbit basilar artery by an exposure to 1.0 ml of whole rabbit blood plus 0.05 or 0.1 units/ml of thrombin was diminished by the treatment with 10(-4) M of OKY-046 and/or 10(-6) M of cinanserin. When the whole blood of rabbits treated intravenously with 1 mg/kg/min of OKY-046 was used, the contraction of the basilar artery was decreased to about half of the control contraction. Angiographically recognized cerebral vasospasm in vivo, by a transorbital injection of 5.0 to 7.0 ml of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna of dogs, was suppressed by 0.05 and 0.5 microgram of OKY-046. Moreover, the decrease in the regional cerebral blood flow in autologous blood infused-dogs was inhibited by 0.5 microgram of OKY-046. The increase in TXB2 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs was significantly inhibited, and the level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was slightly increased by the treatment of OKY-046. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2 was increased from 1.5 to 5.2 in OKY-046-treated dogs. No effect on the basal tone and response to vasoactive agonists such as norepinephrine, KCl and PGE1 was observed in the isolated spiral thoracic aorta of guinea pigs or rabbits. Taken together with our previous findings, we conclude that the inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in the in vitro and in vivo models by the treatment of OKY-046 might be due to an inhibition of platelet aggregation, an inhibition of TXA2 generation and an increase in the ratio of PGl2/TXA2.     

ONO-3708和S-145对STA_2介导的家兔血小板变形和聚集反应的抑制作用(英文)

目的:评价ONO-3708和S-145对血小板变形和聚集反应的不同抑制模式。方法:以透光度法测量血小板变形和聚集反应,荧光图像分析法测量单细胞内游离钙的变化。结果:(1)STA_2的聚集反应可被依他酸,ONO-3708和S-145抑制(P<0.01),血小板变形仅被S-145抑制。(2)S-145的抑制作用随孵育时间延长而增强,ONO-3708不变。(3)洗脱后ONO-3708的作用消失,而S-145抑制作用依然存在。(4)STA_2的细胞内游离钙动员部分被ONO-3708和依他酸取消(P<0.01),但可被S-145完全抑制。结论:S-145和ONO-3708分别作用于血小板TXA_2受体的不同结合位点。     

Effects of ONO-3708, an antagonist of the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor, on platelet aggregation and thrombosis

The beneficial effects of an antagonist of the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor, 7-[2 alpha,4 alpha-(dimethylmethano)-6 beta-(2-cyclopentyl-2 beta- hydroxyacetamido)-1 alpha-cyclohexyl]-5(Z)-heptenoic acid (ONO-3708) on thrombosis were examined. ONO-3708 at 0.1-3 microM inhibited the human platelet aggregation induced by thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2, collagen, ADP (secondary phase) and epinephrine (secondary phase) without affecting prostanoid synthesis and the content of cyclic AMP in platelets. The in vivo effects, on coronary thrombosis in this case, were examined in two canine models. ONO-3708, 3 to 300 micrograms/kg i.v., prevented dose dependently the coronary thrombosis induced by partial obstruction of the coronary artery. ONO-3708, 3 micrograms/kg per min i.v., significantly prevented electrically stimulated coronary thrombosis without affecting systemic blood pressure and heart rate. These results indicate that the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor could play an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and that ONO-3708 may have therapeutic advantages in preventing thrombosis.     

荞麦中芦丁对免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝脏超微结构的影响

目的观察荞麦中芦丁(RBFL)对卡介苗(BCG)和脂多糖(LPS)联合诱导的免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝脏的超微结构的影响。方法于尾静脉注射BCG和LPS,建立小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型。取♂昆明小鼠90只,随机均分为正常组、模型组、RBFL低、中、高剂量组及联苯双酯组。除正常组和模型组ig蒸馏水外,其余各组均ig给予对应药物干预,即40、80、160 mg·kg-1·d-1RBFL及联苯双酯200 mg·kg-1·d-1,gd,连续12 d。剖取肝脏、脾脏、胸腺,计算脏器指数,电镜下观察各组小鼠的肝脏超微结构变化。结果模型组小鼠的肝脏体积增大,肝脏指数较正常组的显著增大(P<0.01),各免疫器官脏器的指数增大,RBFL各剂量有抑制作用。结论 RBFL对BCG和LPS联合诱导的小鼠肝脏超微结构损伤具有保护作用。     

仙人掌多糖对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究仙人掌多糖(OPS)对CCl4肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法采用OPS溶液预先灌胃30 d,末次灌胃后2 h,腹腔注射0.10%CCl4(20 mL/kg)的花生油溶液,造成小鼠急性肝损伤,测定血清ALT活性和AST活性及肝脏GSH含量、GR活性、GST活性和GSH-Px活性,取肝组织做病理学检测。结果预先灌胃OPS溶液,可显著地抑制CCl4引起的小鼠血清ALT和AST活性升高,改善肝中毒小鼠GSH含量及GST活性和GSH-Px活性水平,并减轻肝组织的病理变化。结论OPS对CCl4致小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,这可能与增强谷胱甘肽系统抗氧化能力有关。     

Antinephritic effect of OKY-046, a thromboxane A synthetase inhibitor (1). Effects on crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats

To induce crescentic-type anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) nephritis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with rabbit gamma-globulin in Freund's complete adjuvant following i.v. injection of anti-GBM serum. At the same time, original type anti-GBM nephritis was induced in other rats by anti-GBM serum only. The animals with crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis showed significantly higher platelet aggregability than that in rats with original-type anti-GBM nephritis at days 5, 10 and 40 after anti-GBM serum administration, respectively. To estimate the antinephritic effect of OKY-046, a thromboxane A synthetase inhibitor, it was given orally to rats at doses of 0.5, 2.5 or 20 mg/kg for 39 days after anti-GBM serum. OKY-046 (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the increase in both urinary protein and plasma cholesterol levels (40% and 35% vs. control, respectively). Moreover, when examined by light microscopy, this drug remarkably prevented histological involvement of the glomeruli. OKY-046 at 20 mg/kg had suppressed the hyperaggregability of platelets by 77% by day 40 as compared with the control, but doses of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg did not. It is concluded from these data that OKY-046 has beneficial effects on crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis and may act through inhibition of not only platelet TxA2 but also glomerular TxA2 in its action to prevent histological alterations.     

虎杖提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察虎杖提取物对cch诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法采用CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AsT）、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（S（）D）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果cch诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤摸型,血清ALT、AST明显升高,肝组织SOD活性明显降低,MDA含量显著升高（P〈0．01）;虎杖提取物能显著降低血清ALT,AST,明显提高肝组织SOD活性,降低肝组织MDA含量（P〈0．01）。结论虎杖提取物具有降酶及抗氧化的作用。对CCh诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

虎杖提取物对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察虎杖提取物对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法采用CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果 CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤模型,血清ALT、AST明显升高,肝组织SOD活性明显降低,MDA含量显著升高（P〈0.01）;虎杖提取物能显著降低血清ALT,AST,明显提高肝组织SOD活性,降低肝组织MDA含量（P〈0.01）。结论虎杖提取物具有降酶及抗氧化的作用,对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

Effects of ONO-3708, an antagonist of the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor, on blood vessels

The pharmacological properties of a novel thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist, ONO-3708, on blood vessels were examined in vitro and in vivo. ONO-3708, 10 microM, inhibited the rabbit aorta contractions induced by thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2, 11,9-epoxymethano-prostaglandin H2 (U-46619) or prostaglandin F2 alpha without affecting the contractions induced by angiotensin II, serotonin or norepinephrine. ONO-3708, at a concentration of 1 to 100 nM, appeared to be a competitive inhibitor of the contractile responses of the canine basilar artery to 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-thromboxane A2 (STA2), U-46619 and PGF2 alpha, and a non-competitive inhibitor of the contractile responses to 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE). In in vivo studies, ONO-3708 (10 and 100 micrograms/kg per min i.v.) ameliorated the decrease in diameter of the basilar artery induced by the i.v. infusion of STA2 (0.1 microgram/kg per min) in cats. Furthermore, infusion of ONO-3708 (10 and 30 micrograms/kg per min i.v.) prevented the cerebral vasospasm in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model in dogs. These results indicate that ONO-3708 is a potent antagonist of the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor in vitro and in vivo and may be of therapeutic use in preventing cerebral vasospasm.     

金银花总黄酮对免疫性肝损伤小鼠的影响

目的观察金银花总黄酮（LJTF）对卡介苗（BCG）联合脂多糖（LPS）所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤炎症因子的影响。方法采用BCG2．5mg静脉注射致敏小鼠,d10给予LPS7．5μg静脉攻击造成小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,ig给予IJTF（100、200、400mg·kg。）连续10d。观察肝组织形态学改变,称量体重,肝脏、脾脏重量,计算肝、脾脏器指数,分光光度法测定肝匀浆中NO、iNOS的含量,免疫组化测定肝脏TNF—d的表达。结果LJTFig能提高免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝、脾脏器指数,改善免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝脏组织学改变,降低肝匀浆中NO、iNOS的水平,LJTF也能降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠TNF-α在肝脏中的强烈表达。结论LJTFig可以减少炎症介质的释放,对免疫性肝损伤小鼠有保护作用。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的影响

目的研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对卡介苗(BCG)与细菌脂多糖(LPS)引起小鼠免疫性肝损伤的影响。方法建立BCG/LPS引起的小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型。采用两种处理方式给予NAC:方式A,于LPS处理前4h和15min分别经腹腔注射给予NAC(预处理);方式B,于LPS处理后0h和4h分别经腹腔注射NAC(后处理)。LPS处理后8h剖杀动物,取血和肝脏,并检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性与一氧化氮(NO)水平、肝脏组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)与丙二醛(MDA)含量以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α) mRNA表达水平。结果与模型组比较,NAC预处理组小鼠血清ALT活性下降,肝脏TNF-α mRNA表达明显减少,而体内NO生成和肝脏脂质过氧化水平无改变;NAC后处理组与模型组相比,小鼠死亡率升高,血清NO生成增加,肝脏GSH含量进一步下降,而小鼠血清ALT活性未见明显改变。结论NAC对小鼠免疫性肝损伤有双重效应,NAC预处理对抗BCG/LPS引起的小鼠免疫性肝脏损伤,NAC后处理加重BCG/LPS引起的氧化应激并升高动物死亡率。     

白三烯拮抗剂ONO-1078对小鼠持续性局灶性脑缺血的作用

目的在小鼠模型研究白三烯拮抗剂{4-氧-8-[对-(4-苯丁氧基)苯甲酰氨基]-2-(5-四唑基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃半水合物(ONO-1078)}对脑缺血的保护作用.方法以大脑中动脉阻塞法诱导持续性局灶性脑缺血.在脑缺血前30min和缺血后60min腹腔注射ONO-1078、尼莫地平或生理盐水(对照).脑缺血24h后,观察神经症状,并测定脑湿重和脑梗死体积.结果ONO-1078(0.01,0.03,0.1mgkg-1)和尼莫地平(0.2 mg*kg-1)减少脑梗死体积;ONO-1078(0.1 mg kg-1)减轻脑湿重,尼莫地平无此作用;ONO-1078和尼莫地平对神经症状无明显作用.结论ONO-1078对持续性局灶性脑缺血有保护作用,提示白三烯拮抗剂可作为急性脑缺血的一种新治疗药.     

rhKD/APPvar对实验性急性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞增殖能力的影响

目的探讨重组人淀粉样蛋白前体Kunitz型蛋白酶抑制剂结构域变异体(Reorganization human Kunitz protease inhibitor domain of amyloid protein precursor variant,rh KD/APPvar)对实验性急性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞增殖能力的影响。方法利用实验鼠的四氯化碳(CCl4)慢性肝损伤模型,采用免疫组化方法,检测各组增殖细胞核抗原(Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)阳性细胞数。结果正常对照组的PCNA阳性细胞数为(2±2)个/视野,模型组的PCNA阳性细胞数为(6±3)个/视野,rh KD/APPvar小、中、大剂量组的PCNA阳性细胞个数分别为(29±110)个/视野、(38±10)个/视野、(55±12)个/视野,抑肽酶组的PCNA阳性细胞个数为(24±9)个/视野,rh KD/APP组的PCNA阳性细胞个数为(19±5)个/视野。与模型组相比,rh KD/APPvar各剂量组PCNA阳性细胞数目均显著增加(P<0.05),并且存在剂量依赖关系。rh KD/APPvar各剂量组阳性细胞数多于抑肽酶组。结论 rh KD/APPvar能够促进急性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞增殖,其作用随着剂量的增加而增强。     

褪黑素对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察褪黑素（MT）对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的影响。方法序贯注射短小棒状杆菌和脂多糖诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型;在造模不同时间注射不同剂量MT;检测血浆转氨酶、肝脏雨二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-px）以及脾淋巴细胞增殖状况。结果造模期间用MT（0.1～10.0mg·kg-1）能显著降低血浆转氨酶和肝脏MDA水平（P＜0.05～0.01），使肝脏GSH-px活性部分恢复（P＜0.05），并能选择性抑制刀豆蛋白A诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖。但造模后使用MT对免疫性肝损伤无明显影响。结论MT保护免疫性肝损伤作用与其抗氧化和免疫调节作用有关。