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1.
Xeno-oestrogens and phyto-oestrogens induce the synthesis of leukaemia inhibitory factor by human and bovine oviduct cells. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K C Reinhart R K Dubey P J Keller U Lauper M Rosselli 《Molecular human reproduction》1999,5(10):899-907
In bovine oviduct cells 17beta-oestradiol can induce the synthesis of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a glycoprotein essential for embryo implantation. Therefore substances which are structurally similar to 17beta-oestradiol and possess oestrogenic activity may also modulate LIF synthesis and influence the reproductive process. We used primary cultures of bovine and human oviduct cells (epithelial cells:fibroblasts 1:1) to compare the effects of 17beta-oestradiol, phyto-oestrogens (genistein, biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, and equol) and xeno-oestrogens [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB): trichlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-trichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-dichlorobiphenyl] on LIF synthesis. Immunoreactive LIF-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentration of LIF in the culture medium. Similar to 17beta-oestradiol, genistein (0.02-2 micromol/l) induced LIF synthesis in bovine oviduct cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Equol, biochanin A and daidzein (2 micromol/l), 4-hydroxy-trichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-dichlorobiphenyl (0.01-10 micromol/l) but not formononetin (2 micromol/l) also induced LIF synthesis in bovine cells. Phyto-oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens also induced LIF synthesis in human oviduct cells (P < 0.05). The stimulatory effects of PCB, phyto-oestrogens and 17beta-oestradiol were blocked by ICI 182,780 (1 micromol/l). Moreover, 17beta-oestradiol, 4-hydroxy-trichlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-dichlorobiphenyl, genistein, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780 displaced [(3)H]17beta-oestradiol from cytosolic oestrogen receptors in bovine oviduct cells. These results suggest that phyto-oestrogens and PCB mimic the effects of oestradiol in inducing LIF synthesis by bovine and human oviduct cells and that these stimulatory effects are oestrogen receptor-mediated. Environmental oestrogens act as endocrine modulators/disrupters and may induce deleterious effects on the reproductive process by influencing LIF synthesis in a non-cyclic fashion leading to tubal infertility. 相似文献
2.
In-vivo administration of progesterone inhibits the secretion of endometrial leukaemia inhibitory factor in vitro 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hambartsoumian E; Taupin JL; Moreau JF; Frydman R; Chaouat G 《Molecular human reproduction》1998,4(11):1039-1044
Human interleukin for DA cells, also called leukaemia inhibitory factor
(LIF), is of cardinal importance for successful murine embryo implantation.
Recent studies suggest it may also play an important role in human embryo
implantation. Our objective was to study the hormonal regulation of the
production/secretion of LIF by the human endometrium. Endometrial LIF
secretion in specimens obtained from women without ovarian function
(n+/-14) at day 10 (4 mg of oestradiol regimen) or day 20 (oestradiol plus
300 mg of progesterone) of a simulated menstrual cycle was examined. LIF
was detected in all cultured explants obtained both in the proliferative
and secretory phase of the stimulated cycles. The levels of cytokine
production by day 10 endometrial culture explants were 5-fold higher than
by day 20 endometrial samples (mean+/- SEM, 24.3+/-8.6 versus 4.5+/-2.1
pg/mg, P < 0.01). This suggests that progesterone significantly
down-regulates the endometrial LIF secretion. The effect of progesterone on
LIF secretion by the endometrium in vitro was also examined. Explants of
endometrium obtained from the same patients on day 10 of cycle were treated
with 0.5 ng/ml of progesterone in vitro. This progesterone treatment
significantly reduced LIF secretion by endometrial explants in vitro
(mean+/-SEM, 20.3+/-4.8 versus 10.7+/-2.3 pg/mg, P < 0.05). These
results suggest that LIF endometrial production is regulated by
progesterone both in-vivo and in-vitro. The possible mechanisms of LIF
regulation are discussed briefly.
相似文献
3.
Arici A; Oral E; Bahtiyar O; Engin O; Seli E; Jones EE 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(6):1233-1239
Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a 43 kDa glycoprotein with a
remarkable range of biological actions in different tissue systems. LIF
improves the rate of fertilization of mouse oocytes in vitro and up-
regulates aromatase enzyme. We postulated that LIF may be an important
modulator of ovarian function and may also improve embryo quality in
humans. Follicular fluid samples from patients undergoing in-vitro
fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (n = 123), from women undergoing
ovarian stimulation (n = 4) and from women undergoing laparoscopy for tubal
ligation during their follicular phase (n = 3) were used. Follicular fluid
LIF, oestradiol, and progesterone were measured and embryo quality was
assessed. Granulosa-lutein cells were cultured for 3 days in Ham's
F-12:Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). Ovarian stromal cells,
isolated by enzymatic dispersion of ovarian tissue, were also cultured in
the same medium. Following experimental treatments, LIF mRNA and protein
concentrations were quantified. The concentration of LIF was 0.8 +/- 0.3
(mean +/- SEM) pg/ml in pre-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) follicular
fluid samples and 13.0 +/- 1.1 pg/ml in post-HCG follicular fluid samples
(P < 0.05). LIF levels were undetectable in three follicular fluid
samples obtained during unstimulated follicular phase. There was a
correlation between follicular fluid LIF and follicular fluid oestradiol
concentrations (r = 0.36; P = 0.0001) and the number of grade I embryos (r
= 0.62; P = 0.01). LIF mRNA and the protein were expressed constitutively
but in low amounts in the ovarian stromal cell cultures. The concentrations
of LIF mRNA as well as protein were increased by interleukin (IL)-1alpha
and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in a time- and
concentration-dependent manner. Purified granulosa-lutein cells expressed
low amounts of LIF mRNA and protein which were not significantly increased
by IL-1alpha or TNF alpha. Our findings suggest that HCG stimulates the
expression of LIF in follicular fluid. Both granulosa-lutein and ovarian
stromal cells express the LIF mRNA and produce the protein. Modulation of
LIF in these cells may play an important role in the physiology of
ovulation and early embryo development.
相似文献
4.
The production of leukaemia inhibitory factor by human endometrium: presence in uterine flushings and production by cells in culture 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:12
Laird SM; Tuckerman EM; Dalton CF; Dunphy BC; Li TC; Zhang X 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(3):569-574
The concentration of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was measured in
uterine flushings obtained from normal fertile women, from women with
unexplained infertility and from women who suffered recurrent miscarriage.
In normal fertile women, LIF was not detected in flushings obtained on days
luteinizing hormone (LH)+0 to LH+6 of the cycle, but concentrations
gradually increased from day LH+7 to a maximum at day LH+12. The amount of
LIF in flushings obtained from women with unexplained infertility was
significantly lower than in those from normal fertile women on day LH+10 (P
< 0.05). The production of LIF by cultured human epithelial and stromal
cells was also investigated. LIF was not detectable in the supernatants of
cultured stromal cells. Basal LIF production by epithelial cells varied
according to the stage in the cycle at which the biopsy was taken.
Significantly more LIF was produced by epithelial cells from late
proliferative and early secretory endometrium compared with amounts
produced by cells from early proliferative (P < 0.001) and late
secretory (P < 0.01) endometrium. High doses of progesterone and
oestradiol caused a small decrease in epithelial cell LIF production: the
combined effect of progesterone and oestradiol (P < 0.01) was greater
than the effect of either steroid alone (P < 0.05). The results show,
for the first time, the capability of human endometrium to produce LIF in
vivo. The fact that maximum LIF concentrations are present at implantation
and that decreased concentrations occur in women with unexplained
infertility suggest the importance of this cytokine in embryo implantation.
相似文献
5.
Bals-Pratsch M Al-Hasani S Schöpper B Diedrich C Hoepfner AS Weiss J Küpker W Felberbaum R Ortmann O Bauer O Diedrich K 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1999,14(Z1):222-230
Supernumerary pronucleated stage oocytes (PN) are usually cryopreserved. PN are transferred in spontaneous, stimulated or artificial cycles. In this study, an artificial cycle with a transdermal therapeutic system was used for oestradiol release (Estraderm TTS 100) in combination with a targeted drug delivery system for vaginal progesterone release (Crinone 8%). Patients started transdermal 17beta-oestradiol treatment on cycle day 1. Only one clinical monitoring was necessary on day 14 for confirmation of satisfactory endometrial development and exclusion of ovulation by transvaginal ultrasound and endocrine determinations (oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone). Embryo transfer was performed on the third day of progesterone treatment (day 17). The first 25 cycles were recently completed in a prospective study; no cycles were cancelled due to ovulation or unsatisfactory endometrial development. In comparison with the previous protocol of embryo transfer in stimulated cycles in our clinic which required extensive ultrasound and endocrine monitoring, the pregnancy rate in these oestrogen- and progesterone-supplemented cycles was nearly twice as high (34.8%). Two pregnancies were even achieved with zygotes after micro-injection of frozen-thawed late spermatids extracted from testicular tissue (cryo-TESE). In these cycles, the Estraderm TTS 100/Crinone 8% protocol seems to be superior to stimulation protocols and even to other protocols reported so far for artificial cycles with exogenous oestradiol and progesterone treatment. 相似文献
6.
CA 125 concentrations in ovarian 'chocolate' cyst fluid can differentiate an endometriotic cyst from a cystic corpus luteum. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P R Koninckx M Muyldermans P Moerman C Meuleman J Deprest F Cornillie 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1992,7(9):1314-1317
In a prospective study, the concentrations of CA 125, 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone were assayed in 52 consecutive ovarian cysts, laparoscopically suspected to be endometriomas. Cysts with dark brown 'chocolate' fluid (n = 42) were excised by CO2-laser endoscopy. Cysts with clear fluid were diagnosed by pathology as follicular cysts (n = 5) or pseudoperitoneal cysts (n = 5). Fluids (n = 53) aspirated during echo-guided puncture for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were assayed simultaneously. Of the 42 women undergoing a cystectomy, the clinical diagnosis of an endometrioma was confirmed by pathology in only 68%, the other cases being corpora lutea (27%) or follicular cysts (5%). Cyst fluids from corpora lutea had lower CA 125 concentrations (< 1000 IU/ml) together with high 17 beta-oestradiol concentrations (> 2000 pg/ml) and/or high progesterone concentrations (> 100 ng/ml). Endometriotic cysts had either very high CA 125 concentrations (> 10,000 IU/ml) as occurred in 78% or lower CA 125 concentrations (< 1000 IU/ml) together with low 17 beta-oestradiol and/or progesterone concentrations. 'Chocolate' fluid-containing cysts aspirated during IVF had similar concentration profiles of CA 125, 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone and the diagnoses derived from these concentrations were not contradicted in 19/27 women undergoing a laparoscopy within 4 months. In eight women, however, with high CA 125 concentrations in their cyst fluid, no endometriotic cysts were found at laparoscopy. Only 68% of cysts containing 'chocolate' material were endometriotic cysts and CA 125 could be useful in making this diagnosis. This method is recommended when dark brown fluid is aspirated in IVF. 相似文献
7.
Fanchin R Ayoubi JM Olivennes F Righini C de Ziegler D Frydman R 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2000,15(Z1):90-100
High-frequency uterine contractions (UC) at the time of embryo transfer have been shown to hamper the outcome of in-vitro fertilization (IVF). As UC are postulated to be hormone-regulated, we aimed to investigate the role of plasma oestradiol and progesterone concentrations on UC during ovarian stimulation for IVF. A total of 59 women were studied on the day of administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and embryo transfer. Plasma oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured, and 5 min ultrasound scans of the uterus were digitized with an image analysis system to assess UC frequency and direction. Cycles were sorted according to whether progesterone concentrations on the day of embryo transfer were < or =100 (n = 34) or >100 (n = 25) ng/ml. On the day of HCG, UC frequency was similar in both groups at 4.5+/-0.2 and 4.6+/-0.3 UC/min (mean +/- SE) respectively. On the day of embryo transfer, UC frequency remained steady in the low progesterone group, whereas it decreased (3.5+/-0.2 UC/min) in the high progesterone group (P < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with progesterone concentrations (r = -0.56; P < 0.001). No influence of oestradiol on UC was noticed. These observations confirm the utero-relaxing effects of progesterone in the non-pregnant uterus and support the administration of progesterone before embryo transfer to increase tissue concentrations and improve the outcome of IVF. 相似文献
8.
C Lelaidier D de Ziegler J Gaetano A Hazout H Fernandez R Frydman 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1992,7(10):1353-1356
In women having inactive ovaries, controlled preparation of the endometrium has been achieved with exogenous oestradiol and progesterone. We report on the feasibility and practicality of using a similar regimen for timing transfers of cryopreserved embryos in women whose ovaries have not been suppressed. A total of 91 women having cryopreserved embryos from previous in-vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts received 4 mg/day of oestradiol valerate, starting on cycle day 1 of spontaneous (n = 85) or induced (n = 6) menstruation. A single blood sample was obtained on cycle day 14 for the measurement of plasma progesterone, oestradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH). Vaginal administration of micronized progesterone (300 mg/day) was started on day 15. Cryopreserved embryos were transferred on day 17 or 18 provided that day 14 plasma progesterone remained < or = 0.5 ng/ml, thereby confirming the absence of spontaneous ovulation prior to the administration of exogenous progesterone. Out of 91 cycles studied, plasma progesterone was found to be elevated (> 1 ng/ml) in only three (3.2%). Of the 88 scheduled transfers, 31 did not take place because no embryo survived thawing. In the remaining 57 cycles, 116 embryos were transferred resulting in 10 pregnancies, giving pregnancy and embryo implantation rates of 17.5 and 8.6% respectively. When a positive beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) titre was obtained, supplementation with oral oestradiol and vaginal progesterone was continued until placental autonomy was achieved. Of the 10 pregnancies, five (50%) were lost during the first trimester (biochemical, n = 1; miscarriage, n = 3; ectopic, n = 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
9.
V Barak N Mordel G Zajicek I Kalichman A J Treves N Laufer 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1992,7(7):926-929
The present study was performed to evaluate the correlation between follicular fluid levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels, oocyte fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. Twenty-eight patients with a pure tubal factor and undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were randomly chosen and treated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in the midluteal phase (long protocol) coupled with follicular phase administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin. Transvaginal follicular aspiration was performed 36 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin administration, followed 48 h later by embryo transfer. One hundred and twenty-three follicular fluids were sampled. The mean follicular fluid levels (+/- SD) were 2.30 +/- 0.80 fmol for IL-2, 458.2 +/- 236.0 units/ml for sIL-2R, 28.5 +/- 58.1 ng/ml for oestradiol, 2360.5 +/- 2846 ng/ml for progesterone and 7.22 +/- 7.08 ng/ml for testosterone. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between IL-2 and testosterone levels. No correlation was found between the lymphokines and serum oestradiol, follicular fluid progesterone, oocyte fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy. It may be concluded that significant concentrations of IL-2 and sIL-2R exist in follicular fluid. Wide variations in follicular IL-2 and sIL-2R concentrations of different follicles were found in the same patients. 相似文献
10.
V Barak N Mordel H Holzer G Zajicek A J Treves N Laufer 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1992,7(4):462-464
Data has accumulated suggesting reciprocity between cytokines and the reproductive system. The present study was performed in order to evaluate the correlation between interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) concentrations in follicular fluid and its oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels. A total of 39 follicular fluid samples, from eight patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were evaluated. All of the patients were treated by a midluteal (long) protocol involving a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) coupled with follicular phase human menopausal gonadotrophin. Mean levels in follicular fluid of IL-1, TNF, oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone were 1.58 +/- 0.42 fmol/0.1 ml, 4.69 +/- 4.18 pg/ml, 28.5 +/- 58.1 ng/ml, 2360.5 +/- 2846.3 ng/ml and 7.22 +/- 7.08 ng/ml respectively. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlation between IL-1 and progesterone levels. There was no significant correlation between the different lymphokines and oestradiol secretion, oocyte fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. It is concluded that IL-1 and TNF exist in follicular fluid. It may be hypothesized that IL-1 has a local regulatory action, possibly promoting luteinization. 相似文献
11.
Elevated serum progesterone on the day of HCG administration in IVF is associated with a higher pregnancy rate in polycystic ovary syndrome 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Doldi N Marsiglio E Destefani A Gessi A Merati G Ferrari A 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1999,14(3):601-605
Our study compared 84 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with 84 control patients who had normal ovaries and who were matched for the main determinants of success in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injection were significantly higher in PCOS than in normal patients (oestradiol 2016 +/- 1.8 pg/ml versus 1456 +/- 40.9 pg/ml, P < 0.01; progesterone 1.6 +/- 0.1 ng/ml versus 1.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml, P = 0.03). Furthermore despite oocytes from PCOS patients having a reduced fertilization rate compared with normal patients (61.8 +/- 4.1% versus 73.5 +/- 4.3%, P = 0.03), the differences in pregnancy rate (22.6 versus 19%) and miscarriage (31.5 versus 18.7%) were not statistically significant. In PCOS patients, a critical breakpoint was identified at serum progesterone concentrations of 1.2 ng/ml on the day of HCG injection. The PCOS patients with progesterone > or = 1.2 ng/ml showed a higher pregnancy and miscarriage rate than PCOS patients with progesterone < 1.2 ng/ml (26.6 versus 17.9%, P < 0.01; and 41.7% versus 14.3%, P < 0.01 respectively). These findings suggest that premature progesterone production does not have an adverse effect on pregnancy rate in PCOS, but on the contrary, may be a predictor for success in IVF/embryo transfer. 相似文献
12.
There is evidence that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a potent regulator of oestradiol synthesis by human granulosa and luteal cells; however, the question of whether IGF-I regulates progesterone synthesis by these cell types has yet to be answered. As a first step towards this goal, we have compared the effects of IGF-I, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on progesterone production by human granulosa cells obtained from individual dominant and cohort follicles, and granulosa luteal cells from preovulatory follicles of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Granulosa cells from normal, unstimulated follicles cultured in serum-free medium as controls (no additions) produced some progesterone spontaneously. In all cases, FSH stimulated basal progesterone levels (10-fold average increase) and the effect was dose-dependent (ED50 of FSH = 9.1 +/- 3.9 ng/ml). Similar effects were observed when granulosa cells from large follicles were incubated with HCG (ED50 of HCG = 6.9 +/- 2.8 ng/ml). By comparison, the effects of IGF-I on progesterone production were not marked, being absent in 80% of the follicles tested. However, granulosa cells from healthy follicles co-incubated with IGF-I and FSH or HCG produced more progesterone compared with cells treated with the gonadotrophins alone; this effect of IGF-I was dose dependent (ED50 of IGF-I = 10 ng/ml). When the effect of each agonist was tested on IVF granulosa luteal cells, HCG but not FSH or IGF-I stimulated basal progesterone levels but the HCG effect required a two-day lag phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
13.
Nitric oxide reverses prostaglandin-induced inhibition in ovarian progesterone secretion in rats. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The present studies were undertaken to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of ovarian progesterone and oestradiol secretion in rats. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats at 27 days of age were injected s.c. with 4 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and were killed 72 h after the injection. The ovaries were collected, weighed and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing saline, NO donor, NO synthesis inhibitor or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). After 24 h culture, the medium concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results showed that: (i) diethylenetriamine (DETA)/NO (1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-4) M), an NO donor, caused a dose-dependent increase in progesterone synthesis (355 +/- 43, 443 +/- 46, 647 +/- 55 ng/g ovary respectively, P < 0.01) with a concomitant decrease in ovarian oestradiol secretion (408.1 +/- 50.7, 272.9 +/- 28.2, 132.6 +/- 34.6 pg/g ovary respectively, P < 0.01); (ii) neither progesterone nor oestradiol concentrations in the culture medium were altered by DETA without NO; (iii) NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (1 x 10(-4) M), an inhibitor of NO synthesis, did not significantly affect progesterone and oestradiol secretion by rat ovaries; (iv) PGF2 alpha(1 x 10(-6) M) caused a fall in progesterone and oestradiol synthesis; (v) co-incubation with DETA/NO, significantly reversed the PGF2 alpha-induced decrease in progesterone concentrations from 184 +/- 29 to 388 +/- 60 ng/g (P < 0.01), but not that of oestradiol. It can be concluded that NO up-regulates progesterone secretion and down-regulates oestradiol secretion in rat ovaries, and NO can reverse PGF2 alpha-induced inhibition in ovarian progesterone secretion. 相似文献
14.
15.
Isamu Ishiwata Chieko Ishiwata Masayuki Soma Dhurba Raj Naik Hisashi Hashimoto Tadashi Sudo Hiroshi Ishikawa 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1990,417(6):473-476
Summary The effect of a tumour angiogenesis factor on proliferation of various kinds of cells was examined in vitro. The factor (TAF) a polypeptide of 14000 molecular weight, was extracted and purified from the conditioned medium of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line (HUOCA-II). TAF at concentrations of 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml promoted proliferation of the endothelial cells and induced tube formation. However, it had no stimulatory effect on the proliferation of fibroblasts, endometrial columnar cells, squamous epithelial cells or cancer cells. 相似文献
16.
Montgomery Rice V; Limback SD; Roby KF; Terranova PF 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(5):1285-1291
This study determined effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) alone
and in combination with tumour necrosis factor (TNF), on granulosa cells
from small (5-10 mm diameter) and large (>10-25 mm) follicles during
follicular and luteal phases of the cycle and during periods of acyclicity.
Granulosa cells were collected from ovaries of premenopausal women
undergoing oophorectomy. The cells were cultured with human FSH (2 ng/ml)
and testosterone (1 microM) in the presence or absence of human TNF-alpha
(20 ng/ml). Media were removed at 48 and 96 h after culture and
progesterone, oestradiol and cAMP in media were measured by
radioimmunoassays. FSH stimulated the accumulation of oestradiol from
granulosa cells of small follicles during the follicular and luteal phases
but not during acyclicity; and TNF reduced oestradiol accumulation in the
presence of FSH. Interestingly, in granulosa cells from small follicles,
progesterone and cAMP secretion increased in response to FSH and neither
was affected by TNF. Thus, TNF specifically inhibited the conversion of
testosterone to oestradiol in granulosa cells from small follicles. FSH
stimulated oestradiol production by granulosa cells of large follicles
obtained only during the follicular phase of the cycle and TNF inhibited
the FSH-induced oestradiol secretion. Granulosa cells obtained from large
follicles during the luteal phase and during acyclicity did not accumulate
oestradiol in response to FSH. However, FSH increased progesterone and cAMP
secretion by granulosa cells obtained from large follicles during the
follicular and luteal phases. During the luteal phase alone, TNF in
combination with FSH increased progesterone accumulation above that of FSH
alone. FSH did not increase progesterone, oestradiol or cAMP secretion by
granulosa cells obtained from large follicles during acyclicity. Thus, FSH
increases progesterone, oestradiol and cAMP secretion by granulosa cells of
small follicles during the follicular and luteal phases and TNF appears to
inhibit FSH-induced oestradiol secretion specifically in those cells. In
large follicles, FSH- stimulated granulosa cell secretion of oestradiol is
limited to the follicular phase and this effect can be inhibited by TNF. In
addition, when granulosa cells of large follicles do not increase
oestradiol secretion in response to FSH, TNF stimulates progesterone
secretion.
相似文献
17.
M Fukuoka K Yasuda H Fujiwara H Kanzaki T Mori 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1992,7(10):1361-1364
We have reported that the cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon (IFN) alpha, beta, and gamma modulate the steroidogenic function of human luteinized granulosa cells in culture. In the present study we examined the interactions between these cytokines in modulating progesterone and oestradiol production by these cells. Neither IL-1 nor TNF alpha had significant effects on human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)-stimulated progesterone production, whereas IFN gamma (1-10 ng/ml) significantly reduced HCG-stimulated progesterone production by 26-37%. Concomitant treatment with IL-1 (1 ng/ml) did not further enhance the inhibitory effect of IFN gamma on HCG-stimulated progesterone production. In contrast, the combination of TNF alpha (1 ng/ml) and IFN gamma (10 ng/ml) acted synergistically to markedly inhibit HCG-stimulated progesterone production by 81%. In addition, IL-1 and TNF alpha, neither of which was effective alone, acted synergistically to reduce significantly HCG-stimulated progesterone production by 30%. The combination of TNF alpha and IFN gamma also markedly inhibited follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated oestradiol production by 97%, a significantly greater inhibition than that obtained with either cytokine alone. These results suggest that the cytokines may interact to modulate the steroidogenic function of luteal cells in the developing corpus luteum. 相似文献
18.
The effects of natural and synthetic sex steroids on the proliferationof human decidual capillary endothelial cells in culture wereinvestigated. Oestradiol at 5.0 ng/ml stimulated culture growth.Lower concentrations of oestradiol inhibited growth, while higherconcentrations had no effect. Low concentrations of progesterone(5.0 and 10.0 ng/ml) had no effect on growth, while higher concentrations(20.0 and 40.0 ng/ml) inhibited growth. Combinations of oestradioland progesterone usually reproduced the effects of progesteronealone. 3-Ketodesogestrel and levonorgestrel both inhibited endothelialcell growth, while medroxyprogesterone acetate had no effect.These findings suggest that (i) oestradiol and progesteronehave direct effects on endothelial cells and are probably involvedin the cyclical growth and regression of endometrial blood vesselsin vivo, and (ii) the actions of certain progestogen-only contraceptivesmay have direct effects on endometrial blood vessels. 相似文献
19.
Leptin, the obese (ob) gene product, is secreted by adipocytes and regulates appetite through interaction with hypothalamic leptin receptors. Leptin may also have a stimulatory effect on reproductive function. Furthermore, leptin receptor mRNA is expressed in the ovary, suggesting a direct effect on its function. The present study examines the direct role of leptin on the oestrogen-producing activity in human luteinized granulosa cells. The cells were obtained from in-vitro fertilization pre-ovulatory follicles, precultured for 24 h in the presence of 5% charcoal-treated serum, and incubated for 48-96 h in a serum-free medium containing recombinant human leptin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and/or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). A single addition of leptin (0. 5-10 ng/ml) stimulated aromatase activity with the incubation time of up to 96 h. The addition of leptin (1 ng/ml) further augmented the stimulation by a single addition of FSH (100 ng/ml) or IGF-I (100 ng/ml), or a combination of both. A single addition of leptin (1 ng/ml) or a combination of leptin (1 ng/ml), FSH (100 ng/ml), and IGF-I (100 ng/ml) gave rise to an increase in each parameter of oestrogen-producing activity measured, i.e. P450arom mRNA level, P450arom protein level, aromatase specific activity, and the oestradiol concentration in the culture supernatant. However, the production of progesterone did not change. These results indicate that leptin stimulates oestrogen production by increasing P450arom mRNA and P450arom protein expression and, consequently, aromatase activity by its direct action on the human luteinized granulosa cells. 相似文献
20.
Tarlatzis B.C.; Pazaitou K.; Bili H.; Bontis J.; Papadimas J.; Lagos S.; Spanos E.; Mantalenakis S. 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1993,8(10):1612-1616
Follicular fluid samples and oocytes were obtained from 75 women(87 cycles), who participated in an assisted conception programme.Determinations of the concentration of oestradiol, progesterone,testosterone and growth hormone were performed in all follicularfluid samples. Patients were stimulated with the following regimes:group A (24 cycles, 94 samples), human menopausal gonadotrophin(HMG) (three ampoules/day) and human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG); group B (23 cycles, 53 samples), HMG/HCG with prednisolone(7.5 mg/day) after cycle programming with oral contraceptives;group C (40 cycles, 60 samples), buserelin with HMG/HCG. Oestradiolconcentrations (mean ± SEM) were significantly higher(P < 0.05) in group A (320.1 ± 27.3 ng/ ml) and thoseof growth hormone in both groups A and C (3.8 ± 0.2 and3.2 ± 0.15 ng/ml, respectively), as compared to the othergroups, whereas progesterone and testosterone concentrationswere similar in all groups. The mean concentrations of oestradiol,progesterone, testosterone and growth hormone were significantlyhigher (P < 0.01) in follicular fluid with oocytes of intermediatematurity than with mature oocytes (382.5 ng/ml, 7847.5 ng/ml,1704.5 ng/dl and 3.7 ng/ml versus 217.8 ng/ml, 5488.4 ng/ml,1313.6 ng/dl and 2.7 ng/ml, respectively). On the other hand,only oestradiol concentrations were significantly higher infollicular fluid of fertilized compared to non-fertilized oocytes.Concentrations of the other hormones analysed, except growthhormone, were similar in follicular fluid from pregnant andnon-pregnant women after assisted reproduction. Growth hormone,on the other hand, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) infollicular fluid from pregnant compared to non-pregnant women(2.8 versus 3.5 ng/ml). It is concluded that intermediate maturityoocytes and oocytes which will be subsequently fertilized arefound in follicles with higher follicular fluid concentrationsof growth hormone and steroids. Moreover, oocytes leading topregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer arederived from follicles with lower growth hormone concentrationsin follicular fluid. 相似文献