东北农业大学新生体检ALT升高451例原因分析

目的 通过对东北农业大学新生体检中ALT增高原因进行分析,为大学生保健提供依据。方法 对近3年共13833名新生体验中查出的ALT异常者进行统计分析。结果ALT增高者451例,占3．26％,男生明显高于女生（Х^2=44．75 p〈0．01）。ALT升高原因前四位分别是疲劳占40．6％,肥胖、脂肪肝占17．3％,乙肝表面抗原阳性占11.3％,饮酒占8．6％。结论 新生ALT增高逐年增加,病因多元化,应引起高校重视。     

2004～2007年郑州市某高校新生丙氨酸氨基转移酶增高情况调查

[目的]了解大学入校新生丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)增高情况,探讨其增高的原因,为体检及学校乙型肝炎的预防控制提供依据.[方法]对2004～2007年郑州大学入校体检新生ALT与乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)检测资料进行分析.[结果]2004～2007年合计检测28 789人,HBsAg 阳性者 1 643例,阳性率为5.71%.HBsAg 阳性率,2004～2007年分别为5.65%、7.05%、5.75%、4.57%(P＜0.01),男女生分别为 7.36%、3.15%(P＜0.01).ALT增高者72人,占0.25%.ALT增高者所占比例,2004～2007年分别为0.20%、0.39%、0.26%、0.17%(P＜0.05),男女生分别为 0.38%、0.04%(P<0.01).ALT增高的72人中,单纯ALT增高者39人,ALT增高伴HBsAg阳性者33例.ALT增高伴HBsAg阳性者所占比例,2004～2007年分别为78.57%、57.69%、26.32%、15.38%(P＜0.01).72例初检ALT增高者复检ALT仍然增高者32人,占44.44%.其中,伴有HBsAg阳性者仍然增高的占84.85%,单纯ALT增高者仍然增高的占10.26%(P＜0.01).[结论]大学新生初检ALT增高的原因以非乙肝因素为主,应在休息一段时间后复查.     

浙江省金华市2007年普通高校招生体检中 ALT异常的结果分析

[目的]通过10534例浙江省金华市高校考生体检中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）阳性检出率,对高校考生ALT增高的原因进行分析。[方法]ALT测定方法为紫外乳酸脱氢酶法（LDH-UV法）,仪器为SYSMEX-180全自动化分析仪,试剂为SYSMEX公司生产,正常值为0IU/L～50.0IU/L。[结果]检查高校考生体检者10534例,ALT增高者411例,占3.90%,由乙型肝炎病毒导致的120例,占29.20%,其他原因的291例,占70.80%。而291例当中由营养补品导致的占31.27%,血脂增高导致的占38.14%。[结论]研究显示我市乙肝疫苗计划免疫比较成功,乙肝阳性率明显降低。但血清ALT异常增高,其中营养补品、脂肪肝对肝脏功能损害的比例较高,应引起足够重视。     

淮南职业技术学院2008—2011年新生体检结果分析

目的了解淮南职业技术学院2008—2011年新生体质健康状况和变化趋势,为开展学校卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法对淮南职业技术学院2008—2011年入学的11 386名新生体格检查数据(身高、体重、血压、视力等)进行分析。结果 2008—2012年入学新生身高值逐年增高,体重、体质量指数、血压均在正常值范围波动。在所有学生中,视力不良占63.39%,乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性占3.14%,高血压占3.08%,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)异常占2.39%,辨色力异常占1.59%,肥胖占1.19%。结论新生体质健康与形态发育良好,视力不良患病率较高,HBsAg阳性、ALT异常、高血压、肥胖等也有一定的检出率。     

某高校新生HBsAg和ALT检测结果分析

目的了解大学新生HBsAg携带和ALT的异常及变化情况,为大学生乙肝的防治工作提供科学依据。方法对某高校2007—2009年大学新生HBsAg和ALT的检测结果进行统计分析。结果三届新生中乙肝标志物五项全阴模式占44.44%,HBsAb阳性模式占49.81%。HBsAg总的阳性率为4.90%,男生HBsAg阳性率为6.8%,女生HBsAg阳性率为4.0%,男生HBsAg阳性率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.32,P<0.01)。ALT异常率平均为1.19%,其中男生异常检出率为1.87%,女生为0.86%,各届男生ALT异常率明显高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=17.12,P<0.01)。三届新生HBsAg阳性伴ALT异常检出率占总人数的0.78%;在HBsAg阳性新生中ALT异常率为15.94%。结论高校医疗保健中心要经常对高校学生的进行健康教育,加强对乙肝病毒携带者的防治和保健、控制传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感人群,显得尤其重要。     

北京大学2003年新生HBV携带及ALT情况调查

目的 了解新生的HBsAg携带及ALT状况,给乙肝的防治工作提供科学依据.方法 采集静脉血进行HBsAg和ALT检测,并对结果进行分析.结果 本次调查学生5 885人,HBsAg阳性率为5.9%,ALT异常率为2.07%,HBsAg阳性合并ALT异常者占0.51%.ALT异常因素中,乙型肝炎和饮酒是重要因素.结论 新生入学时进行HBsAg和ALT的检测是必要的,是防治乙肝的重要措施.     

北京大学2003年新生HBV携带及ALT情况调查

目的了解新生的HBsAg携带及ALT状况,给乙肝的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采集静脉血进行HBsAg和ALT检测,并对结果进行分析。结果本次调查学生5885人,HBsAg阳性率为5·9%,ALT异常率为2·07%,HBsAg阳性合并ALT异常者占0·51%。ALT异常因素中,乙型肝炎和饮酒是重要因素。结论新生入学时进行HBsAg和ALT的检测是必要的,是防治乙肝的重要措施。     

大学新生超重和肥胖与血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶及血尿酸相关性分析

摘要:目的　分析大学新生超重和肥胖对血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）及血尿酸（UA）检测结果的影响,探讨超重和肥胖与ALT及UA水平的相关性。方法　对5 269名大学新生入学体检检测ALT、UA及身高体重,分析大学新生超重和肥胖和ALT及UA的异常率,并对体质指数（BMI）正常组和超重组及肥胖组的ALT和UA检测结果进行比较。结果　5 269名大学生的超重率为17.14%;肥胖率为5.9%;ALT异常率为3.51%;UA异常率为15.43%;各项指标男性显著高于女性（P＜0.01）。ALT和UA的异常率在超重组和肥胖组明显高于BMI正常组,且随着BMI增高而增高（P＜0.01）。结论　大学生超重和肥胖与ALT和UA水平密切相关,应早期加强大学生超重和肥胖的干预,加强大学生的体育锻炼,倡导健康的生活方式。     

某高校6届新生军训前后ALT检测结果分析

<正>高校新生入学后军训期间,校医院认真进行学生体检复查,在体检中发现病情及时与学生管理部门沟通,避免意外的发生。从连续几年的新生入学体检中发现,军训期间新生的丙酸氨基转移酶(ALT)增高的较多,ALT升高者在军训结束2周后进行复查。连续5年在新生中监测ALT,并明确病因,以     

咸宁学院1991-2000年新生HBsAg和ALT检测结果分析

目的掌握咸宁学院入学新生乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)异常情况,为高校医疗保健和预防工作提供依据。方法采用现况调查对1991-2000年入学新生进行HBsAg(RPHA)和ALT(改良赖氏法)检测。结果10年间4506名新生中HBsAg总阳性率为9.9%、ALT总异常率6.55%、HBsAg阳性伴有ALT异常率为0.80%;城镇新生HBsAg阳性率为8.8%,农村新生阳性率为10.2%,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);男性新生阳性率为11.4%,女性新生阳性率为7.2%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01)。男性新生ALT异常率为6.57%,女性新生ALT异常率为6.50%,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);城镇新生ALT异常率为5.49%,农村新生ALT异常率为6.89%,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);省内外新生ALT分别为6.97%和10.04%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论高校新生入学检测HBsAg和ALT,对做好大学生乙肝防治和医疗保健工作具有重要意义。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.