北京市农村地区 0～6 岁儿童伤害状况分析

目的 了解北京市农村地区 0～6 岁儿童伤害发生的现状和疾病负担,探讨家庭安全隐患对儿童伤害的影响,为实施干预措施提供理论依据.方法 采用多级整群抽样方法,对平谷区 3 个镇 53 个行政村和 25 个幼儿园的 2 558 名 0～6 岁儿童进行伤害状况调查及家庭安全状况观测.结果 平谷区 0～6 岁儿童非致命性伤害发生率为 6.45%,伤害发生的高峰为 2 岁年龄段,男女性别比为 1.50∶1.伤害类型前 5 位依次为跌伤(38.18%)、动物咬伤(27.88%)、烧烫伤(15.15%)、锐器伤(5.45%)和被下落物击中伤(3.03%).伤害主要发生在夏、秋季.伤害医疗费用支出平均为 708.09元.大多数家庭存在 5～14 个安全隐患,家庭安全隐患越多,儿童伤害发生率越高.结论 北京市农村 0～6 岁儿童伤害情况较为严重,并给家庭及社会造成严重的经济负担,应该针对儿童伤害的危险因素,制定干预措施,减少儿童伤害的发生.     

240例交通事故伤临床诊治分析

我院虽为厂矿职工医院 ,但位于人口密集、市场繁荣、10 7国道纵贯其中的豫南重镇 ,因而外科患者的 5 0 %以上为车祸伤。现将 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年收住我院 2 4 0例交通事故伤的诊治情况分析如下。1　临床资料1.1.　一般资料　交通事故伤 2 4 0例中 ,男 12 8例 ( 5 3.4 % ) ,女 112例 ( 4 6 .6 % ) ,年龄 :<18岁 10 2例 ( 4 2 % ) ,18～ (岁 ) 5 7例 ( 2 4 % ) ,≥ 6 0 (岁 ) 81例 ( 34% ) ,职业 :农民 184例 ,学生 2 1例 ,其他 35例。1.2.　致伤原因　汽车致伤 12 4例 ,农用运输车致伤 2 6例 ,摩托车致伤 6 5例 ,自行车致伤 2 5例。1.3.　损…     

广州市老年人伤害原因的调查分析

以整群抽样方法对广州市部分医院 6 0岁及以上的住院病人和干休所的老人 90 0人进行伤害原因调查。结果 :共发生 14种伤害 ,其总发生率为 53.77% ,前 6种伤害依次为 :交通伤(11.0 7% )、烧烫伤 (5.94 % )、碰撞伤 (5.2 5% )、刀或锐器伤 (4 .4 5% )、坠落 (3.0 8% )、动物咬伤(1 96 % )。女性发生率是男性的 1.2 2倍 ,且女性跌伤较多 (34.6 8% ) ,男性则以交通伤发生为多(13 55% )。随着年龄增加 ,伤害发生率也增加。跌伤的平均损失为 2 4 6 97.2 3元 ,交通伤平均损失94 99.6 2元。认为伤害严重威胁老年人的生命安全 ,应针对伤害原因采取有效措施。     

桂西少数民族中小学生意外伤害调查分析

目的　了解桂西少数民族地区中小学生伤害发生现况和常见伤害的种类及原因 ,为伤害干预提供依据。方法　采用分层整群抽样方法 ,问卷调查了百色地区 3 70 9名 6～ 18岁中小学生在 2 0 0 2年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月中伤害的发生情况。结果　意外伤害总发生率为 44 .0 0 % ,男生伤害发生率 (4 8.87% )高于女生伤害发生率 (3 9.5 5 % ) ,壮族、瑶族、苗族、彝族等意外伤害的发生率均比汉族的高。其中 ,瑶族的意外伤害发生率最高 ,男性尤为明显 (χ2 =10 .48,P <0 .0 1) ,且瑶族在跌伤 (2 5 .3 7% )、碰伤 (10 .44 % )、刀割伤 (13 .43 % )中比其他各民族的发生率要高。结论　对不同民族和性别的中小学生 ,积极做好安全防范措施 ,是减少意外伤害发生的关键     

西宁市居民伤害流行病学调查分析

目的 :了解居民伤害发生率、伤害发生的类型与原因、分布特征、相关危险因素及其所造成的经济负担等 ,为制定伤害防治策略及措施提供科学依据。方法 :采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法 ,于 2 0 0 2年 8月～ 9月对西宁市城西区 85 4 1名居民进行了伤害调查。结果 :伤害的发生率为 4 .0 7% ,前 5位伤害依次为跌伤 (2 .0 3% )、交通伤 (0 .5 6 % )、碰伤 (0 .4 1% )、刀或锐器伤 (0 .33% )、烧烫伤 (0 .2 7% )。男性伤害发生率为 4 .6 1% ,高于女性伤害发生率 (3.5 5 %。)。结论 :应针对伤害发生的类型及原因采取有效措施 ,减少居民伤害的发生。     

北京市农村地区0～6岁儿童伤害状况分析

目的了解北京市农村地区0~6岁儿童伤害发生的现状和疾病负担,探讨家庭安全隐患对儿童伤害的影响,为实施干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用多级整群抽样方法,对平谷区3个镇53个行政村和25个幼儿园的2 558名0~6岁儿童进行伤害状况调查及家庭安全状况观测。结果平谷区0~6岁儿童非致命性伤害发生率为6.45%,伤害发生的高峰为2岁年龄段,男女性别比为1.50∶1。伤害类型前5位依次为跌伤(38.18%)、动物咬伤(27.88%)、烧烫伤(15.15%)、锐器伤(5.45%)和被下落物击中伤(3.03%)。伤害主要发生在夏、秋季。伤害医疗费用支出平均为708.09元。大多数家庭存在5~14个安全隐患,家庭安全隐患越多,儿童伤害发生率越高。结论北京市农村0~6岁儿童伤害情况较为严重,并给家庭及社会造成严重的经济负担,应该针对儿童伤害的危险因素,制定干预措施,减少儿童伤害的发生。     

骨盆骨折及其并发症的治疗

骨盆骨折是一种常见的严重创伤 ,随着工农业的发展 ,交通工具不断增加 ,而工伤事故、交通事故导致的骨盆骨折也有所增多。我科自 1990年至 2 0 0 0年共收治骨盆骨折 112例 ,现将治疗情况总结如下 :1 临床资料1 1　一般资料　男 6 4例 ,女 4 8例 ,年龄最小 5岁 ,最大 86岁 ;其中 2 0岁以下者 2 3例 ,2 1岁至 4 0岁 5 8例 ,4 1岁以上者 31例 ;以 2 1～ 4 0岁青壮年发病率最高 ,占 5 1.8%。致伤原因 :车祸伤 6 9例 ,挤压伤 17例 ,坠落伤 15例 ,其他原因致伤 11例 ,其中车祸致伤率最高 ,占 6 1.6 %。按其并发症发生率的高低依次为 :①骨盆骨折并…     

2009年上饶市儿童伤害调查分析

目的 通过对2009年上饶市儿童伤害调查情况的分析,了解儿童伤害的发生情况.方法 采用三阶段:分层、整群与规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法,运用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计分析.结果 共调查该市0～17周岁儿童16 267名,1年内发生各种类型伤害847例,伤害发生率为5.21%.各年龄组中以1～4岁组为最高(6.38%),依次为5～9岁组(6.09%)、10～14岁组(5.19%)、15～17组(3.00%),0岁组(1.25%)最低.各年龄组伤害发生率男性均高于女性.儿童伤害类型中,伤害类型排在前三位的是动物致伤316例(37.31%),跌伤220例(25.98%),道路交通伤106例(12.52%).结论 预防控制伤害已成为儿童健康与发展的主要公共卫生问题,因此应根据不同年龄儿童伤害流行特征,采取有针对性的预防干预措施.     

下颌骨折261例治疗分析

下颌骨位于面下部突出部位 ,易遭遇外力打击发生骨折 ,其骨折的发生率占面部骨折的 5 0 %～ 84 % [1] 。本文对我院1984年 5月— 2 0 0 3年 10月下颌骨折 2 6 1例患者的临床治疗进行总结分析 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1.　一般资料　本组 2 6 1例 ,男 2 0 6例 ,女 5 5例 ,年龄 7～ 71岁 ,其中 2 0～ 5 0岁 2 0 1例 ,占 77%。1.2. 　致伤原因　车祸伤 10 8例 (4 1.3% ) ,跌伤 74例(2 8.4 % ) ,打击伤 4 4例 (16 .9% ) ,其他原因伤 35例(13.4 % )。1.3.　骨折部位　颏部骨折 82例 (31.4 % ) ,其中单发骨折 4 3例 ,双发 14例 ,粉碎性骨折 17例 …     

56例前牙损伤的临床诊治体会

前牙外伤无论是平时、战时发生率都很高 ,前牙外伤虽不危及生命 ,但疼痛剧烈 ,影响咀嚼、发音、外观等 ,误诊、误治经常发生 ,给伤病员造成很大痛苦。我院自 1 996年— 2 0 0 1年共救治前牙损伤的病员 56例 ,现报告如下。资料与方法1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　本组 56例中男 47例 ,女 9例 ;年龄 1 4岁～ 55岁 ,平均年龄 3 1 .3岁 ;伤后来院就诊时间 3 0分～ 6天 ,平均 6 .5小时 ;伤因 :车祸致伤 3 2例 ,摔倒致伤 1 1例 ,拳击及碰撞致伤 9例 ,爆炸致伤 4例。合并其他部位复合伤 2 8例 (合并颅脑外伤 9例 ,合并上 下颌骨骨折 8例 ,合并眼部外…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.