中国南海总合草苔虫抗癌活性成分研究:一个新的大环内酯的分离鉴定

目的：研究中国南海总合草苔虫中的抗癌活性成分。方法：通过分级萃取和多种硅胶柱层析(Sephadex LH-20凝胶过滤、ODS反相层析和HPLC)追踪分离抗癌活性成分;利用电喷雾离子质谱(ESI-MS)和高分辨(600MHz)核磁共振二维谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果：分离得到一个新的具有显著抗肿瘤活性的大环内酯bryostatin 19(1)。同时还首次自中国海域的该种苔虫中分离鉴定了5个bryostatins类大环内酯抗癌活性化合物：bryostatin 4,5,6,10,18。Bryostatin 19显示很强的体外抗癌活性,对U937细胞的ED50值为3．2nmol／L。结论：我国南海总合草苔虫资源丰富,并且含有新结构的抗癌活性草苔电内酯．本研究结果为今后的新药研制与开发提供了参考。     

总合草苔虫中抗癌活性成分的提取和含量测定

目的:建立总合草苔虫原料样品的预处理方法,用RP-HPLC法测定其中抗癌活性成分草苔虫内酯含量.方法:采用3种不同方法提取原料中草苔虫内酯,初提液经过硅胶柱和反相ODS柱纯化,然后用RP-HPLC法测定.结果:二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)超声提取液中草苔虫内酯含量较高;HPLC可以同时测定原料中的草苔虫内酯4、5、10和18,峰形和分离度良好.结论:该方法可以方便地测定原料中的活性成分含量,为原料的质量控制奠定了基础.     

中国南海海绵Jaspis stellifera中异臭椿型萜类成分研究

目的:对采自中国南海海域海绵Jaspis stellifera中异臭椿型萜类成分进行分离鉴定.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱和HPLC制备色谱和重结晶方法分离纯化得到单体化合物,采用有机波谱方法鉴定化合物结构.结果:从Jaspis stellifera氯仿层萃取物中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为22,23-dihydrostellettin B(1)、isogeoditin A(2)、stellettin A(3)、stellettin B (4)、jaspolide B(5).结论:化合物1和2为首次从该属海绵中分离得到的异臭椿型萜类成分.     

中国南海海绵Ircinia sp.中化学成分的研究

目的:对采自广西涠洲岛海域海绵Ircinia sp.进行化学研究以获得结构新颖的新化合物。方法:运用高速逆流色谱、凝胶渗透色谱、硅胶柱色谱和半制备型高效液相色谱等多种技术分离纯化,再通过氢谱、碳谱和质谱等谱学解析方法鉴定出单体成分的结构。结果:从海绵Ircinia sp.中分离鉴定出5个化合物,分别命名为cholest-7-en-6R-methoxy-3S,5R-diol(1),cholest-7-en-3S,5R,6R-triol(2),cholest-7,22-dien-6R-methoxy-3S,5R-diol(3),鲨肝醇(4)和邻苯二甲酸正丁酯(5)。结论:化合物1～3为首次从该属海绵中分离得到。     

新的抗肿瘤活性物质bryostatin国外研究概况

bryostatin 1是从海洋苔藓虫Bugula neritina Linnaeus(总合草苔虫,又称多室草苔虫)中分离提取的一种具有抗肿瘤活性的大环内酯类化合物.1982年美国亚里桑那州立大学Pettit研究小组用活性跟踪的方法,首次分离得到并用质谱、X射线衍射等方法确定了它的结构[1].体外试验表明,bryostatin 1对P388淋巴细胞白血病细胞具有一定的活性(ED50为0.89 μg/ml),体内试验以10～70 mg/kg剂量给药,延长寿命率达52%～92%.经美国国立癌症研究院(NCI)生物鉴定,bryostatin 1现已进入Ⅱ期临床试验,是极有希望的新型抗癌症药物.笔者主要对bryostatin 1的生物活性和临床试验的国外进展加以概述.     

朝药草芍药的抗肿瘤活性成分研究

[目的]研究朝药草芍药的抗肿瘤活性成分.[方法]采用多种色谱法进行分离纯化,利用核磁共振波谱法(1 H-NMR和13 C-NMR)对单体化合物进行结构鉴定.检测所得化合物对人肺小细胞肺癌(NCI-H460)、胃癌(MKN-28)及肺腺癌(A-549)细胞的抑制率.[结果]利用1 H-NMR和13C-NMR最终确定了草芍药二氯甲烷层的4个化合物结构,分别为木犀草素(1)、阿魏酸(2)、2-(3,4)-Dihydroxy phenyl ethyl acetate(3)和松柏醛(4).化合物1~4的IC50值范围在33.57~91.20μmol/L.[结果]化合物2~4首次从该植物中分离得到;化合物1~4表现出适度的抗肿瘤活性.     

具有抗肿瘤活性的胡萝卜脂溶性成分研究

目的:对胡萝卜脂溶性部位的化学成分进行研究,以期从中分离出具有抗肿瘤活性的单体化合物.方法:胡萝卜提取采用溶剂萃取、薄层色谱、柱色谱、高效液相色谱等化学方法,结构鉴定采用测定理化常数、1H-NMR13C-NMR、紫外等方法.结果:从胡萝卜的脂溶性部位分离得到3个化合物:β-谷甾醇、Laserlne、Epilas-erine,其中Epilaserine对白血病细胞HL-60有显著的抑制活性,Laserine、Epilaserine系从胡萝卜中提取得到.结论:胡萝卜中的Laserine、Epilaserine具有抗肿瘤活性.     

板蓝根化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

目的 从板蓝根中提取分离活性成分。方法 通过溶剂法提取得到水溶性部位，色谱法分离得到单体化合物，并利用其理化常数和波谱法鉴定及解析单体成分的化学结构。结果 从板蓝根的正丁醇部位分离到3个水溶性成分。结论 解析和鉴定其结构分别为：β-正丁基-D-塔格糖苷(β-n-butyl-D-tagatopyranoside，Ⅰ)、水杨酸(salicylic acid，Ⅱ)、苯甲酸(benzoicacid，Ⅲ)。其中化合物Ⅰ为新化合物。     

利用稻瘟霉分生孢子筛选有生物活性的海洋生物

目的:筛选有生物活性的海洋生物并研究其活性成分.方法:采用稻瘟霉模型筛选海洋生物提取物的活性,利用多种层析手段和波谱技术对活性提取物跟踪分离并鉴定其成分.结果:实验发现20种海洋生物醇提物和5种水提物对稻瘟霉显示生物活性,从叶托马尾藻、铁钉菜和蓝斑背肛海兔中分离鉴定了56个化合物,其中28个对稻瘟霉显示活性且对不同肿瘤细胞株显示不同强度的细胞毒性,8个化合物对裴氏着色真菌具抑制作用.结论:利用稻瘟霉模型对海洋生物的活性成分进行跟踪分离是可行的.     

绞股蓝的化学成分研究

目的：对葫芦科植物绞股蓝的抗肿瘤活性皂苷成分进行研究。方法：利用色谱的方法分离活性皂苷成分，利用波谱和化学方法鉴定各单体皂苷成分的化学结构。结果：从绞股蓝的地上部分离得到多个化合物，鉴定了其中5个皂苷成分的结构：3－0－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基2α，3β，12β，20（S）－3羟基－达玛烷24－烯20－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖苷（1），GynosaponinTN-1(2),Gypenoside LXXⅦ（3），Gypenoside XLⅥ（4）和Gynseoside Rd(5)，其中化合物1为新天然产物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.