江苏省狂犬病疾病负担研究

目的 通过对江苏省狂犬病的疾病负担进行统计分析和综合评价,为制定疾病防制策略提供参考依据.方法 收集2008-2018年江苏省狂犬病疫情资料,进行流行病学特征分析,同时使用世界卫生组织(WHO)公布的计算工具评估因狂犬病早死导致的伤残调整寿命年(DALYs),并结合人力资本法评估早死间接经济负担.结果 2008-201...     

利用DALY分析湖北省某市城区恶性肿瘤疾病负担

目的分析十堰市城市居民恶性肿瘤疾病负担情况,为制定相应防治策略和卫生规划提供科学依据。方法根据十堰市城区死因监测数据,计算城区居民死亡率、伤残调整寿命年（disabilityadjustedlifeyear,DALY）,评价十堰市城区居民肿瘤疾病负担。结果十堰市恶性肿瘤疾病负担过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）、伤残调整寿命年（DALY）分别为20．27／1000、0．70／1000、20．97／1000;DALYs构成前5位的恶性肿瘤分别为肝癌（24．41％）,气管、支气管、肺癌（21．77％）,胃癌（11．71％）,食道癌（8．00％）,结肠直肠癌（6．05％）;DALYs随年龄段的增加而增加,15—29岁年龄段女性DALYs略高于男性,其他年龄段男性DALYs均高于女性。结论十堰市城区居民恶性肿瘤疾病负担处于平均水平,肝癌,气管、支气管、肺癌、胃癌,食道癌,结肠直肠癌疾病负担较重。     

The burden of disease and injury in Serbia

BACKGROUND: In the last decade of the 20th century, a considerable effort has been put into the development of summary measures of population health that combine information on mortality and non-fatal health outcomes. We used the DALYs (Disability adjusted life years) method to assess the burden of disease and injury in the population of Serbia. METHODS: Our study, largely based on the methods developed for the Global burden of disease study, was conducted between October 2002 and September 2003. DALYs, stratified by gender and age, were calculated for 18 selected health conditions for the population of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro for 2000. Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated using country mortality statistics, while years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated using different sources of information. Also, the YLD/YYL ratio and age-adjusted rates of DALYs were calculated. RESULTS: Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, lung cancer, unipolar depressive disorders, and diabetes mellitus were responsible for almost two-thirds (70%) of the total burden of 18 selected disorders in Serbia 2000. The leading five causes for males were ischaemic heart disease (26.1 DALY per 1000), stroke (17.9), lung cancer (12.7), road traffic accidents (6.5), and self-inflicted injuries (5.5). For females, the leading five causes were stroke (18.1 DALY per 1000), ischaemic heart disease (14.1), depression (8.7), breast cancer (6.1), and diabetes mellitus (5.2). CONCLUSIONS: The final results of the study have shown that the national health priority areas should cover cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and mental health.     

上海市徐汇区80岁以下居民糖尿病疾病负担及其趋势分析

[目的]对上海市徐汇区居民糖尿病进行疾病负担的测量和分析,探讨其演变趋势. [方法]数据源自1999-2011年上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心死亡登记系统,对象为所有80岁以下、徐汇区户籍、死因为糖尿病的居民共计1780人.分别计算残疾损失健康生命年(YLD)、死亡损失年(YLL)及伤残调整寿命年(DALY),并对DALY作时间趋势检验,对具有时间趋势特征者建立灰色动态模型GM(1,1)进行预测. [结果]近13年该区80岁以下糖尿病DALY均高于2004年全国水平和新兴市场经济体;男、女性糖尿病所致残疾负担均远高于死亡负担,残疾所致负担占67.5％;近13年男性糖尿病DALY有随时间延长而增长的趋势(u=2.92,P＜0.01),利用灰色动态模型预测2012-2013年徐汇区80岁以下糖尿病的每千人DALY分别为7.66、8.26. [结论]该区糖尿病疾病负担较重,糖尿病所致残疾负担较死亡负担严重,男性疾病负担有上升的趋势.     

某市居民主要恶性肿瘤疾病负担分析

摘要:目的　分析2014年某市居民主要恶性瘤疾病负担情况,为卫生行政部门制定肿瘤防治措施提供参考依据。方法　对2014年某市居民主要恶性肿瘤发病和死亡病例资料进行统计分析,利用全球疾病负担研究中使用的专门公式计算恶性肿瘤的死亡损失生命年（YLL）、伤残损失年（YLD）和伤残调整寿命年（DALY）评价该地居民主要恶性肿瘤的疾病负担。结果　该地居民由恶性肿瘤导致的疾病负担为每千人22.7251个DALYs,其中YLLs为17.2218,占75.78%,YLDs为5.5033,占24.22%。DALY前5位的恶性肿瘤为肝癌（26.59%）、肺癌（14.50%）、胃癌（7.91%）、宫颈癌（7.47%）、鼻咽癌（4.00%）,占到该市居民全部恶性肿瘤疾病负担的60.47%。男性居民由恶性肿瘤导致的疾病负担为女性的1.70倍,肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、肠癌、白血病的DALYs男性高于女性,而鼻咽癌、胰腺癌、淋巴癌的DALYs女性高于男性,男性与女性DALY顺位有所不同。结论　该市居民恶性肿瘤疾病负担主要由早死所致,肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌和鼻咽癌是恶性肿瘤防治的重点。     

2008-2013年广西居民恶性肿瘤疾病负担的研究

目的 了解广西恶性肿瘤所造成的疾病负担,探讨其现状及发展趋势,为有针对性的制定肿瘤防治策略提供参考依据。方法 收集广西7个疾病监测点死因监测系统中居民因恶性肿瘤死亡的数据,用伤残调整寿命年（disability adjusted life year,DALY）计算恶性肿瘤的疾病负担。结果 2008-2013年广西居民恶性肿瘤疾病负担为373 684.40人年,其中男性占68.36%,女性31.64%;每千人DALY损失为17.91,男性为23.26 DALYs/千人,女性为11.96 DALYs/千人。2008-2011年恶性肿瘤DALY和DALY强度逐年增高,2011-2013年逐年减少。恶性肿瘤DALY强度最大的年龄段是70岁以上。疾病负担最重的前5位肿瘤为肝癌,气管、支气管与肺癌、其他恶性肿瘤、胃癌和结直肠癌。结论 广西恶性肿瘤疾病负担处于全国平均水平,但仍需进一步加强肿瘤防治工作。     

Burden of Disease Associated with Dietary Exposure to Aflatoxins in China in 2020

Aflatoxins (AFTs), as a group 1 carcinogen, could lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dietary intake is the primary way of AFT exposure in humans. However, the contribution of foodborne AFT intake to the HCC burden remains unknown in recent years in China. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate the burden of HCC attributed to foodborne AFT exposure by using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The risk assessment was used to estimate the incidence of HCC related to AFT exposure. Concentrations of AFTs in peanuts, peanut oil, corn, and corn products were retrieved from literature published between 2010 and 2020 in China. Corresponding daily food consumption data were obtained from two nationwide Chinese surveys. A direct approach was used to calculate DALY and DALY rates to quantify the HCC burden attributed to dietary AFT exposure. The total amount of AFT intake through peanut, peanut oil, corn, and corn products was 4.018 ng/kg bw/day resulting in 0.125 extra HCC cases per year/100,000 persons, corresponding to a DALY number and DALY rate of 21,625.08 and 1.53 per 100,000 population, respectively. Regionally, DALYs were high in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, corresponding to 5948 and 5595 DALYs. A total of 1.5 DALYs/100,000 were lost due to the AFT exposure. DALYs per 100,000 population were higher in several coastal areas. Though the disease burden of HCC caused by dietary AFTs was low in the Chinese population, a high health risk was found in the residents of some areas with high AFT exposure. AFTs are still a health challenge for the Chinese people.     

我国女性乳腺癌所致DALY疾病负担：2000-2050年分析与预测

目的 基于全球疾病负担项目2019年最新开放数据,分析我国女性人群因乳腺癌所致伤残调整寿命年（DALY）负担的现况、既往与未来并行国际比较。方法 摘录描述DALY总数、世界标化率值及不同亚组构成,分析我国女性乳腺癌2000-2019年趋势、2019年现况与国际现况比较;利用Joinpoint行2050年预测,主要指标为平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）。结果 2000-2019年,我国女性乳腺癌所致的DALY数在所有女性癌种中的顺位由第四位升至第二位,DALY总数增长了48.4%,其中伤残损失寿命年的占比从4.8%增至8.8%;标化DALY率仅有略微下降（AAPC=-0.3%,其中2016-2019年转为上升,AAPC=1.6%）。2019年,我国女性乳腺癌所致标化DALY率为278.0/10万,DALY数为287.7万人年（占全球乳腺癌的14.2%,占我国女性全部癌种负担的12.1%）,其中26.5%有明确归因（以超重与肥胖最多,为33.6万人年;月经、生育等常见乳腺癌影响因素相关数据在平台未见）;预测提示,2050年,我国女性乳腺癌所致DALY总数将达380.0万人年~516.2万人年,较2019年增加32.1%~79.4%。年龄分布方面,2000-2019年,年龄别DALY数和DALY率峰值均后移,年龄≥ 65岁者的DALY数较<65岁者增长更快（AAPC分别为4.8%和1.3%）;2019年的45~74岁（中国女性乳腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南推荐筛查起始年龄）女性贡献了全部DALY负担的74.3%。结论 近20年我国女性乳腺癌所致DALY率基本未变,近年甚至有增加;若无持续扩大的有效干预,伴随人口老龄化的放大作用,乳腺癌所致DALY在我国女性人群的负担将会加重。乳腺癌主要危险因素相关DALY负担归因数据报道仍有限。     

Burden of Cervical Cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region During the Years 2000 and 2017: Retrospective Data Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

BackgroundCervical cancer is a growing health concern, especially in resource-limited settings.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the burden of cervical cancer mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and globally between the years 2000 and 2017 by using a pooled data analysis approach.MethodsWe used an ecological approach at the country level. This included extracting data from publicly available databases and linking them together in the following 3 steps: (1) extraction of data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in the years 2000 and 2017, (2) categorization of EMR countries according to the World Bank gross domestic product per capita, and (3) linking age-specific population data from the Population Statistics Division of the United Nations (20-29 years, 30-49 years, and >50 years) and GBD’s data with gross national income per capita and globally extracted data, including cervical cancer mortality and DALY numbers and rates per country. The cervical cancer mortality rate was provided by the GBD study using the following formula: number of cervical cancer deaths × 100,000/female population in the respective age group.ResultsThe absolute number of deaths due to cervical cancer increased from the year 2000 (n=6326) to the year 2017 (n=8537) in the EMR; however, the mortality rate due to this disease decreased from the year 2000 (2.7 per 100,000) to the year 2017 (2.5 per 100,000). According to age-specific data, the age group ≥50 years showed the highest mortality rate in both EMR countries and globally, and the age group of 20-29 years showed the lowest mortality rate both globally and in the EMR countries. Further, the rates of cervical cancer DALYs in the EMR were lower compared to the global rates (2.7 vs 6.8 in 2000 and 2.5 vs 6.8 in 2017 for mortality rate per 100,000; 95.8 vs 222.2 in 2000 and 86.3 vs 211.8 in 2017 for DALY rate per 100,000; respectively). However, the relative difference in the number of DALYs due to cervical cancer between the year 2000 and year 2017 in the EMR was higher than that reported globally (34.9 vs 24.0 for the number of deaths and 23.5 vs 18.1 for the number of DALYs, respectively).ConclusionsWe found an increase in the burden of cervical cancer in the EMR as per the data on the absolute number of deaths and DALYs. Further, we found that the health care system has an increased number of cases to deal with, despite the decrease in the absolute number of deaths and DALYs. Cervical cancer is preventable if human papilloma vaccination is taken and early screening is performed. Therefore, we recommend identifying effective vaccination programs and interventions to reduce the burden of this disease.     

Tuberculosis DALY-Gap: Spatial and Quantitative Comparison of Disease Burden Across Urban Slum and Non-slum Census Tracts

To quantitatively assess disease burden due to tuberculosis between populations residing in and outside of urban informal settlements in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we compared disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), or “DALY-gap.” Using the 2010 Brazilian census definition of informal settlements as aglomerados subnormais (AGSN), we allocated tuberculosis (TB) DALYs to AGSN vs non-AGSN census tracts based on geocoded addresses of TB cases reported to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases in 2005 and 2010. DALYs were calculated based on the 2010 Global Burden of Disease methodology. DALY-gap was calculated as the difference between age-adjusted DALYs/100,000 population between AGSN and non-AGSN. Total TB DALY in Rio in 2010 was 16,731 (266 DALYs/100,000). DALYs were higher in AGSN census tracts (306 vs 236 DALYs/100,000), yielding a DALY-gap of 70 DALYs/100,000. Attributable DALY fraction for living in an AGSN was 25.4 %. DALY-gap was highest for males 40–59 years of age (501 DALYs/100,000) and in census tracts with <60 % electricity (12,327 DALYs/100,000). DALY-gap comparison revealed spatial and quantitative differences in TB burden between slum vs non-slum census tracts that were not apparent using traditional measures of incidence and mortality. This metric could be applied to compare TB burden or burden for other diseases in mega-cities with large informal settlements for more targeted resource allocation and evaluation of intervention programs.     

1990年与2017年中国0~19岁人群跌倒疾病负担分析

目的 分析和比较1990年和2017年中国0~19岁人群跌倒疾病负担,为制定该人群的跌倒预防控制策略措施提供依据。方法 利用全球疾病负担2017研究结果,选取因跌倒死亡数、死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）、YLL率、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）、YLD率、伤残调整寿命年（DALY）和DALY率等指标,对中国0~19岁人群跌倒疾病负担进行描述,通过比较1990年和2017年相应指标的变化,描述疾病负担变化情况。结果 2017年中国0~19岁人群因跌倒造成的死亡人数、YLL、YLD和DALY分别是5 321人、42.86万人年、14.24万人年和57.10万人年;死亡率、YLL率、YLD率和DALY率分别为1.76/10万、141.49/10万、46.99/10万和188.48/10万。男童跌倒疾病负担大于女童,年龄越低跌倒造成的疾病负担越重。与1990年相比,2017年0~19岁人群中各年龄组的男童、女童跌倒导致的疾病负担均有不同程度下降,死亡数、死亡率、YLL率和DALY率分别下降65.08%、46.63%、47.38%和36.33%;低年龄组疾病负担下降幅度较大。2017年YLD率较1990年增加了73.31%。YLL占DALY比例由1990年的90.84%下降为2017年的75.07%,下降幅度17.36%。结论 与1990年相比,中国0~19岁人群疾病负担有一定幅度下降;跌倒仍然给中国0~19岁人群造成一定的疾病负担,以0~4岁人群为重点人群,应继续开展预防跌倒相关研究和工作。     

汉中市农村脑卒中患者失能调整生命年的研究

目的了解脑卒中造成农村人口的疾病负担,为促进我国脑卒中疾病负担的研究及今后卫生资源的合理配置提供参考;同时简化失能调整生命年(DALY)运算中失能的评估方式。方法整群抽样,采用自行设计的问卷,入户调查,调查脑卒中全部现患患者164人。问卷内容主要包括一般情况和失能的评估。结果汉中市农村脑卒中患者DALY为598.88 a,其中因死亡损失了471.05 a,失能损失了127.83 a,患者平均损失3.65个DALYs,汉中市农村人口每千人损失8.0个DALYs;以70~74岁年龄组损失最多;失能损失中,以65~69岁年龄组为最多,死亡的损失中,以55~59岁年龄组为最多,按性别分组后,男性损失343.26个DALYs,女性损失255.62个DALYs,分别占总损失的57.3%和42.7%。男性以55~59岁年龄组损失最多,女性以65~69岁年龄组损失最多。40~44岁年龄组的每个患者平均损失数最多,按残疾期限分组后,残疾1~4 a的损失DALY最多。将患者按照失能程度分组,存活的患者中,失能程度0.01~0.10的人数最多,失能程度0.51~0.60的DALY最多,失能程度0.51~0.60的人均DALY最多,达2.78个DALYs。结论脑卒中对我国造成的疾病负担高于发达国家,一方面可能由于我国脑卒中发病率和死亡率比较高,另一方面可能由于DALY本身的缺陷导致我国疾病负担的高估。     

1990 - 2013年中国人群伤残调整寿命年和健康期望寿命变化趋势分析

目的 研究1990 - 2013年中国人群疾病负担变化情况。方法 利用2013年全球疾病负担研究结果,对1990年和2013年中国人群死亡率、伤残调整寿命年（Disability-Adjusted Life Year, DALY）和健康期望寿命（Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy, HALE）进行整理和分析,并计算1990 - 2013年相关指标的变化幅度。结果 1990和2013年,脑卒中均为首位死因,死亡人数增加了47.06%。2013年,脑血管疾病是导致DALY的首位病因,相比于1990年,所致DALY增长19.67%,年龄标化DALY率却降低32.40%。糖尿病所致DALY增长最快,DALY和标化DALY分别增长113.38%和25.60%。脑血管疾病、缺血性心脏病、腰痛和颈痛、COPD（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,慢性阻塞性肺疾病）为影响男性和女性健康的共同主要因素。2013年,中国健康期望寿命为67.9岁,男性和女性分别为65.9岁和70.3岁。1990 - 2013年,全人群健康期望寿命增长7.4岁,男性和女性分别增长6.7岁和8.4岁。结论 1990 - 2013年,中国期望寿命和健康期望寿命均处于增长趋势,慢性病是影响其增长的主要因素,尤其是脑卒中、缺血性心脏病、COPD和肿瘤。     

Understanding DALYs

The measurement unit disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), used in recent years to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors on human populations, is grounded on cogent economic and ethical principles and can guide policies toward delivering more cost-effective and equitable health care. DALYs follow from a fairness principle that treats ‘like as like’ within an information set comprising the health conditions of individuals, differentiated solely by age and sex. The particular health state weights used to account for non-fatal health outcomes are derived through the application of various forms of the person trade-off.     

The Relationship Between Disability-Adjusted Life Years of Cataracts and Ambient Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation in China

Background

Cataracts are one of the major public health problems worldwide. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the risk factors for cataract development. We analyzed the relationship between disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of cataracts and UVR exposure in China.

Methods

DALY rates of cataracts and UVR exposure in 31 regions of China were calculated based on data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability and the United States’ National Aeronautics and Space Administration database. The relationship between the DALY rates of cataracts and UVR was estimated by Spearman rank correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.

Results

The elderly (≥65 years) had higher DALY rates of cataracts than the whole population. The DALY rate of cataracts in the agricultural population was higher than that observed in the non-agricultural population. The DALY rates of cataracts were positively associated with UVR The DALY rates of cataracts in regions with higher UVR were higher than those in regions with lower UVR. An increase in the daily ambient erythemal UVR of 1000 J/m² was associated with an increase in the DALY rates of cataracts by 92 DALYs/100 000 (R² = 0.676) among the whole population, 34 DALYs/100 000 among the population <65 years old (R² = 0.423), 607 DALYs/100 000 among the population aged 65–74 years (R² = 0.617), and by 1342 DALYs/100 000 among the population ≥75 years old (R² = 0.758).

Conclusions

DALY rates of cataracts increased with increases in UVR exposure in 31 regions of China. Greater exposure to UVR increases the disease burden of cataracts in the whole population, especially in the elderly and among the agricultural population.Key words: cataract, UVR exposure, disease burden, DALYs     

山东省蓬莱市2006-2007年道路交通伤害疾病负担分析

目的 综合评价蓬莱市道路交通伤害的健康和社会经济负担.方法 以蓬莱市2006-2007年居民死亡原因登记系统中数据和伤害抽样调查资料为基础,估计道路交通事故导致的死亡和伤残现状,按照全球疾病负担研究中伤残调整寿命年(DALY)公式,利用直接法测算疾病健康负担,并评价道路交通伤害的经济负担.结果 蓬莱市平均每年因道路交通伤害造成31 373.04个健康寿命年损失,相当于每1000人损失70.59个健康寿命年;男性健康寿命年损失高于女性;15～44岁年龄段青壮年健康寿命年损失最高,占全部寿命损失的一半以上;DALY主要由失能所致的寿命损失年(YLD)构成(占79.45%).两年间总经济损失为21.85亿元,占同期GDP总量的4.89%,其中间接经济损失达21.52亿元,占全部损失的98.45%,男性造成经济损失明显高于女性,15～59岁年龄段经济损失占全部损失的97.65%.结论 道路交通伤害严重影响蓬莱市居民身体健康,给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的负担.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) from perspectives both on the health of population and on social economic status so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making. Methods The status of mortality and disability caused by traffic accident in Penglai county was estimated, based on data from death registration and a sampling survey from 2006 to 2007.Together with the disability weights gained from global burden of disease (GBD) , health burden (DALY) was measured with GBD formula. The economic burden of RTI was evaluated. Results Average loss of the health life years (HLY) related to RTI was 31 373.04 per year. 70.59 HLY were lost per 1000 persons. Loss among the males was higher than females. The loss of DALY among the age group 15-44 years ranked the first place (39 209.71 HLY) which accounted for 62.42% of the total DALY. 79.45% of the total DALY were caused by disability. In 2006 and 2007 ,the economic loss caused by RTI was as high as 2.19 billion RMB, which accounted for 4.89% of the total amount of GDP while the indirect economic costs (2.15 billion RMB) accounted for 98.45% of the total costs in Penglai city. The economic loss of the males was obviously higher than the females and the loss by the group aged 15-59 years old accounted for 97.65% of the total. Conclusion RTI had severely influenced the health of the residents in Penglai city and brought heavy burden to the individuals,families as well as the society.     

先天性心脏病疾病负担分析

目的:分析先天性心脏病患者的直接医疗费用及应用伤残调整生命年(DALY)对该病疾病负担进行综合评价。方法:采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据录入,资料整理、分析和统计;采用描述性统计分析、方差分析和多元逐步回归分析,同时引用新的评价指标DALY来分析先天性心脏病的疾病负担。结果:2 328例住院患者的人均损失健康生命年为3.85人年,其中男性平均损失4.48人年,女性平均损失3.39人年;0～14岁年龄组人均损失健康生命年最多为5.07人年;不同年龄组、不同出院情况、不同职业、手术与否,平均住院费用均有显著差异。结论:先天性心脏病疾病负担较重,尤其是年龄较低的人群,防治地位十分突出。     

1990年与2013年中国70岁及以上老年人跌倒疾病负担分析

目的 分析1990年与2013年中国≥ 70岁人群跌倒的疾病负担,为制定老年人跌倒预防控制策略措施提供依据。方法 利用2013年全球疾病负担研究结果,采用因跌倒死亡数/标化死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）/标化YLL率、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）/标化YLD率、伤残调整寿命年（DALY）/标化DALY率等指标,对中国≥ 70岁老年人跌倒疾病负担进行描述,通过比较1990年与2013年相应指标的变化,描述疾病负担变化情况。结果 2013年中国≥ 70岁人群因跌倒造成的死亡人数、YLL、YLD和DALY分别为4.88万人年、43.96万人年、29.58万人年和73.54万人年;标化死亡率、YLL率、YLD率和DALY率分别为561.71/10万、55.87/10万、373.98/10万和929.85/10万。随着年龄增加,因跌倒造成的疾病负担加重。与1990年相比,2013年跌倒造成的死亡数量、YLL、YLD和DALY分别增加308.80%、161.01%、54.67%和104.47%;男性增幅高于女性。与1990年相比,2013年≥ 70岁人群因跌倒标化死亡率、标化YLL率和DALY率分上升为63.67%、38.54%和73.08%;而标化YLD率下降17.90%。结论 跌倒给中国≥ 70岁人群造成沉重的疾病负担,与1990年相比,2013年跌倒对中国≥ 70岁人群造成疾病负担有所增加。     

中国青少年1990与2019年HIV/AIDS疾病负担性别差异

  目的  分析1990年与2019年中国10~24岁青少年人群HIV/AIDS疾病负担在性别中的变化,为制定针对该年龄层人群的有效干预措施提供信息。  方法  使用全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2019数据库资料,按性别和年龄提取1990—2019年中国10~24岁青少年人群因HIV/AIDS的死亡数和死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(DALY)、DALY率、过早死亡损失寿命年(YLL)、YLL率、伤残损失寿命年(YLD)、YLD率等指标来分析该群体HIV/AIDS疾病负担在性别中的变化幅度。  结果  2019年,中国10~24岁青少年人群因HIV/AIDS的死亡数和死亡率、DALY、DALY率、YLL、YLL率、YLD与YLD率分别为847人、0.37/10万、62 621人年、27.51/10万、58 036人年、25.49/10万、4 584人年与2.01/10万,相比1990年增幅分别为401.18%,691.49%,370.48%,648.26%,409.53%,710.33%,138.87%与279.25%。2019年中国10~14,15~19岁与20~24岁男性因HIV/AIDS的死亡数和死亡率、DALY与DALY率均高于女性,与1990年相比,增幅均高于女性;10~14岁人群疾病负担增幅高于20~24岁。1990—2019年,随着年龄和年份的增加,青少年死亡率和DALY率的性别差距增大。  结论  与1990年相比,2019年中国10~24岁青少年人群HIV/AIDS感染风险持续增加,低龄HIV感染者增幅明显,性别差异日益明显。