ASCUS与HPV关系的临床意义及处理探讨

目的探讨宫颈细胞学诊断为非典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）和乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）关系的意义和临床处理。方法选择2009年4月～2010年3月在我院行子宫颈液基细胞学检查（LCT）并报告为ASCUS的患者行HPV检测、阴道镜检查并在其指导下组织活检、病理学诊断的84例患者作为研究对象,分析之间关系。结果 84例患者中,早期浸润癌3例,占3.6%,鳞状上皮内病变（SIL）37例,占44%,高度鳞状上皮内病变（即CINⅡ～Ⅲ）12例,占14.3%,低度鳞状上皮内瘤变即（CINⅠ）25例,占29.8%,炎症47例,占56%,HPV感染阴性48例,占57.1%,HPV感染阳性36例42.9%,其中3例为二重感染。结论宫颈细胞学诊断为ASCUS高度提示宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变（SIL）的存在。阴道镜检查、阴道镜下活检和HPV检测,对ASCUS的处理有重要的指导意义。     

宫颈液基细胞学联合阴道镜下活检对宫颈病变检查结果临床分析

目的评价宫颈新柏式膜式薄层液基细胞（TCT）配合阴道镜检查对子宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法2008年10月－2009年12月对我院妇科门诊1600例患者行TCT检查，异常者行阴道镜下多点活检及组织病理学检查，并进行临床与病理对照分析。结果TCT检查异常者196例（12．25％）。其中未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）98例（6．13％），低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）58例（3．63％），高度鳞状上皮（HISL）内病变32例（2．00％），鳞癌（SCC）8例（0．50％）。196例均经阴道镜下多点活检病理组织学检查，诊断为炎症67例，占异常细胞学34．18％；宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）CINⅠ69例，占35．20％，CINⅡ21例占10．71％，CINⅢ16例，占8．16％，宫颈原位癌12例，占6．12％；宫颈浸润癌11例，占5．61％。结论宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查配合阴道镜下多点活组织病理检查，能及早发现宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌。     

HR-HPV检测在宫颈细胞学异常患者中的意义

目的：探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（ high-risk human papillomavirus, HR-HPV）检测在宫颈细胞学异常患者中的应用价值。方法选择2011-01至2012-04宫颈细胞学诊断异常患者872例,采用杂交捕获二代（ hybridization captureⅡ,HC-Ⅱ）进行高危型HPV检测;按宫颈组织病理学结果分为NILM组（ negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, NILM）、宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组（invasive cervical cancer, ICC）。用Spearman等级相关分析HPV病毒载量与宫颈病变级别的关系。结果872例细胞学异常患者中ASC-US、ASC-H、LSIL、HSIL组HR-HPV阳性率分别为31．6％、59．7％、50．3％、89．6％;NILM组、CINI、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、ICC组HR-HPV阳性率分别为25．2％、53．4％、86．7％、96．4％、100％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;HC-Ⅱ法诊断宫颈高度病变（≥CINⅡ）的灵敏性、特异性、阳性预告值、阴性预告值分别为93．1％、66．8％、59．9％、94．8％;不同病理级别组HPV病毒载量差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,NILM组HPV病毒载量低于CIN各组以及宫颈癌组（P＜0．05）,CIN以及宫颈癌组HPV病毒载量差异无统计学意义。结论随着组织病理学级别的升高,HR-HPV阳性率呈上升的趋势;HR-HPV病毒载量与CIN及宫颈癌发生有关,但与宫颈病变的严重程度无关。     

HR-HPV载量与宫颈病变的相关性分析

目的探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)载量与宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈癌病变程度的相关性。方法收集解放军总医院2006年1月-2011年8月5年中因宫颈病变行阴道镜活检或手术治疗的1248例患者,根据宫颈病变及临床分期分为5组:宫颈炎组、CINⅠ组、CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ组、宫颈癌Ⅰ期组、宫颈癌Ⅱ期组,依据第二代杂交捕获实验(HC-Ⅱ)方法检测所有患者HR-HPV病毒载量(RLU/CO),将其分为0～0.99、1.00～9.99、10.00～99.99、100.00～999.99、1000.00～5个HR-HPV病毒载量组。对宫颈炎、CINⅠ、CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ、宫颈癌Ⅰ期、宫颈癌Ⅱ期各组中不同的HR-HPV病毒载量进行比较,并分析HR-HPV病毒载量与宫颈病变发生的相关性。结果 CINⅠ组、CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ组、宫颈癌Ⅰ期、宫颈癌Ⅱ期患者HR-HPV病毒载量(分别为842.1±98 3.9、690.1±795.0、893.1±974.2、699.5±908.3RLU/CO)显著高于宫颈炎患者(274.2±613.6,P<0.05);CINⅠ组和宫颈癌Ⅰ期的病毒载量高于CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。当HR-HPV病毒载量≥100RLU/CO时,CIN及宫颈癌的发生危险度随病毒载量的增加而增加,但HPV病毒载量分级与宫颈病变病理分级无相关性。对于宫颈鳞癌ⅠB-Ⅱ期患者,当HR-HPV病毒载量≥100RLU/CO时,宫颈癌淋巴结转移的危险性增加(P<0.05),且宫颈肿瘤最大直径≥4cm的危险性增加(P<0.05),而HR-HPV病毒载量与患者年龄、组织学类型、宫颈肌层癌浸润深度及淋巴管浸润无关。结论 HR-HPV病毒载量与CIN及宫颈癌的发生密切相关。病毒载量越高,发生CIN及宫颈癌的危险性越大,且与宫颈鳞癌的临床特征有关。     

不同筛查方法对宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变及以上的检出情况

目的 探讨宫颈液基细胞学、高危型人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及联合检测对宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变及以上的检出情况。方法 选择2019年6-9月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科门诊手术室行阴道镜检查的病例1721例，对其宫颈液基细胞学、HPV及宫颈活检病理结果进行回顾性分析及统计。结果 1721例中，年龄19～78岁，平均(41.04±10.84)岁。液基细胞学检测结果为不明意义的非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-US)、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、不能除外高度病变的非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-H)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)及非典型腺细胞(AGC)中病理检测为HSIL及以上的检出率分别为22.6%、25.0%、77.3%、90.9%和60.0%,均高于液基细胞学检测结果为无上皮内病变或恶性病变(NILM)的检出率(14.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高危型HPV检测结果中，HPV16/18阳性和其他HR-HPV阳性中HSIL及以上检出率分别为22.8%和19.0%,均明显高于HPV阴性中的7.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合检测阳性656例中，HSIL...     

宫颈液基细胞学联合阴道镜下活检对宫颈病变800例检查结果分析

目的：评价宫颈液基细胞学配合阴道镜检查对子宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法：2005年10月-2008年6月对我院妇科门诊800例患者行宫颈液基细胞学检查,异常者行阴道镜下多点活检。结果：宫颈液基细胞学检查异常者92例（11．5％）。其中未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）49例,低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）31例,高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）10例,鳞癌（SCC）2例。92例均经阴道镜下多点活检病理组织学检查,诊断为炎症61例,占异常细胞学66．30％;宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）CIN Ⅰ 13例（14．13％）,CINⅡ9例（9．78％）,CINⅢ4例（4．37％）,宫颈浸润癌5例（5．43％）。结论：宫颈液基细胞学检查配合阴道镜下多点活组织病理检查,能及早发现宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌。     

宫颈不典型鳞状细胞的临床意义及处理探讨

目的 探讨宫颈细胞学检查为未明确意义不典型鳞状细胞（atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance,ASCUS）的临床意义和处理方法.方法 对289例宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查（thin-prep cytologic test,TCT）报告为ASCUS患者行阴道镜评估及镜下多点活检,对活检组织行组织病理学检查,并进行临床与病理的对照分析.结果 289例ASCUS患者,活检组织病理学检查结果为炎症者151例,占52.25%,各级宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）121例,占41.87%,其中CINⅠ71例（24.57%）,CINⅡ30例（10.38%）,CINⅢ20例（6.92%）.宫颈原位癌9例,占3.11%,宫颈浸润癌8例,占2.77%.结论 ASCUS中,宫颈上皮内瘤变占较大比例,且有宫颈癌可能.因此对ASCUS患者应予以高度重视,应行阴道镜下活检进一步明确诊断.     

HPV不同亚型感染与宫颈病变的关系

目的:探讨不同亚型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈病变的关系。方法 2009年2月至2010年2月间对在新疆医科大学妇科门诊就诊及住院的发现宫颈异常(宫颈糜烂、肥大、接触性出血、溃疡及乳头样增生等)的患者及少数无临床症状和体征而要求体检的患者,经细胞学筛查为异常并经病理组织学证实的637例宫颈病变(包括宫颈炎446例、CINⅠ66例、CINⅡ59例、CINⅢ41例及ICC25例)进行HPV分型检测,并比较不同宫颈病变类型组与HPV多重感染的比例。结果①HPV总阳性率45.68%(291/637),HPV感染率随着宫颈病变级别的增加逐渐5上升(P<0.01),HPV感染在不同年龄组差异有高度显著性(P<0.01),30～49岁系高发年龄。②检出20种HPV亚型,其中高危型13种,低危型4种,中国人常见型3种,随宫颈病变程度的增加HPV亚型分布有所变化,宫颈炎组以HPV16、58、52、68、66为常见亚型,低度病变组(CINⅠ)以HPV16、53、58、33、52为常见类型,而高度病变组(CINⅡ～Ⅲ)以高危型HPV16、58、33、31、52型为最常见,25例浸润癌检出5种高危亚型HPV,分别是HPV16、58、18、31、33型。HPV16亚型随宫颈病变级别加重感染率呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。③多重感染的比例为18.21%,最常见类型为HPV16、52的二重感染,HPV多重感染的比例随宫颈病变级别增加无明显变化,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论感染率最高的高危型HPV16、58、52、31、68、18是主要致病基因型,尤其是HPV16型与宫颈病变程度有关,高危型HPV持续感染及多重感染是导致宫颈癌变的主要原因之一,但HPV多重感染不增加宫颈病变的严重程度。     

CO2激光宫颈锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的疗效

目的 评价C02激光宫颈锥切术治疗官颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)的疗效.方法 CIN患者60例,其中CINⅠ33例,CINⅡ25例,CINⅢ2例.合并HPV阳性病例16例.以功率15 w,光斑直径0.3～0.5 cm的C02激光对病变圆锥形烧灼、深度10～20mm,超过病灶5 mm.结果 6个月内一次治愈率为93.3%(56/60);二次治愈率5.0%(3/60);总的治愈率为98.3%.病变持续存在率1.7%(1/60).16例HPV阳性病例,术后3个月细胞学检查转为阴性者75.O%(12/16例);6个月转为阴性者25.O%(4/16例).术后无一例发生宫颈管狭窄及粘连.未生育7例中有3例术后妊娠并足月经阴道正常分娩.结论 CO2激光锥切术治疗CIN手术操作简便,术中不出血或少量出血,治愈率高,术后并发症少,HPV感染可以同时得到治疗.不影响妊娠及阴道分娩,为治疗CIN的有效疗法.     

宫颈液基细胞学检查对宫颈病变的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨宫颈液基细胞学检查(TCT)对宫颈病变的诊断价值.方法 对2006年8月～2010年5月来我院就诊并体检的798例妇女,采用贝赛斯达(TBS)诊断系统经宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT),选择TCT报告ASC-US以上患者55例(阳性率6.89%),进行活检,同时部分病例经组织学对比印证.结果 55例TCT报告ASC-US以上的患者,与组织病理学的符合率为86.38%.其中非典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)以上异常28例(3.51%),低度上皮内瘤变(L-SIL)19例(2.38%),高度上皮内瘤变(H-SIL)5例(0.62%),鳞癌(SCC)2(0.25%),不典型腺细胞(AGUS)2例(0.25%).其中30例细胞异常者进行病理活检,CIN2以上病变TCT与组织病理检查方法的符合率为85.72%(6/7).结论 宫颈液基细胞学检查是一种简便、准确的早期宫颈病变筛查方法,对宫颈癌前病变的早期诊断有重要价值,可以作为妇女宫颈癌防治的有效工具.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme