不同影像检查对新生儿食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的诊断应用

目的：探讨先天性食管闭锁(CEA)与食管气管瘘(TEF)的不同影像诊断价值。方法回顾性分析34例 CEA 与 TEF的影像检查表现,34例均行 X 线平片和食管造影,其中17例进行了 CT 检查。结果按照 Gross 分型：34例中 I 型2例;Ⅲ型32例,其中Ⅲa 型9例,Ⅲb 型23例。10例合并其他畸形。X 线胸腹平片显示胃肠积气32例,不同程度肺炎25例及右上肺不张3例;食管造影显示近端呈盲端34例,远端食管气管瘘1例;CT 检查显示远端 TEF 及瘘口14例。结论X 线、CT 检查与临床症状相结合能早期发现和诊断 CEA 及其分型,能够指导手术治疗提高患儿的存活率。     

螺旋CT及后处理技术对食管闭锁并气管食管瘘的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对先天性食管闭锁并气管食管瘘的诊断价值。方法对6例临床疑为先天性食管闭锁与气管食管瘘的新生儿手术前行胸部正侧位片、插胃管及双层螺旋CT扫描，并进行多平面重建、三维重建和仿真内镜，所获得的结果与手术对照研究。结果按照Gross的分类，5例为Ⅲ型，1例为Ⅰ型，多平面重建和三维重建所测两盲端的距离与手术结果基本相符，5例仿真内镜显示瘘管的开口。结论螺旋CT扫描后多平面重建、三维重建和仿真内镜在显示和评价闭锁食管两盲端情况及气管食管瘘的位置是可靠的，螺旋CT对食管闭锁并气管食管瘘外科术前估计与制定正确的手术方案提供更加可靠的影像学依据。     

先天性小肠狭窄及肠闭锁的X线检查与诊断

目的 探讨先天性小肠狭窄及肠闭锁X线检查与诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析15例经手术证实的先天性小肠狭窄及肠闭锁病例,15例均行立位腹部平片检查,其中6例行口服医用硫酸钡检查,9例行口服非离子型含碘对比剂检查.结果 立位腹部平片显示12例高位肠梗阻,3例低位肠梗阻,造影检查显示十二指肠闭锁2例,空肠狭窄7例,空肠闭锁3例,回肠闭锁3例.结论 X线检查先天性小肠狭窄及肠闭锁具有重要价值.     

多层螺旋CT在新生儿先天性食管闭锁及气管食管瘘中的初步应用

目的 初步评估MSCT对于先天性食管闭锁及气管食管瘘的诊断价值.方法 对20例经食管造影诊断为食管闭锁及远端气管食管瘘的新生儿进行了64层MSCT扫描,图像后处理使用MinIP的多平面体积重组(MPVR)和胸部透明肺(TL)的VR(TL-VR)模式.影像表现与术中所见进行比较.对数据进行配对t检验及Pearson直线相关分析.结果 CT全部显示出了远端食管的解剖形态.对于远近两盲端食管间的距离,MPVR显示为0.15～3.10 cm(中位数0.70 cm);TL-VR显示为0.10～3.10 cm(中位数0.82 cm);两者差异无统计学意义(t=0.761,P>0.05),且均与术中所见密切相关(r均为0.87,P<0.01).MPVR显示瘘管13例,其中仅4例TL-VR可显示瘘管.结论 MSCT对于先天性食管闭锁及气管食管瘘的术前评估有很高价值,可显示远端食管、评估闭锁食管两盲端的距离以及显示瘘管.     

先天性肠闭锁的影像学诊断

目的:探讨X线平片、消化道造影及CT检查对先天性肠闭锁的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析40例经手术病理证实的先天性肠闭锁患者的影像学资料。40例均行腹部立位和正侧位摄片,其中8例同时行上消化道碘水造影,26例行碘水灌肠造影,3例行CT平扫和增强检查。结果:主要X线表现:高位小肠梗阻10例,低位小肠或结肠梗阻30例;腹腔内胎粪钙化5例,包裹性气腹2例,风兜征8例,胎儿型结肠24例,结肠宽径接近正常2例。主要CT表现:十二指肠闭锁处呈截断状3例。结论:X线平片对先天性肠闭锁的诊断及确定闭锁部位有重要价值,消化道碘水造影是确诊本病的重要依据,CT可作为补充检查手段。     

小儿先天性H型气管食管瘘的诊断

目的 回顾性分析食管造影、多排螺旋CT及支气管镜对于小儿先天性H型气管食管瘘(H-TEF)的诊断价值.方法 收集经手术证实的10例小儿先天性H-TEF.术前10例均行食管造影,仅5例行多排螺旋CT检查,9例行电子支气管镜检.分析比较三种检查技术对H-TEF的检出率.结果 术前食管造影诊断H-TEF 8例,可疑TEF 1例,阴性1例.CT检查中,4例阴性,仅1例显出了瘘管.支气管镜检查诊断H-TEF 7例,可疑1例,阴性1例.将诊断与可疑合并为阳性,食管造影、支气管镜及CT的阳性率分别为90.0％ 、88.9％、20.0％;前二者阳性率无统计学差异(P＝1.000),均高于CT(P=0.017,0.023).结论 食管造影与支气管镜均是H-TEF非常有价值的检查手段,但均非绝对可靠;CT检查价值不大.     

软骨母细胞瘤的典型和不典型MRI征象

作者回顾性地分析经病理证实的22例软骨母细胞瘤的MRI。年龄10～58岁,男16例,女6例。病变位于肱骨近端5例,肱骨远端1例,股骨近端3例,股骨远端4例.胫骨近端6例,跟骨2例,肩胛骨1例,除2例外均行X线平片、CT、核素扫描检查。22例中21例X线平片与MRI均示病变边缘清晰,轻度硬化,CT示6例MRI和X线平片未能显示的骨皮质侵蚀,病     

婴幼儿先天性膈疝的X线及CT表现

目的 探讨先天性膈疝的影像学诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析13例经X线胸部平片、钡餐或钡灌肠造影及CT检查而诊断为先天性膈疝,其中8例经手术证实.结果 胸腹膜裂孔疝X线胸腹部平片表现为患侧胸腔内见含气肠襻,钡餐或钡灌肠造影显示小肠或结肠疝入胸腔内;食管裂孔疝X线胸腹部平片表现为心膈角处透亮影或无异常,钡餐显示胃疝入胸腔内或见三环征;胸骨后疝X线胸腹部平片表现为心膈角处见含气或无气肿块影,钡餐显示胃及小肠位置及形态正常,钡灌肠造影显示结肠疝入胸骨后方心膈角处.而CT二维重建成像均可显示膈肌缺损的大小、部位及疝入胸腔内的脏器形态.胸腹膜裂孔疝6例,食管裂孔疝5例,胸骨后疝2例,其中位于左侧10例,右侧3例.结论 联合合理运用影像学检查对婴幼儿先天性膈疝具有很高的诊断价值,为临床手术治疗提供重要的依据.     

肠闭锁的临床与X线影像分析

目的 :了解肠闭锁的临床及影像检查方法与表现。方法 :本组 13例均经手术证实为肠闭锁 ,其中 3例十二指肠闭锁 ,4例空肠闭锁 ,3例回肠闭锁 ,3例结肠闭锁 ,临床以呕吐、进行性腹胀为首发症状 ,呕吐物可含胆汁及粪水物 ,部分病例有排胎粪史 ,全部均行腹部立卧位平片检查 ,其中 6例经胃管行胃、小肠碘水造影 ,7例行大肠钡灌造影。结果 :13例均有肠梗阻的临床症状 ,腹部平片均显示不同平面的肠梗阻 ,6例胃肠造影中 4例可显示肠闭锁的盲端 ,1例发现小肠其它先天性异常 ,7例大肠灌肠造影直接显示或提示肠闭锁部位 ,胎儿型结肠对本病较具诊断意义。结论 :术前通过消化道造影检查可以明确或提示肠闭锁的诊断。     

食管造影与胸部CT对食管多发癌的诊断敏感性（附12例报告）

目的评价X线钡餐造影与CT扫描对食管多发癌的诊断敏感性。方法 12例经手术病理证实的食管多发癌患者术前均经食管X线钡餐造影检查,其中7例又经胸部CT扫描。结果 12例中X线钡餐造影检出9例为两处病灶,均有典型的X线表现,诸如管腔狭窄,充盈缺损,管壁僵硬,黏膜中断等;另外3例只检出一处病灶,后经食管镜检查和病理证实存在另外的微小病灶。经CT检查的7例均被发现两处食管壁增厚,其中5例伴腔内软组织肿块影,管腔呈偏心性狭窄,4例伴病灶处食管外缘不整,与邻近组织（气管、主动脉）间隙不清。结论在食管多发癌的影像诊断中,CT的敏感性高于X线钡餐造影,而两者结合可显著提高其检出率。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.