依那普利对单侧尿路梗阻大鼠肾组织Smad 2/3活性的影响

目的:研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)依那普利对单侧尿路梗阻大鼠肾组织Smad2/3信号蛋白活性的影响.方法:采用单侧输尿管结扎(UUO)模型,治疗组从造模前24 h至造模后28 d以依那普利10 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,另设假手术组作正常对照.分别于造模后1,3,7,14,21和28 d取肾组织,应用免疫组化法检测肾组织TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3和α-SMA表达.结果:正常大鼠肾组织具有基础的TGF-β1(4.32±1.72)%和磷酸化Smad 2/3(19.31±5.37)个/mm2的表达,α-SMA只表达于血管平滑肌,肾小管-间质无表达.UUO术后1 d,TGF-β1的表达无明显增加(5.15±2.08)%,第3 d明显增加(13.55±6.33)%,第7 d达高峰(26.78±8.77)%,此后表达减少;UUO术后3 d,磷酸化Smad2/3的表达明显增加(67.95±13.87)个/mm2,并持续增加到第7 d(150.61±27.34)个/mm2,此后表达减少;而UUO术后3 d,肾组织α-SMA表达亦明显升高(5.58±1.23)%,第7 d达到高峰(13.43±3.32)%,14 d表达开始下调.依那普利治疗可以明显抑制肾组织TGF-β1信号蛋白Smad2/3活性(降低39%～55%,P＜0.01),显著下调肾组织α-SMA的表达(降低44%～58%,P＜0.01),减轻肾间质纤维化.结论:依那普利可显著抑制梗阻肾肾组织α-SMA的表达,减轻梗阻肾间质纤维化,这一作用可能与其抑制肾组织TGF-β1信号蛋白Smad2/3的活性有关.     

基于TGF-β1/Smad通路探讨A型肉毒毒素对增生性瘢痕的抑制作用及机制

目的：探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTXA)通过TGF-β₁/Smad通路对增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞抑制作用及其机制。方法：体外培养增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞,采用0.2、0.4、0.8 U/ml的BTXA处理成纤维细胞,分别作为0.2 U/ml BTXA组、0.4 U/ml BTXA组、0.8 U/ml BTXA组,空白对照组不采用BTXA(0 U/ml)处理,0.8 U/ml BTXA+TGF-β₁组用0.8 U/ml BTXA和10 ng/ml的TGF-β₁激活剂处理。甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法检测细胞活力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞周期蛋白(CyclinD1)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3蛋白表达。结果：与空白对照组比较,0.2、0.4、0.8 U/mlBTXA显著降低增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞活力和PCNA蛋白表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,0.2、0.4、0.8 U/ml的BTXA显著提高增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞凋亡...     

重组质粒pEGFP-N2-GPC3的构建及GPC3对生长因子FGF2、IGF2促进细胞增殖的影响

目的 构建GPC3基因真核表达重组质粒,观察GPC3对生长因子FGF2、IGF2促进肝癌细胞增殖的影响.方法 自行设计引物从GPC3原核扩增重组质粒pDNR-LIB.GPC3中获得编码GPC3的基因片段.应用基因重组技术,将GPC3基因片段克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-N2中,然后经脂质体介导转染SK-Hep-1,并通过C418(600 mg/L)筛选出抗性克隆,应用荧光显微镜及逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PER)法对转染细胞内pEGFP-GPC3的表达进行鉴定,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法研究GPC3对生长因子FGF2、IGF2促细胞增殖效应的影响.结果 限制性内切酶酶切分析、重组质粒测序鉴定表明为正确重组子,荧光显微镜下可见转染的SK-Hep-1胞膜区发出强绿色荧光,RT-PCR表明GPC3在SK-Hep-1中成功表达,生长因子实验中,GPC3明显抑制FGF2促细胞增殖效应,与空质粒转染组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),IGF2实验组与空质粒转染组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 测序表明,编码的氨基酸序列与人GPC3完全一致;构建完成真核表达重组质粒pEGFP-N2-GPC3;GPC3基因在SK-Hep-1中成功表达;GPC3在FGF2信号通路中可能发挥负性调控因子的作用.     

压力对增生性瘢痕形成及TGF-β1/Smad信号通路的影响

目的研究压力对增生性瘢痕(HTS)形成及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Sma和Mad同源物蛋白(Smad)信号通路的影响。方法健康成年新西兰大白兔12只(空军军医大学动物实验中心提供), 用直径为1 cm的圆形打孔器在每侧兔耳腹侧标记出4个圆形创面, 用手术小圆刀沿标记线切开皮肤全层至兔耳软骨膜, 分离软骨膜及全层皮肤, 刮除创面残留组织, 暴露创面, 术后第28天观察瘢痕形成情况。兔耳HTS模型构建成功后进行分组, 采用自身对照研究, 兔左耳设为实验组, 右耳为对照组, 用抽签法于每侧兔耳选取2个HTS模型作为研究对象, 每组24个。实验组:使用4-0尼龙丝线将直径为1.5 cm的圆形钕铁硼磁铁垫上压力垫片缝合至兔耳软骨上, 使用Flexiforce压力传感器测量压力大小并每周进行调整, 将压力控制在20～25 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),每天持续时间≥23 h;对照组:不做处理。在施加压力后第40天观察兔耳瘢痕大体形态, 并切取组织行HE、Masson染色进行组织学研究, 计算瘢痕增生指数(SEI)、成纤维细胞数、角质层厚度;采用荧光定量PCR检测TGF-β1...     

亚低温上调冷休克蛋白RBM3表达减轻肾脏缺血-再灌注损伤

目的  探讨亚低温对肾脏缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)的作用,以及RNA结合基序蛋白3(RBM3)及其下游效应分子在这一过程中的表达情况。方法  健康SD雄性大鼠18只,随机分为正常对照(NC)组、IRI组和亚低温预处理(MHP)组,每组6只。通过检测血清肌酐水平评价肾功能,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测肾脏组织损伤情况,蛋白质印迹法检测肾脏组织的RBM3、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)、核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)蛋白相对表达量,免疫组织化学染色进一步检测RBM3及YAP1蛋白的表达情况,采用脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肾脏组织细胞凋亡情况,通过测定丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性检测肾脏组织氧化应激水平。结果  与NC组相比较,IRI组和MHP组血清肌酐水平、肾脏组织病理损伤评分均升高,RBM3、YAP1和Nrf2蛋白表达水平均升高,Bcl-2/Bax比值均降低,细胞凋亡率均升高,MDA含量均升高,SOD活性均下降,差异均有统计学意义(均为P < 0.05);与IRI组相比较,MHP组血清肌酐水平、肾脏组织病理损伤评分均降低,RBM3、YAP1和Nrf2蛋白表达水平均升高,Bcl-2/Bax比值升高,细胞凋亡率降低,MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P < 0.05)。结论  亚低温对肾脏IRI具有保护作用,可减轻IRI所致细胞凋亡和氧化应激损伤,其机制可能为亚低温上调RBM3及其下游效应分子YAP1和Nrf2的表达水平。     

1,25二羟维生素D3对胆管癌细胞系QBC939增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨1,25二羟维生素D3[1,25(OH)2 D3]对胆管癌细胞系QBC939的体外增殖及凋亡的影响.方法 将不同浓度的1,25(OH)2 D3与胆管癌细胞系QBC939共同培养,采用MTT法测定细胞增殖能力、显微镜观察细胞形态学的改变、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期与凋亡、免疫细胞化学观察bcl-2的表达.结果 0.1～0.5μmol/L的1,25(OH)2 D3对胆管癌细胞QBC939有抑制作用,呈剂量依赖性.经1,25(OH)2 D3作用72h后细胞G1期比例升高,S期比例下降,其中0.5μmol/L组细胞G1期由(50.3±1.0)%上升至(65.5±3.2)%,S期由(39.4±0.5)%下降至(23.6±0.7)%;并且可诱导细胞产生凋亡,0.5μmol/L组作用后细胞凋亡率由0.5%上升至24.6%;bcl-2的表达下调.结论 1,25(OH)2 D3能抑制胆管癌细胞系QBC939增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,其引起凋亡的机制可能与下调bcl-2的表达相关.     

Distribution of TRAP‐positive cells and expression of HIF‐1α, VEGF,and FGF‐2 in the reparative reaction in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely associated with the reparative process in bone. In osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), although the progression of bone resorption by osteoclasts is considered to be followed by femoral head collapse, the reparative reaction remains unknown. In order to investigate the reparative reaction in patients with ONFH, the distribution of TRAP‐ positive cells and expression of HIF‐1α, VEGF, and FGF‐2 were observed in 51 hips in 42 patients. TRAP‐positive cells were detected around the teres insertion and retinaculum in the early radiologic stage, and increased around the new trabecular bone throughout the reparative interface zone in the late collapsed stage. HIF‐1α expression was detected at the fibrosis area and the transitional area, which included the proximal area of the reparative interface zone adjacent to the necrotic zone. VEGF was expressed at the edematous area of the reparative interface zone, while FGF‐2 was detected widely in the reparative interface zone and the normal zone. In the late radiologic stages, HIF‐1α, VEGF, and FGF‐2 were not detected in the necrotic zone, and they acted in angiogenesis in the reparative interface zone, while TRAP‐positive cells increased around the new bone formation in response to remodeling after the collapse. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 694–700, 2009     

阿司匹林通过抑制STAT3磷酸化下调MCL-1和VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达促进胆囊癌细胞凋亡、抑制增殖

目的 探讨阿司匹林对人胆囊癌细胞株GBC-SD细胞凋亡及增殖的影响及其潜在机制.方法 采用MTT法检测不同浓度梯度及作用时间下阿司匹林对GBC-SD细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测阿司匹林对细胞凋亡的影响;Real-time PCR检测GBC-SD细胞中信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)、髓细胞白血病因子-1(MCL...     

Three immunoassays based on monoclonal antibodies specific for prostate specific antigen (PSA), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), and the PSA-ACT complex

BACKGROUND: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used as a biomarker for the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. PSA in serum predominantly exists as a complex with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), and measurement of free PSA and the PSA-ACT complex may improve the utility of the serum PSA assay for differential diagnosis of prostate cancer and non-malignant prostate diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PSA, ACT, and the PSA-ACT complex were produced by immunizing mice with an incubated mixture of PSA and ACT, and characterized by Western blot analyses and several enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) methods. RESULTS: The MAbs produced in this study are capable of distinguishing the PSA-ACT complex from free PSA and ACT. Four MAbs have been selected and utilized to construct three ELISA systems for the separate measurements of free PSA, the PSA-ACT complex, and total PSA. CONCLUSIONS: The three PSA assay systems developed in this study can specifically measure free PSA, total PSA, and the PSA-ACT complex with equal molar sensitivity. It is expected that these PSA assay systems could be useful in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.     

Zwint高表达对肝癌细胞增殖和肝癌肝移植预后的影响

目的  探讨Zw10结合因子（Zwint）在原发性肝癌（肝癌）中的表达情况及其对肝癌肝移植预后的影响。方法  收集50例肝癌肝移植受体的肝癌组织、癌旁组织及临床资料。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）、蛋白免疫印迹（Western Blot）法和免疫组织化学（免疫组化）法,分别比较20例肝癌肝移植受体的20对肝癌组织及癌旁组织中Zwint信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达情况和Zwint蛋白的表达水平;选取两个成功干扰Zwint表达的肝癌细胞系HepG-2（si-Zwint-1组和si-Zwint-2组）,以空白对照作为si-NC组,采用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK）-8实验、平板克隆实验和细胞周期实验,比较各组细胞的增殖能力和细胞周期;采用Western Blot法和免疫组化法,分析肝癌组织和肝癌细胞中Zwint与细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclin D1）表达的一致性;以Zwint蛋白表达水平的中位数为分割点,将入组病例分高表达组（22例）和低表达组（28例）,分析Zwint蛋白表达水平与肝癌肝移植受体临床特征、总体存活率及无复发存活率的关系。结果  实时荧光定量PCR结果提示肝癌组织中Zwint mRNA表达水平高于癌旁组织（P=0.03）。Western Blot及免疫组化结果均提示肝癌组织中Zwint蛋白的表达水平高于癌旁组织（均为P < 0.05）。干扰肝癌细胞系HepG-2的Zwint基因后,CCK-8及平板克隆实验显示细胞增殖能力明显减弱（均为P < 0.01）,细胞周期阻滞于G₁期（均为P < 0.05）。Zwint蛋白表达水平与肿瘤直径和肿瘤、淋巴、转移（TNM）分期密切相关（均为P < 0.05）。Zwint高表达组肝癌肝移植受体的总体存活率低于低表达组（P=0.02）。结论  Zwint高表达于肝癌组织,其通过调节细胞周期促进肝癌细胞增殖,且Zwint表达水平与肝癌肝移植后预后呈负相关。     

Guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea-negative hemolytic uremic syndrome

This guideline for the investigation and initial treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is intended to offer an approach based on opinion, as evidence is lacking. It builds on the current ability to identify the etiology of specific diagnostic sub-groups of HUS. HUS in children is mostly due to infection, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in some geographic regions, and invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae. These sub-groups are relatively straightforward to diagnose. Their management, which is outside the remit of this guideline, is related to control of infection where that is necessary and supportive measures for the anemia and acute renal failure. A thorough investigation of the remainder of childhood HUS cases, commonly referred to as “atypical” HUS, will reveal a risk factor for the syndrome in approximately 60% of cases. Disorders of complement regulation are, numerically, the most important. The outcome for children with atypical HUS is poor, and, because of the rarity of these disorders, clinical experience is scanty. Some cases of complement dysfunction appear to respond to plasma therapy. The therapeutic part of this guideline is the consensus of the contributing authors and is based on limited information from uncontrolled studies. The guideline proposes urgent and empirical plasmapheresis replacement with whole plasma fraction for the first month after diagnosis. This should only be undertaken in specialized pediatric nephrology centers where appropriate medical and nursing skills are available. The guideline includes defined terminology and audit points so that the early clinical effectiveness of the strategy can be evaluated. This article was drafted by S. Johnson, C. Loirat and C.M. Taylor