伴有一侧胚胎型大脑后动脉的Percheron动脉梗死二例临床与影像分析

目的 Percheron动脉属于丘脑穿动脉的一种少见的先天变异,伴有一侧胚胎型大脑后动脉的Perch eron动脉梗死报道罕见.我们报告2例,旨在提高认识以利于早期诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析2例Percheron动脉梗死的临床表现、影像特征、治疗及预后.结果 1例急性昏迷,1例发作性视物不清后意识不清合并眼球垂直运动障碍.2例磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)示双侧丘脑旁正中高信号,其中1例合并中脑“V”字型高信号;2例右侧大脑后动脉(PCA) P1段均显示发育不良,即胚胎型PCA.结论 典型的临床症状、丘脑旁正中部对称DWI高信号及中脑“V”字征有助于Percheron动脉梗死的诊断及治疗.一侧胚胎型PCA可能是Percheron动脉梗死的潜在变异因素.     

Percheron动脉梗死二例

目的探讨Percheron动脉梗死的临床特点。方法分析本院神经内科临床确诊的2例Percheron动脉梗死患者。结果 2例患者均急性起病,主要临床表现为意识障碍、双瞳孔不等大及眼球活动障碍,头颅MRI为双侧丘脑旁正中部对称性DWI高信号和(或)中脑高信号呈"V"字征,经抗血小板聚集、降脂稳斑、营养神经、改善循环等治疗后临床症状及影像学表现均好转。结论 Percheron动脉梗死,以意识障碍、记忆障碍、垂直凝视麻痹为典型临床表现,头颅MRI双侧丘脑旁正中DWI对称性高信号和(或)中脑高信号呈"V"字征为其影像学特点。部分Percheron动脉梗死病情危重,早期识别及诊治有助于改善预后。     

Percheron动脉梗死三例临床分析

回顾分析3例Percheron动脉梗死患者临床资料,均存在脑血管病危险因素,临床表现为急性发病,伴不同程度意识障碍、反应迟钝、智力障碍、精神改变,无运动障碍,其中2例伴眼球运动障碍。MRI显示双侧丘脑和中脑对称性长T1、长T2信号,扩散加权成像(DWI)高信号;1例FLAIR成像呈现中脑"V字征";1例MRA显示右侧大脑后动脉主要由后交通动脉延伸,P1段发育不良,即胚胎型大脑后动脉。按照脑血管病治疗后临床症状均改善。提示典型临床表现、丘脑旁正中区对称性DWI高信号和FLAIR成像中脑"V字征"有助于早期诊断Percheron动脉梗死,单侧胚胎型大脑后动脉可能是Percheron动脉梗死的潜在先天性危险因素。     

以精神异常起病的双侧丘脑梗死2例报告

目的分析Percheron动脉梗死的病因、临床特点、影像学表现及预后。方法收集2例Percheron动脉梗死患者的临床资料并复习相关资料。结果 2例Percheron动脉脑梗死以精神智能障碍为主要表现,影像学表现为DWI序列上可见双侧丘脑高信号,预后较好。结论双侧丘脑梗死临床少见,应考虑到Percheron动脉梗死可能,应尽早行头颅磁共振检查明确诊断。     

丘脑旁正中动脉闭塞1例及文献复习

双侧丘脑旁正中梗死(bilateral paramedian thalamic infartion)由双侧后部丘脑穿通动脉(又称Percheron动脉、丘脑旁正中动脉、后部丘脑-丘脑下动脉)[1 ]闭塞引起,属基底动脉尖综合征的一部分.其典型临床表现为垂直凝视麻痹、意识障碍、遗忘综合征、神经心理行为改变[2～5].     

Percheron动脉闭塞致双侧丘脑梗死2例报告及文献复习

<正>Percheron动脉是丘脑穿通动脉的一种正常变异类型,它供应丘脑旁正中部及中脑上部,这条动脉的闭塞会导致多种临床症状和体征。研究发现,典型的Percheron动脉闭塞所致梗死模式占所有缺血性卒中的0. 1%～2%,占所有丘脑梗死的4%～18%~([1])。双侧丘脑梗死是罕见的后循环卒中表现,仅占所有后循环梗死的11%~([2])。本文作者报道2例Percheron动脉闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死的临床资料,并结合文献对病例特点进行分析。1临床资料病例1:患者,男,78岁,因"反应迟钝6 h伴意识不清2 h"于2017年11月入院。患者于入院前6 h晨起时叫醒困     

以TIA形式起病的Percheron动脉闭塞1例报告并文献复习

<正>丘脑的供应血管存在多种变异,Percheron动脉为十分少见的一种变异形式,因该动脉闭塞导致双侧丘脑对称性梗死而受到国内外学者高度关注。双侧丘脑梗死多导致患者出现丘脑三联征(急性意识障碍、记忆力下降、垂直凝视麻痹),而早期以TIA形式起病的病例罕有报道。现报道1例以TIA形式起病的Percheron动脉闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死临床资料,并结合国内外相关文献,进一步探讨双侧丘脑血管解剖及梗死后临床表现、影像学特征、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后,以     

Percheron动脉闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死1例报道并文献复习

正Percheron动脉(Artery of Percheron,AOP)是一种罕见的血管变异类型,由法国神经病学家Percheron首次提出并命名,AOP闭塞导致双侧丘脑旁正中部梗死累及或不累及中脑,也称AOP梗死,占所有脑梗死的0.1%～2%,临床特征复杂多变初期很难确诊,预后常遗留认知功能障碍。本研究通过报道1例AOP梗死病例的诊疗过程,并学习国内外相关文献,以提高对该病的认识,改善其预后。1 临床资料患者,男,49岁,入院     

Percheron动脉梗死临床分析

Percheron动脉（AOP）是丘脑旁正中动脉的一种解剖变异形式,随着影像技术的发展,AOP受到越来越多的关注。现报道1例AOP闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死的病例,其特点是双侧丘脑梗死呈进展性,但早期弥散加权成像未随卒中进展而出现相应弥散受限信号,多次复查后方出现与症状相符的影像学表现。通过本例患者并回顾相关文献资料,探讨AOP梗死可能的发病机制、临床表现和影像学特征,以期提高对此类疾病的诊治水平。     

双侧丘脑旁正中梗死1例报告

双侧丘脑旁正中梗死(bilateral paramedian thalamic infartion)又称双侧腹内侧丘脑综合征(bilateral ventromedial thalamic syndrome,BVTS),临床并不常见,研究认为Percheron 动脉闭塞是其主要原因[1],其临床表现包括不同程度的意识障碍、双眼垂直注视障碍,尤其是下视困难以及以Korsakoff遗忘综合征为主要表现的精神症状[2].     

颅脑MRI检查对Wernicke脑病的诊断价值

目的 探讨颅脑MRI检查对Wemicke脑病(WE)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析8例WE患者的临床资料及MRI检查结果.结果 8例WE患者MRI示脑部T2 WI、Flair成像及弥散加权成像(DWI)有对称性异常高信号影,其中出现在丘脑内侧6例、中脑导水管周围灰质4例、第三脑室周围灰质3例、乳头体2例及壳核、视交叉、小脑上蚓部、皮质下白质各1例;2例有增强效应.2例发病早期T2 WI、Flair无异常信号影,DWI示丘脑内侧对称性异常高信号影.结论 MRI对WE具有诊断价值,DWI对WE的早期诊断价值更高.     

Magnetic resonance imaging,susceptibility weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping findings of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is extremely rare. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of PKAN patients. Conventional MRI and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequences and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) maps of six patients from three PKAN families and eight healthy male volunteers were retrospectively analyzed. Iron content was represented by QSM values. The typical eye-of-the-tiger sign (n = 4) and hyperintensity (n = 2) of the bilateral globus pallidus (GP) were observed on T2WI sequences. The SWI signal was low (n = 5), and the QSM values were obviously higher (n = 2), which manifested as a reversed eye-of-the-tiger sign (n = 4) and hyperintensity (n = 2) on the QSM map. The QSM values were higher in the bilateral central GP, bilateral peripheral GP, and bilateral substantia nigra (SN) and lower in the left red nucleus (RN) compared with the healthy controls. No significant differences were observed in the right RN, bilateral thalamus and bilateral occipital regions. Low signals on SWI sequences and high QSM values with a reversed eye-of-the-tiger sign on QSM maps are important for the diagnosis of PKAN, especially in patients who do not show the eye-of-the-tiger sign in early stages. The eye-of-the-tiger sign observed on T2WI is helpful in diagnosing PKAN when the disease has already progressed to an advanced stage.     

脑内神经元及神经元与神经胶质混合性肿瘤的MRI表现（附31例报告及文献复习）

目的 探讨脑内神经元及神经元神经胶质混合性肿瘤的MRI表现。方法 结合复习文献,尝试对31例经手术病理证实的脑内神经元及神经元神经胶质混合性肿瘤病例的MRI影像学特点进行分析。MRI检查采用GE Signa扫描机。31例病理结果,神经节胶质瘤11例,中枢神经细胞瘤15例,神经节细胞瘤3例,小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤2例。结果 神经节胶质瘤MRI表现T1加权像为低信号囊性闭快,T2加权像均为高信号。局部灰白质界限不清。注射Gd-DTPA后,囊壁及结节增强为主。中枢神经细胞瘤MRI可见T1WI呈不均匀等信号团块混杂有低信号,T2WI：部分为等信号,部分为高信号。注射Gd-DTPA：表现为非均匀增强。神经节细胞瘤MRI表现质子密度像或T2WI为等或稍高信号。T1WI为低信号。小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤MRI显像可见病变在T1WI为黑色,而在T2WI为白色,注射造影剂后无增强。病灶条纹状,边界清楚,无水肿。结论 神经元及神经元胶质混合性肿瘤为一类较少见的神经系统肿瘤,其最终诊断仍取决于组织学。但该类肿瘤的影像学表现中部分病例具有一定特点。根据这些特点,结合临床表现,有益于在术前做出正确诊断。     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in early stage of 5-fluorouracil-induced leukoencephalopathy

We report a case of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced leukoencephalopathy in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), was performed serially. The initial T2-weighted and FLAIR images showed diffuse mild hyperintensity in bilateral deep cerebral white matter and corpus callosum, which on T1WI appeared as non-enhanced faint hypointensity. Isotropic DWI disclosed the abnormality as well-conspicuous diffuse hyperintensity with decreased ADC. Serial studies revealed that majority of the abnormal signal intensity on these sequences resolved, and the decreased ADC values approached normal. Some hyperintensity remained in the deep cerebral white matter and the splenium, but no further significant ADC change after normalization was noted. Measurement of ADC along the three orthogonal directions showed the presence of directional dependence of diffusion throughout the length of study. These findings suggest that early stage of 5-FU-induced leukoencephalopathy is associated with reversible restricted diffusion and preservation of anisotropy. Diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful for the diagnosis.     

DWI及MRA在大面积脑梗塞早期诊断中的价值

目的:评价弥散加权磁共振成像DWI和磁共振血管成像MRA对早期大面积脑梗塞的诊断价值。方法:对24例早期大面积脑梗塞的临床和磁共振资料进行分析,全部患者均行DWI及MRA检查。结果:24例早期大面积脑梗塞中,13例急性期CT扫描未检测出确切病灶,DWI扫描全部出现大片异常高信号,病灶检出率为100％。而在常规T2WI检查中,7例为阴性,病灶检出率为69％。MRA发现血管异常24例,表现为供血动脉闭塞,狭窄、硬化。结论: DWI有助于明确早期大面积脑梗塞病变范围,且能区别新旧病灶。MRA能直接显示大面积脑梗塞闭塞的供血脑血管,联合使用DWI和MRA对早期大面积脑梗塞诊断有重要的临床价值,也有利于早期合理的治疗方案制定及预后判断。     

Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction with hypothalamic dysfunction

Unilateral thalamic lesions cause transient or permanent behavioral, sensory and oculomotor disturbances; bilateral lesions of thalamus result in more severe and longer lasting symptoms. We present an atypical case of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct with concomitant hypothalamic dysfunction. The only risk factor of ischaemic stroke found in the patient was a short lasting episode of atrial fibrillation. Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts may result from occlusion of one paramedian thalamic artery, which arises from the posterior cerebral artery, either with separated or with a common trunk, thus supplying the thalamus bilaterally. Independently of anatomical variants of thalamus blood supply, the most probable cause of infarct in our patient was unilateral or bilateral occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery by cardioembolism, probably in the course of basilar artery occlusion. Hypothalamic dysfunction may accompany thalamic infarcts; thus hypothalamo-pituitary function should be routinely assessed in bithalamic infarcts.     

颅内原发黑色素瘤的MRI、CT分析

目的探讨颅内原发黑色素瘤的影像学表现,以提高对该病的认识和诊断正确率。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的4例颅内原发黑色素瘤MRI、CT表现;4例患者均进行MRI检查,其中3例同时行CT检查。结果CT平扫均为高密度,密度部分不均匀,增强扫描肿瘤明显强化。4例MRIT1WI肿瘤均表现为高信号为主,其中2例T2WI为低信号,2例为高低混杂信号,肿瘤内信号部分不均匀,增强后扫描肿瘤可见明显强化。结论颅内原发黑色素瘤MRI具有特征性表现,对于显示肿瘤范围、成分及脑膜的浸润和定性诊断较CT有优势。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床及影像学特点

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析16例RPLS患者的临床资料。结果患者均为急性起病,其中继发于高血压脑病7例,妊娠子痫9例。患者均出现血压明显升高,其中出现头痛9例,意识障碍9例,癫痫发作13例,视力模糊6例。16例患者MRI均表现为双侧枕叶和/或额、颞、顶叶对称或不对称的T1低信号,T2高信号;其中累及顶叶13例(81.3%),枕叶12例(75.0%),额叶9例(56.3%),颞叶5例(31.3%),小脑4例(25.0%)。弥散加权成像(DWI)显示等/低信号14例,异常高信号2例。所有患者经对症治疗均痊愈。结论 RPLS以血压升高、头痛、视觉异常、意识障碍、癫痫发作为主要临床表现。MRI表现双侧枕叶和/或额、颞、顶叶对称或不对称的T1低信号,T2高信号,经治疗预后良好。     

瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病的影像学特点观察

目的分析瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病(TIDD)影像特点,探讨磁共振(MRI)特别是强化和弥散加权成像(DWI)检查技术对于TIDD的诊断价值。方法对16例TIDD患者行头颅CT和MRI扫描。结果病灶在头颅CT均为低信号,在MRI平扫上呈T1WI低、T2WI高信号,强化像上可见强化,57%可见开环征,发病早期DWI可见高信号,FLAIR较T1WI及T2WI能显示更清晰的病灶及范围。结论使用多种影像技术可以辅助诊断TIDD,并与脑缺血或肿瘤相鉴别,能区分病灶所处时期,因此,影像检查是诊断TIDD的有效辅诊方法之一。