北京平谷地区妊娠糖尿病发病危险因素及生产结局分析

目的探讨北京平谷地区GDM发病率并分析其危险因素。方法前瞻性选取2016年10月至2017年3月于北京市平谷区医院进行产前检查并分娩的974例孕妇,排除孕前糖尿病后诊断GDM患者184例(GDM组),同期非GDM孕妇790例(N-GDM组)。比较两组年龄、孕前BMI、孕期BMI增幅、谷丙转氨酶、BP、DM家族史,探讨GDM的危险因素;比较两组妊娠、分娩期并发症的差异。结果平谷地区GDM发病率高达18.9%(184/974)。GDM组孕妇年龄中位数高于N-GDM组[31(28,35) vs 29(27,32)岁,Z=-4.719,P0.01],GDM组孕前BMI中位数高于N-GDM组[24.2(22.2,26.2)vs 22.0(19.9,24.8)kg/m~2,Z=-6.351,P0.01],GDM组剖宫产率明显高于N-GDM组[60.9%(112/184)vs 42.7%(337/790),χ~2=19.29,P0.01]。GDM、N-GDM组孕妇早产率[1.6%(3/184)vs 3.3%(26/790)]、妊娠期高血压病患病率[2.7%(5/184)vs 2.5%(20/790)]、巨大儿[4.3%(8/184)vs 6.5%(51/790)]比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.2)。结论平谷地区GDM发病率较高,高龄、孕前超重及肥胖与GDM发生增加相关,应进一步加强对孕龄女性孕前体重管理,减少GDM发生;对GDM患者综合管理,避免不良妊娠结局发生。     

临沂市妊娠期糖尿病筛查结果及相关因素分析

目的调查临沂市GDM患病率,并对GDM相关危险因素进行分析,为GDM临床管理提供参考资料。方法采用2010年国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组(IADPSG)制定的GDM诊断标准,对2014年1~6月于我院进行产前检查的孕妇1861名,于妊娠24~28周行75 g OGTT,并分析年龄、孕前BMI、OGTT时BMI、孕期BMI增加值、糖尿病家族史等因素与GDM的关系。结果按照IADPSG标准,筛查出GDM患者(GDM组)406例,患病率为21.82%(406/1861)及糖耐量正常妊娠(GNGT)组1455名。两组年龄、孕次、产次、糖尿病家族史、孕前BMI、OGTT时BMI比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,GDM患病率与年龄、孕次、产次、糖尿病家族史、孕前BMI、OGTT时BMI、OGTT时BMI增量呈正相关(r=0.064、0.201、0.180、0.148、0.086、0.217、0.434,P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄孕次、产次、糖尿病家族史、孕前BMI、OGTT时BMI、OGTT时BMI增量均是GDM的危险因素(OR=1.040、1.524、1.406、1.578、1.106、2.191、2.515,P0.05)。结论临沂市GDM患病率较高,合并高龄、肥胖/超重、糖尿病家族史、孕期体重增加过多等高危因素的孕妇GDM患病率升高,应对其加强管理,尽快予个体化生活方式干预,以减少母婴并发症发生。     

高龄孕妇糖耐量血糖特征及其管理对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨不同阶段高龄孕妇OGTT血糖特征、GDM检出率及孕期BG管理对母婴结局的影响。方法选取2017年1～6月于福建省妇幼保健院分娩的908名高龄孕妇临床资料,按照年龄分为35～39岁组(n=721)和≥40岁组(n=187),比较两组75 g OGTT血糖特征。按照是否诊断GDM分为GDM组(n=253)和非GDM组(non-GDM,n=655)。GDM患者采取健康教育、饮食指导、运动、BG监测及药物治疗等综合管理模式,根据BG控制情况分为BG控制良好亚组(well-GDM,n=220)和控制欠佳亚组(bad-GDM,n=33)。分析BG管理对妊娠结局的影响。结果 908名高龄孕妇GDM检出率为27.86%。≥40岁组75 g OGTT不同时间点BG值、时间-血糖曲线的AUC、AUC≥13 mmol/(L·h)比例、GDM检出率、单纯FBG异常比例高于35～39岁组(P0.05)。bad-GDM亚组妊娠期高血压病、早产、羊水过多、巨大儿、新生儿高胆红素血症发生率均高于well-GDM亚组(P0.05)。结论随着高龄孕妇年龄增加,GDM检出率增加,应重视高龄孕妇GDM防治。加强GDM孕期规范化管理,控制BG水平,可影响母婴妊娠结局。     

妊娠期糖尿病联合门诊对妊娠结局获益分析的研究

目的分析深圳地区GDM患者的妊娠不良结局,评价GDM联合门诊的效果。方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2015年7月于香港大学深圳医院及深圳龙岗中心医院分娩的GDM患者376例和糖耐量正常孕妇(GNGT组)400名的临床资料,探讨参加GDM联合门诊组(联合监管组,n=316)、未参加GDM联合门诊组即对照(Con,n=60)组与GNGT组母婴结局差异。结果 (1)联合监管组孕期体重和BMI增加均低于Con组[(12.94±4.64)vs(14.87±5.45)kg,P0.05],[(5.01±1.79)vs(5.74±2.12)kg/m2,P0.05]。联合监管组早产儿发生率低于Con组[3.48%(11/316)vs 10.00%(6/60),P0.05],胰岛素使用率高于Con组[17.09%(54/316)vs 1.67%(1/60),P0.05];(2)联合监管组年龄、孕前体重和BMI均高于GNGT组[(31.88±4.07)vs(30.39±4.22)岁,(55.04±7.81)vs(52.55±6.71)kg,(21.24±2.66)vs(20.35±2.34)kg/m2,P0.05],孕期体重增加、BMI增加低于GNGT组[(12.94±4.64)vs(15.20±4.10)kg,(5.01±1.79)vs(5.89±1.59)kg/m2,P0.05],联合监管组的分娩孕周低于GNGT组[(38.78±1.12)vs(39.05±1.28)周,P0.05],两组母婴不良结局比较,差异无统计学意义;(3)Con组孕前BMI高于GNGT组[(21.03±2.67)vs(20.35±2.34)kg/m2,P0.05],分娩孕周低于GNGT组[(38.50±1.99)vs(39.05±1.28)周,P0.05],早产儿发生率高于GNGT组[10.00%(6/60)vs 2.75%(11/400),P0.05]。结论 GDM联合门诊可降低GDM的早产率。     

妊娠期糖尿病危险因素分析及对妊娠结局的影响研究

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus,GDM)发生的相关危险因素,并对其妊娠结局进行分析。方法回顾性分析2015年2月—2018年2月在该院分娩的139例产妇的临床资料,依据口服葡萄糖耐糖量试验结果将其划分为GDM组(35例)与非GDM组(104例),分析妊娠期糖尿病危险因素,并对比两组妊娠结局。结果两组HBsAg阳性率、阴道念珠菌感染率对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GDM组糖尿病家族史、年龄≥35岁、孕次≥3次、孕前BMI≥24 kg/m~2、流产次数≥3次占比均高于非GDM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经Logistic回归分析发现,糖尿病家族史、年龄≥35岁、孕次≥3次、孕前BMI≥24 kg/m~2、流产次数≥3次均为GDM发生的独立危险因素(OR1,P0.05);GDM组早产、胎膜早破、产后出血、羊水过多及妊娠期高血压发生率均高于非GDM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组新生儿死亡发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GDM组胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、新生儿窒息及新生儿畸形发生率均高于非GDM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病家族史、年龄≥35岁、孕前BMI≥24 kg/m~2等均为妊娠期糖尿病发生的危险因素,且妊娠期糖尿病产妇妊娠不良结局发生率较高,临床应着重关注该类产妇,并通过孕前宣教、饮食管理等干预方式,以为胎儿宫内发育创造良好环境,同时在优生优育方面具有重要意义。     

妊娠前体质量指数和胎次对妊娠糖尿病发病的影响

目的探讨妊娠前体质量指数(BMI)、胎次与妊娠糖尿病(GDM)发病的关系。方法该研究选择该院2012年2月—2014年12月接受孕产期检查、临床资料完整的孕妇262例,对其采取葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT实验),并完整记录年龄、孕周、文化程度、妊娠前体质量指数及胎次等临床资料。根据妊娠前BMI将孕妇分为4组:偏瘦组(BMI18.5kg/m~2),正常组(BMI 18.5~23.0 kg/m~2),超重组(BMI23.1~25.0 kg/m~2),肥胖组(BMI25.0 kg/m~2)。分析妊娠前体BMI、胎次与GDM的关系。结果超重或肥胖的孕妇发生GDM的风险高于正常和偏瘦组;GDM的影响因素依次为:胎次、BMI、年龄、文化程度,其中BMI和胎次是GDM的主要危险因素。结论妊娠前妇女BMI越大,妊娠胎次越多,发生GDM的风险越高。     

妊娠期糖尿病并发症相关因素的分析

目的探讨GDM患者并发症的相关危险因素。方法 134例GDM患者分为无并发症组及并发症组。测定两组C-RP、FPG、FIns及血脂水平;记录母婴并发症发生情况;分析各危险因素与并发症的相关性。结果 GDM+并发症组C-RP、FPG、孕前BMI和孕晚期BMI均高于单纯GDM组[(5.46±4.20)vs(2.60±2.76)mg/L、(5.68±1.36)vs(5.25±0.77)mmol/L、(24.79±3.92)vs(23.03±2.51)kg/m2、(29.05±3.79)vs(27.25±2.58)kg/m2](P0.05)。相关分析显示,C-RP与FPG呈正相关(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,孕晚期BMI、C-RP、TG和HDL-C是母体发生并发症的危险因素;C-RP是新生儿发生并发症的危险因素。结论 C-RP、血脂、孕晚期BMI与GDM母婴并发症发生密切相关;积极控制血糖、合理控制体重增加和血脂有助于减轻炎症反应,改善妊娠不良结局。     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子-1α水平与妊娠期糖尿病及不良妊娠结局的相关性研究

目的探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子-1α(PGC-1α)水平与妊娠期糖尿病及不良妊娠结局的关系。方法选取2020年6月至2022年2月于泰州市人民医院行产前检查的孕妇作为观察队列, 根据其孕24～28周75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验的结果纳入妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇作为GDM组, 筛选出年龄、孕周、孕前体重指数相匹配的正常糖耐量孕妇作为对照组。检测研究对象PGC-1α、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS), 并计算稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和稳态模型评估β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)。随访研究对象至分娩, 收集不良妊娠结局指标。采用Mann‐WhitneyU检验对两组间PGC-1α水平进行比较, 采用Spearman相关性分析法分析PGC-1α与糖代谢指标的相关性。采用多因素logistic回归分析法分析PGC-1α与GDM及不良妊娠结局的关系。结果共有353例孕妇入选观察队列, 最终有75例纳入GDM组, 75名纳入对照组。与对照组比较, GDM组的PGC-1α水平更低(Z=-3.483, P=0.001)。相关性分析结果显示, PGC-1α与FPG...     

GDM患者血清脂联素、FFA水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

选取妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇40例为观察组,其中孕前体重指数(BMI)<25者20例,BMI≥25者20例.另取正常妊娠孕妇60例为对照组,BMI<25者30例,BMI≥25者30例.采用放免法测定两组孕妇空腹脂联素、胰岛素水平,用酶法测定血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、甘油三脂、总胆固醇、血糖,并计算胰岛素抵抗(IR)指数(HOMA-IR).结果显示观察组孕妇空腹血清脂联素显著低于对照组(P<0.05),FFA、空腹血糖、胰岛索、总胆固醇、甘油三脂显著高于对照组(P均<0.05).当BMI<25时,GDM组血清脂联素显著低于对照组(P<0.05).而当BMI≥25时,两组脂联素水平无差异.HOMA-IR与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.161,P<0.05),与FFA呈正相关(r=0.24JD,P<0.01).认为GDM孕妇血清脂联素水平降低,FFA水平升高.排除体脂因素后,只有在正常体质量的GDM患者中才有空腹脂联素水平降低.低脂联素和高FFA水平与GDM患者胰岛素抵抗密切相关.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者空腹血糖以及不良妊娠结局分析

目的 分析妊娠期糖尿病患者空腹血糖以及不良妊娠结局。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年1月期间在徐州市铜山区中医院进行孕前检查并且已生产的70例孕妇资料。孕妇在怀孕24～28周正常进行口服葡萄糖耐量测试,根据检测结果分为确诊妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)组(28例)与非GDM组(42例),对比两组孕早期空腹血糖值、口服葡萄糖耐量测试血糖值及不良妊娠结局发生率。结果 GDM组孕早期空腹血糖值水平较非GDM组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GDM组各项糖耐血糖值均较非GDM组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GDM组不良妊娠结局发生率较非GDM组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 妊娠糖尿孕妇早期血糖值普遍较非妊娠糖尿病孕妇早期血糖值高,因此当孕妇早期血糖值过高时应引起重视,孕妇状况允许情况下及时进行饮食运动干预,降低孕妇发生妊娠糖尿病的同时降低孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率,对保护孕妇及胎儿生命健康有重要意义。     

Antepartum and early postpartum predictors of type 2 diabetes development in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at identifying ante-partum and early post-partum (one year) clinical and metabolic characteristics capable of predicting the future development of type 2 diabetes in pregnant women of Mediterranea area affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy GDM patients were evaluated: mean age during pregnancy, plasma glucose levels under OGTT (100 gr. glucose), fasting, 1-h post-prandial plasma glucose levels, HbA(1c) at the third trimester, gestational week of GDM diagnosis, insulin therapy, and weight gain were all taken into consideration. Some maternal risk factors such as pre-pregnancy BMI, and maternal and fetal outcome of index pregnancy were also assessed. One year after delivery in the same patients, BMI, fasting and 1-h post-prandial plasma glucose, plasma glucose and insulinemia under OGTT (75 gr. glucose) were measured. We focused our attention on women who presented type 2 diabetes 5 years after pregnancy or IGT and those who, one year after pregnancy, were normal. RESULTS: Five years after pregnancy 49 women were normal, 5 had developed type 1 diabetes and were not considered, 6 had developed IGT, and 10 type 2 diabetes. Analysis of variables during pregnancy showed that those variables predicting type 2 diabetes were pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational week of diagnosis, need for insulin therapy, obesity, and plasma glucose at 60' OGTT. Analysis of variables evaluated one year after pregnancy showed that BMI, fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose, plasma glucose at each point of the OGTT, and plasma insulin at 30' OGTT were predictive of the development of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, age, post-partum fasting plasma glucose, and plasma glucose under OGTT post-partum were predictive of the development of IGT. Our data show for the first time that, also in a Caucasian Mediterranean population, markers of the future development of diabetes do exist, as reported in literature. They also stress the importance of correct identification of GDM patients, in order to screen those at greater risk of developing diabetes, for whom it is imperative to set up prevention programs.     

C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: the central role of maternal obesity

Acute-phase biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 have emerged as predictors of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus, implicating chronic subclinical inflammation as a factor in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Gestational diabetes (GDM) identifies a population of women at high risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus, representing an early stage in the natural history of the disease. In this context, we performed a cross-sectional study to determine whether markers of subclinical inflammation are elevated in patients with GDM. We studied 180 healthy pregnant women undergoing oral glucose tolerance testing in the late second or early third trimester. Based on oral glucose tolerance testing and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), participants were stratified into four groups: 1) normal glucose tolerance (NGT) lean (BMI, <25 kg/m(2)) (n = 65); 2) NGT overweight (n = 28); 3) impaired glucose tolerance (n = 39); and 4) GDM (n = 48). Median CRP level was highest in overweight NGT subjects (8.8 mg/liter), followed by GDM (5.5 mg/liter), impaired glucose tolerance (4.4 mg/liter), and lean NGT (4.4 mg/liter) (overall P = 0.0297). CRP was significantly correlated with prepregnancy BMI (r = 0.38, P < 0.0001), followed by fasting insulin (r = 0.27, P = 0.0002) and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.18, P = 0.016). In multivariate linear regression analysis, prepregnancy BMI emerged as the most important determinant of CRP concentration, whereas glycemic tolerance status was not a significant factor. Furthermore, the observed stepwise increase in CRP per tertile of prepregnancy BMI was not significantly attenuated by glycemic tolerance status or factors known to be associated with GDM. In summary, we demonstrate that maternal serum levels of CRP are not related to GDM but rather correlate significantly with prepregnancy obesity. An independent contribution of CRP to risk of GDM could not be confirmed. These data suggest a model in which obesity mediates a systemic inflammatory response, with possible downstream metabolic sequelae, including insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation.     

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??Objective To understand the incidence of metabolic syndrome(MS)when women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) gave birth one year later??and to find its influencing factors.Methods 126 women diagnosed with GDM were selected(GDM group) and came to our hospital for prenatal examination??and paid a return visit 1 year after childbirth.Meanwhile??114 women with normal glycometabolism??who gave birth at the same time and paid a return visit 1 year after childbirth(NGT group).At middle pregnancy??we asked all the women about their progestational body weight??diabetic family history??gestation history and so on??and then we collected their body height??weight??blood glucose at OGTT test??fasting plasma insulin??fasting plasma lipid and hs-CRP.One year after childbirth??we measured their body height??weight??abdominal girth??blood pressure??fasting plasma glucose and lipid when they paid a return visit.Results As compared with the NGT group??GDM gouup had more severe metabolic disorder??which lasted 1 year after they gave birth.One year after childbirth??the incidence of MS in GDM gouup was 17.5% (22/126)??and that in the NGT group was 7.9% (9/114).Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors in association with the incidence of MS after childbirth included fasting plasma glucose at OGTT test??BMI at progestation??hs-CRP at pregnancy and pregnant age??and their OR value were 96.48??1.63??1.47 and 1.44??respectively.Conclusion The incidence of MS is notably higher in GDM gouup??and fasting plasma glucose at pregnancy??body mass index at progestation??hs-CRP at pregnancy and pregnant age may predict MS incidence after childbirth.     

个体化营养治疗(MNT)对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者血糖控制及妊娠结局的影响分析

目的讨论个体化营养治疗(MNT)对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制及妊娠结局的影响效果。方法选择2019年1月—2020年10月,搜集患者库GDM患者并选出89例分两组,对照组(n=44)坚持饮食干预,观察组(n=45)行MNT。对两组患者的血糖控制、体质量(BMI)控制、妊娠结局进行对比。结果MNT控制结果对比血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、饭后2 h血糖(2 hPG)]、BMI,观察组治疗后FPG、2 hPG、BMI数值相对于对照组均较优,差异有统计学意义(t=7.395、4.950、4.373,P<0.05);妊娠结局对比并发症、早产、剖宫产等情况,观察组并发症总发生率、早产率、剖宫产率相对于对照组均较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);母婴结局对比新生儿出生时Apgar、产妇生活质量(ADL),观察组数值相对于对照组均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MNT对于GDM患者效果显著,有助于血糖、BMI控制,可降低妊娠并发症发生率,减少早产、剖宫产,改善母婴结局。     

A retrospective study of maternal and neonatal outcomes in overweight and obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus

In pregnant women, obesity is a risk factor for multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and preterm birth. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM. A retrospective study of 5010 patients with GDM in 11 provinces in China was performed in 2011. Participants were divided into three groups based on BMI as follows: a normal weight group (BMI 18.5–23.9 kg/m²), an overweight group (BMI 24–27.9 kg/m²), and an obese group (BMI ≥28.0 kg/m²). Maternal baseline characteristics and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared between the groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between BMI and the risk of adverse outcomes. Of the 5010 GDM patients, 2879 subjects were from north China and 2131 were from south China. Women in the normal weight group gained more weight during pregnancy compared with the overweight and obese GDM patients. Women in the overweight and obese groups had increased odds of hypertension during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)?=?1.50, 95 % confidence interval (CI)?=?1.31–1.76 and AOR?=?2.12, 95 % CI?=?1.84–3.16). The AORs for macrosomia in the overweight and obese groups were 1.46 (95 % CI?=?1.16–1.69) and 1.94 (95 % CI?=?1.31–2.98), respectively. The relative risk of delivering a baby with an Apgar score <7 at 5 min was significantly higher in women who were obese (AOR?=?2.11, 95 % CI?=?1.26–2.85) before pregnancy compared with normal weight women. Compared with the normal weight subjects, the incidence of cesarean section and emergency cesarean section among overweight and obese women with GDM was significantly higher (P?<?0.001). Overall, overweight and obese women with GDM have an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including hypertension during pregnancy, macrosomic infants, infants with low Apgar scores, and the need for an emergency cesarean section. More attention should be paid to GDM women who are obese because they are at risk for multiple adverse outcomes.     

Prior gestational hyperglycemia: a long-term predictor of the metabolic syndrome

Little is known about the association between prior gestational hyperglycemia of different severity and the subsequent risk for the metabolic syndrome. Eighty-one women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 25 with one abnormal value at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and 65 with normal OGTT were studied after a mean of 8.5 yr from the index pregnancy. Patients with prior gestational hyperglycemia (both one abnormal value at the OGTT and GDM) showed a worse metabolic pattern than subjects with gestational normoglycemia [respectively higher values of body mass index (BMI), waist, blood pressure, serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), fibrinogen and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol]. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components was 2-4-fold higher in women with prior gestational hyperglycemia (and 10-fold higher if pre-pregnancy obesity coexisted) when compared to normoglycemic controls; in a Cox proportional hazard model, after adjustments for age and pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational hyperglycemia and pre-pregnancy BMI predicted subsequent metabolic syndrome [respectively: hazard ratio (HR)=4.26 and HR=1.21] and most of its components. In the same model, the highest quartile of fasting serum glucose at the OGTT of the index pregnancy was significantly associated to the metabolic syndrome and its components. Gestational hyperglycemia and fasting glucose values were also associated to subsequent fibrinogen values, but not to albumin excretion rates. In young adult women, prior gestational hyperglycemia (particularly abnormal fasting glucose values), above all in combination with pre-pregnancy obesity, anticipates a subsequent syndrome at high cardiovascular risk and, possibly, a mild chronic inflammatory response.     

青年和中年时期体重状态变化及最大体重减重程度与其中老年时期2型糖尿病的关系

目的探讨青年及中年时期人群,发生超重和肥胖后的体重状态变化以及最大体重减重程度与其中老年期发生T2DM的关系。方法基于中国糖尿病和代谢紊乱研究库,选取19878名年龄≥40岁的中老年人群,采用多因素Logistic回归分析既往超重及肥胖[最大BMI(BMIMax)≥24.0 kg/m^2]发生在青年及中年时期人群的体重状态变化及最大体重减重程度与T2DM患病风险的关系。结果与正常体重组(BMIMax及BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m^2)相比,青年时期持续超重组(BMIMax及BMI≥24.0 kg/m^2)、青年时期既往超重组(BMIMax≥24.0 kg/m^2,BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m^2)、中年时期持续超重组(BMIMax及BMI≥24.0 kg/m^2)、中年时期既往超重组(BMIMax≥24.0 kg/m^2,BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m^2)的T2DM患病风险均不同程度增加,以青年时期持续超重组最高(OR 2.57,95%CI 2.21~2.99)。超重人群(BMIMax≥24.0 kg/m^2)中,与减重<5%人群相比,减重≥5%人群T2DM患病风险增高,以减重≥15%人群风险最高(OR 3.58,95%CI 3.07~4.17)。结论无论目前体重正常或超重,青年及中年时期人群发生超重及肥胖均增加其中老年时期T2DM患病风险。超重人群最大体重减重≥5%时,中老年T2DM患病风险增加。     

Early postpartum metabolic syndrome in women with or without gestational diabetes: Results from Life after Gestational Diabetes Ahvaz cohort study

Aims

This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and its potential risk factors, 6–12 weeks postpartum in women with GDM compared to women with normal glucose tolerance.

Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus by pre-pregnancy body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is serious health challenges. This study aimed at determining the risk of GDM among pregnant women by pre-pregnancy BMI. Five electronic databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for literature published form 2015 to January 1, 2021. The pooled estimate risk of GDM among pregnant women was 16.8% (95% CI: 15.3–18.4). The risk of GDM in underweight/normal group and overweight/obese group were 10.7% (95% CI: 9.1–12.4) and 23% (95% CI: 20.2–25.9), respectively. The risk of GDM is high among overweight/obese pregnant women.     

Prevalence of gestational diabetes and contributing factors among pregnant Jordanian women attending Jordan University Hospital

To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and associated risk factors among pregnant Jordanian women attending Jordan University hospital. A cross-sectional study conducted on 644 singleton pregnancies screened for GDM with 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks of gestation between January 2015 and January 2016 in Jordan. The diagnosis of GDM was reached through WHO criteria. Maternal characteristics and demographic information, and obstetrics’ histories, were collected. The prevalence of GDM with it’s risk factors was then determined. The prevalence of GDM was 13.5%. A statistically significant increase in prevalence was observed among pregnant women with increase in the following variables: maternal age, gravidity, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal BMI at the time of the tests and with the presence of acanthosis nigricans, past history of gestational diabetes, and family history of diabetes mellitus type II with a p `0.001, p 0.005, p 0.013, p 0.000, p 0.000, p 0.001, p 0.016, and p 0.001 respectively. The impact of GDM on maternal and infant health is of great clinical and public health importance and imposes a significant economic burden. The prevalence of GDM seems to be quite high in Jordan. Given that women with diabetes are unaware of their condition, all pregnant women should be screened for oral glucose tolerance test and encouraged to do it at the proper time.