升主动脉成形术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣患者升主动脉扩张的效果分析

目的:探讨升主动脉成形术(reduction ascending aortoplasty,RAA)治疗二叶式主动脉瓣(bicuspid aortic valve,BAV)患者升主动脉扩张的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2015年12月长海医院208例因主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉扩张行主动脉瓣置换术(aortic valve replacement,AVR)联合RAA治疗患者的临床资料。根据患者主动脉瓣情况,分为BAV组和三叶式主动脉瓣(tricuspid aortic valve,TAV)组;在BAV组中,根据术中升主动脉的目标直径,将患者分为30 mm组和≥30 mm组。结果:BAV组与TAV组的术后死亡率、并发症发生率、二次手术比例和随访升主动脉直径等指标差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);BAV组术中升主动脉目标直径30 mm组的随访升主动脉直径、术后5年和9年升主动脉扩张程度均明显小于术中升主动脉≥30 mm组(P均0.05)。结论:对于BAV合并升主动脉扩张的患者,BAV不是行RAA的不利因素,在RAA术中将升主动脉目标直径控制在30 mm以下,中远期疗效更好。     

自膨胀式瓣膜经导管主动脉瓣置换术后新发传导障碍的相关因素分析

目的 回顾性探究接受自膨胀式瓣膜(SEV)置入的经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)患者的基线临床特征、升主动脉根部解剖特点及术后新发传导障碍(NOCD)的相关因素。方法 回顾性研究自2014年12月至2022年11月于厦门大学附属心血管病医院接受TAVR手术的245例患者,根据纳排标准连续纳入167例术中置入SEV的患者,根据主动脉瓣形态分为三叶瓣组(TAV组,113例)和二叶瓣组(BAV组,54例),术后根据心电图特征将TAV组分为NOCD组(43例)和无NOCD组(70例);BAV组分为NOCD组(16例)和无NOCD组(38例)。收集患者术前心电图、升主动脉根部CT血管造影等临床资料。结果 在TAV组中：与NOCD组相比,无NOCD组的右-无冠瓣钙化定量更大(P=0.005),而主动脉成角则较小(P=0.002),多因素分析结果提示右-无冠瓣钙化定量每增加10 mm³,TAVR术后NOCD的发生风险降低2.6%(OR 0.974,P=0.039),主动脉成角每增加1°,术后NOCD的风险提升将近7.3%(OR1.073,P=0.003)。在BAV组中：术前PR...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式与三叶式主动脉瓣狭窄中期预后的初步比较

目的初步比较经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)与三叶式主动脉瓣(TAV)狭窄的中期预后。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选取2016年4月至2018年8月在广东省人民医院行TAVR治疗且随访时间超过1年的症状性重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者。依据主动脉CT血管成像结果将纳入患者分为BAV组和TAV组。主要终点为1年全因死亡和卒中组成的复合事件,次要终点为1年TAVR相关并发症。比较两组患者术后各终点事件发生率及超声心动图测得的血流动力学指标。并采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较两组间主要终点事件的发生情况。结果本研究共入选49例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,年龄(73.6±6.3)岁,男性25例(51.0%)。其中BAV组32例,TAV组17例,随访时间为466(390,664)d。BAV组与TAV组患者的1年期全因死亡和卒中组成的复合事件发生率差异无统计学意义[6.3%(2/32)比5.9%(1/17),P=1.00];Kaplan-Meier曲线亦显示该复合事件在两组的发生风险差异无统计学意义(HR=1.03,95%CI 0.09～11.24,Log-rankP=0.98)。...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄的安全性和有效性

目的:评估使用国产瓣膜行经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）治疗二叶式主动脉瓣（BAV）重度狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法:本研究是前瞻性、单中心、非随机对照研究。连续入选2016年1月至2020年4月在空军军医大学第一附属医院心内科使用国产瓣膜行TAVR治疗的症状性重度主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）患者,按瓣叶形态分为BAV组与三叶式...     

应用多模态超声心动图技术分析瓣膜功能正常的二叶式主动脉瓣畸形患者的主动脉结构和功能变化

目的：应用二维、M型及速度向量成像（VVI）等多模态超声心动图技术评价瓣膜功能正常的二叶式主动脉瓣畸形（BAV）患者的主动脉结构和功能变化，并探讨其与左心室收缩功能的相关性。方法：连续纳入2018年1月至2021年12月就诊于我院的瓣膜功能正常的BAV患者25例作为BAV组，另收集年龄、性别相匹配的30例健康体检者作为对照组。比较两组间一般临床资料及主动脉二维、M型、VVI超声心动图参数的差异，并探讨升主动脉内径与左心室收缩期整体纵向应变（GLS）的相关性。结果：与对照组相比，常规超声心动图显示，BAV组主动脉瓣收缩期峰值流速增快，主动脉瓣瓣口面积减小，左心室质量指数增大（P均<0.05）；二维超声心动图显示，BAV组主动脉根部复合体（包括主动脉瓣瓣环、主动脉窦部、主动脉窦管交界）内径差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05），升主动脉内径增大（P<0.05）;M型超声心动图显示，BAV组升主动脉应变、扩张性减小，僵硬指数增大（P均<0.05）;VVI超声心动图显示，BAV组升主动脉前壁和后壁最大纵向运动速度、最大纵向位移、最大纵向应变、最大纵向应变率均减低（P均&l...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术在中国重度症状性低危二叶式和三叶式主动脉瓣狭窄患者中的预后研究

目的:初步比较经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗外科低危重度症状性二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)与三叶式主动脉瓣(TAV)狭窄患者的短期临床预后.方法:本研究为单中心回顾性研究,纳入2015年6月至2021年1月在复旦大学附属中山医院接受TAVR治疗的外科低危[美国胸外科医师协会(STS)评分<4％]重度症状性主动脉瓣狭窄...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄与三叶式主动脉瓣狭窄疗效比较的meta分析

目的:系统评价经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄与三叶式主动脉瓣狭窄的疗效。方法:检索建库至2020年2月PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、万方数据库和中国知网的随机对照及队列研究试验,同时采用Revman 5.3、Stata 15.1软件对纳入试验进行荟萃分析。结果:纳入17项研究,共分析132333例患者。荟萃分析结果显示:BAV组与TAV组在30 d死亡率(OR=1.13,95%CI:0.89～1.44,P=0.32)、1年死亡率(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.77～1.06,P=0.22)、脑卒中(OR=1.26,95%CI:0.94～1.68,P=0.12)、瓣周漏(OR=1.17,95%CI:0.95～1.44,P=0.15)、大出血事件(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.66～1.06,P=0.13)、血管并发症(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.59～1.00,P=0.051)、冠脉阻塞(OR=1.83,95%CI:0.93～3.60,P=0.08)、术后心梗(OR=1.14,95%CI:0.63～2.06,P=0.66)、急性肾损伤(OR=1....     

右胸前外侧小切口微创主动脉瓣置换的倾向评分匹配研究

目的：总结右胸前外侧小切口微创主动脉瓣置换的技术和结果。 方法：回顾性研究我院2010年1月至2017年6月单纯主动脉瓣置换患者资料,分为微创组（N=65）和常规组（正中开胸,N=182）,胸骨上段小切口患者予以排除。微创组采用股动静脉插管建立体外循环,右侧第三肋间胸骨旁小切口,直视下置换主动脉瓣。采用Logistic模型对患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、主动脉瓣病变类别、心脏射血分数、心功能等级进行倾向评分匹配 （Propensity score matching）,匹配比例1:1,研究微创主动脉瓣置换技术的对临床结局的影响。 结果：全组患者3例死亡,均为常规组病人（3/182,1.6%）,微创组无中转开胸、无二次手术。进行倾向评分匹配后得出新的常规对照组（N=65）,术前资料与微创组无差异;与该组相比,微创组体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间显著延长（103.6±37.2 vs 88.3±27.2 min, P=0.01; 68.3±18.6 vs 48.8±18.9 min, P<0.01）;微创组术后ICU停留1.9±0.4天,住院8.4±1.8天,均显著低于常规组（2.4±0.9天,10.6±3.2天,P<0.01）;微创组术后第一天引流量较少（281±53 vs 432±88ml,P<0.01）。两组间死亡率、深部切口感染率及输血率无显著差异（0 vs 1.5%, P=0.32; 0 vs 3.1%, P=0.15; 23.1% vs 35.4%, P=0.13）。 结论：经右胸前外侧小切口微创主动脉瓣置换技术安全可行。该技术尽管增加体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间,但可减少引流,加速术后康复。     

微创切口与胸骨正中切口主动脉瓣置换术对比：倾向性评分匹配研究

目的 对比研究微创切口与胸骨正中切口主动脉瓣置换术的术后早期临床效果与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年8月解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管外科完成的308例单纯首次主动脉瓣置换术患者的临床资料,其中微创切口（右胸肋间切口或胸骨上段切口）60例（微创组）,常规胸骨正中切口248例（常规组）。利用倾向性评分匹配方法对两组患者的临床资料进行对比分析。结果 常规组患者术后早期死亡1例,二次开胸探查止血2例。倾向性评分匹配后,60对患者纳入分析,两组患者术前基线资料差异无统计学意义。微创组患者手术时间、CPB时间和主动脉阻断时间均大于常规组（分别为233.00±36.34min vs 215.42±35.57min,106.27±27.64min vs 89.13±22.89min,84.35±23.02min vs 69.08±21.37min）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。微创组术后ICU停留时间小于常规组[2（2-3）天vs 3（2-4）天],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。微创组术后当天引流量小于常规组[360（230-520）ml vs 495（360-665）ml],差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。微创组新发房颤率低于常规组（10% vs 30%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.006）。结论 与常规胸骨正中切口相比,微创切口可安全有效的应用于主动脉瓣置换术,并且术后引流量更少、新发房颤率更低、美容效果更好。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄的现状及展望

主动脉瓣二叶式畸形(BAV)由于其特殊的解剖结构对于经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)而言是一个技术难题.尽管BAV被排除在关于TAVR的随机对照研究之外,但临床实践中仍有部分患者接受了 TAVR治疗.多中心注册研究证实了TAVR应用于BAV患者的临床结局与常规三叶式主动脉瓣(TAV)患者类似.本文系统回顾关于TAVR应...     

Outcomes and survival with aortic valve replacement compared with medical therapy in patients with low-, moderate-, and severe-gradient severe aortic stenosis and normal left ventricular ejection fraction

Background: This study determined outcomes and survival with aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus medical therapy in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with severely reduced aortic valve areas (AVA) but nonsevere mean gradients. Methods: We identified 248 aortic stenosis (AS) patients with LVEF ≥ 50% and echocardiographic AVA < 1.0 cm². Group 1 had low‐gradient: <30 mmHg mean gradient; group 2 (moderate: 30 to 40 mm Hg); and group 3 (severe: >40 mm). Results: There were 94, 87, and 67 patients in groups 1, 2, and 3. Incidence of death in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 55%, 39%, and 39% (P not significant). Incidence of AVR in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 23%, 53%, and 49% (P < 0.0001 for group 1 vs. 2; P = 0.0003 for group 1 vs. group 3). Incidence of AVR or death was 71%, 77%, and 76% (P not significant). AVR (hazard ratio = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.18, 0.51; P < 0.0001) and mitral annular calcification (hazard ratio = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.40, 3.88; P = 0.001) were independently associated with time to mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves for time to death did not differ significantly among the three groups. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for patients with and without AVR showed patients in all three groups who underwent AVR had significantly greater survival. Conclusion: Among patients with normal LVEF and AVA < 1.0 cm², overall survival does not differ among those with low‐, moderate‐, or severe‐aortic valve gradients. Survival is significantly improved with AVR, regardless of gradient. (Echocardiography 2011;28:378‐387)     

Bicuspid aortic valve morphology when associated with coarctation of the aorta

Thirteen children and young adults with coarctation of the aorta as their principal cardiovascular abnormality, 11 with bicuspid aortic valves, were evaluated by orifice-view aortography to evaluate their aortic valvular morphology. For comparison 30 individuals with aortic valvular deformities but without coarctation of the aorta were similarly studied. Two distinct forms of bicuspid valves could be identified characterized by either the appearance of gross inequality of size of the two valve leaflets or an appearance wherein each leaflet closely approximated the size of the other, thus equally bicuspid. Excepting two individuals with normal, tricuspid, aortic valves, all of the patients with coarctation of the aorta had equally bicuspid aortic valves which contrasted to the group without coarctation in which the unequally bicuspid type predominated. This difference in bicuspid aortic valve morphology associated with coarctation of the aorta suggests a different developmental process involving the aortic valve as opposed to the situation in individuals without coarctation.     

Comparison of outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement between elderly (65–79 years) and super-elderly (≥80 years) patients

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an effective treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data regarding the differences in the clinical outcomes of TAVR procedures between elderly and super-elderly patients. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients aged 65 to 79 years and ≥80 years who underwent TAVR for aortic stenosis.The clinical characteristics and outcomes of 134 patients with aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR were analyzed. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: an elderly group (EG; 65–79 years) and a super-elderly group (SEG) (≥80 years). The in-hospital and follow-up clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.The EG tended to be more overweight, obese, and diabetic than the SEG, whereas the SEG had a higher surgical risk but lower creatinine clearance, hematocrit level, and effective orifice area than the EG. However, no difference was found in in-hospital clinical outcomes between the 2 groups, except for atrial fibrillation. In the propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted analyses, these results were similar. All follow-up clinical outcomes were similar, except for rehospitalization, which was statistically attenuated after propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted analyses.TAVR was associated with similar safety outcomes in the EG (65–79 years) and the SEG (≥80 years). Advanced age is not negatively associated with clinical outcomes after the TAVR procedure.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换的介入瓣膜的现状及展望

经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）经过最近几年快速发展已经取得巨大进步。迄今为止全球接受TAVR的患者数已近3万例,已成为无法耐受传统手术患者的标准备选治疗措施。从目前已临床应用的介入瓣膜到正在实验研究的新型介入瓣膜可以看出,未来介入瓣膜的发展目标是尺寸更小、长期有效、安全性高、并发症少、操作简单及定位精准。随着TAVR的推广,新型介入瓣的研发,操作者经验的积累,以及长期随访的开展,将给TAVR提供更科学的病例选择标准,减少介入手术的相关并发症,提高更安全有效的治疗效果。未来此项技术还会逐渐扩大适用人群的范围,成为代替传统的主动脉瓣置换术举足轻重的治疗措施。     

Transthoracic Echo-Doppler Appearances of Perforation of a Bicuspid Aortic Valve by Bacterial Endocarditis

The echo-Doppler diagnosis of aortic valve perforation has seldom been made before. We describe a combination of findings in a patient with severe aortic regurgitation following endocarditis of a bicuspid aortic valve, which suggests the presence of aortic cusp perforation: (A) discontinuity of cusp contour in parasternal long-axis view; (B) emergence of aortic regurgitant jet through a cusp rather than between the two cusps; (C) fine flutter of a cusp, but not on the free apposed edges; (D) severe aortic regurgitation without flail cusp motion, following bacterial endocarditis.