足内侧皮瓣血供的应用解剖学

目的：提供足内侧皮瓣血供来源、类型和临床应用资料。方法：用３０侧成人下肢和１５侧童尸下肢动脉铸型标本作观测。结果：皮瓣的轴心血管是内踝前血管、跗内侧血管及二者的前、后支与趾底内侧血管浅支和足底内侧血管浅支吻合成的血管弓。这些血管的皮支吻合丰富。内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉和前、后支外径分别为１．５ｍｍ、１．２ｍｍ、０．７ｍｍ和０．８ｍｍ。结论：以上述轴心血管为蒂的足内侧皮瓣，可修复足背、足跟、足前部及踝周围皮肤缺损。临床应用７例，效果良好。     

吻合血管拇趾趾足底神经移植的应用解剖

在４０侧成人足底标本、５侧足动脉透明标本和５侧足动脉铸型标本上，用肉眼和５倍放大镜下观察足底内侧神经分支拇趾趾足底神经及动脉供应。拇趾趾足底神经平均长１４．９ｃｍ、横径１．７。神经血供主要来源于足底内侧动脉浅支和拇趾趾胫侧趾底固有动脉。足底内侧动脉浅支外径为１．２ｍｍ。拇趾胫侧趾底固有动脉外径１．３ｃｍ。拇趾趾足底神经和供应动脉切取容易，该神经血管外径均能满足显微外科吻接要求，切取此神经血管后对足     

足内侧逆行岛状皮瓣的应用解剖

目的:为足内侧岛状皮瓣逆行转位修复足前部皮肤缺损提供解剖学基础.方法:48侧成尸足标本,经动脉灌注红色乳胶,5侧新鲜足标本血管造影.观测(足)横动脉、第1跖底动脉、足底内侧动脉深支的外径、分布及其之间的吻合,并对(足)趾底内侧动脉浅支进行分型.结果:(足)横动脉与跗趾胫侧趾底固有动脉、(足)趾腓侧趾底固有动脉、第1跖底动脉远侧段吻合形成动脉环.(足)横动脉外径(1.3±0.2)mm,伴行静脉外径(1.1±0.3)mm,多为1条,占91.6%,偶见两条,占8.4%.(足)趾胫侧趾底同有动脉外径为(1.1±0.2)mm,伴行静脉外径(1.1±0.2)mm,多为1条,占95.8%,偶见2条,占4.2%.(足)趾腓侧趾底同有动脉外径为(1.5±0_3)mm,伴行静脉外径(1.3±0.3)mm,多为1条,占93.7%,偶见2条,占6.3%.结论:足内侧逆行岛状皮瓣可设计两种术式修复足前部皮肤缺损,以(足)横动脉为血管蒂或以(足)趾底内侧动脉浅支和足底内侧动脉深支内侧支的双血管蒂,使该岛状皮瓣旋转点前移,血管蒂延长,临床应用简便.     

第2跖趾关节、肌腱及皮瓣复合移植的显微外科解剖

目的：为第２跖趾关节、肌腱及皮瓣复合组织移植修复掌指关节、肌腱及皮肤缺损提供应用解剖学基础。方法：在２０侧灌注红色乳胶的新鲜足标本上，对第２跖趾关节、肌腱及邻近皮肤的血供进行了观测；２侧标本摹拟术式设计。结果：第２跖趾关节、肌腱及皮肤由第１、２跖背及跖底动脉供给，其分支间在关节周围和深浅筋膜间形成丰富吻合。其中第１跖背动脉沿途发４～９支、外径０．１～０．３ｍｍ（混合支０．５～０．８ｍｍ）的分支，至关节面以近０．８～１．５ｃｍ与以远０．３～０．８ｃｍ之间的跖趾关节及背侧肌腱和皮肤。结论：以足背动脉→第１跖背动脉为蒂，第２跖趾关节、肌腱及皮瓣复合组织移植，其皮瓣可依据受区需要，设计四种形式。     

第2跖趾关节,肌腱及皮瓣复合植物的显微外科解剖

目的：为第２跖趾关节、肌腱及皮瓣复合组织移植修复掌指关节、肌腱及皮肤缺损提供应用解剖学基础。方法：在２０侧灌注红色乳胶的新鲜足标本上，对第２跖趾关节、肌腱及邻近皮肤的血供进行了观测；２侧标本摹拟术式设计。结果：第２跖趾关节、肌腱及皮肤由第１、２跖背及跖底动脉供给，其分支间在关节周围和深浅筋膜间形成丰富吻合。其中第１跖背动脉沿途发４￣９支、外径０．１￣０．３ｍｍ（混合支０．５￣０．８ｍｍ）的分支，至     

股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗的应用解剖

目的：为股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗提供解剖学基础。方法：在５０侧成人尸体上观察了股深动脉的类型，测量了各分支的长度和外径。结果：股深动脉主要从股动脉后方（６０％）和后外侧（２６％）发出，分为深全干型（６０％）、深外干型（２０％）、深内干型（１４％）和深孤独干型（６％）。各主要血管外径为：股深动脉５．７±１．６ｍｍ；旋股内侧动脉３．６±１．０ｍｍ，其升支２．０±０．９ｍｍ；旋股外侧动脉３．７±１．１ｍｍ，其升支２．５±０．８ｍｍ。结论：该项研究为提高股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗的成功率提供了详尽的解剖学依据。     

带血供肱骨下段内侧骨（膜）瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的：为带血供肱骨下段骨瓣移位术提供解剖学基础。方法：４０侧成人上肢标本，观测尺侧下副动脉、尺侧返动脉的起始、走行、分支分布、骨膜支和吻合。结果：尺侧下副动脉距髁间连线上３．７±１．７ｃｍ始于肱动脉，外径１．８±０．４ｍｍ，长１．８±０．７ｃｍ，骨膜支１～３支，外径０．８±０．４ｍｍ分布肱骨下段内侧半骨膜。尺侧返动脉前干外径１．１±０．２ｍｍ。尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉、尺侧返动脉在肱骨内上髁附近互相吻合。结论：利用上述血管吻合关系，设计带血供的肱骨（膜）瓣或骨皮瓣，可移位修复肱骨中上段、尺、桡骨中段骨折骨不连。临床应用已取得良好效果。     

足内侧穿支皮瓣设计的解剖基础

目的    为足内侧穿支皮瓣的临床应用提供解剖基础。  方法　对8侧乳胶灌注的成人下肢标本足内侧区进行显微解剖,观测各穿支血管的位置、数目、外径、蒂长及吻合等情况。  结果　足内侧区皮肤的血供有：足底内侧动脉、内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉和母趾胫侧动脉。足底内侧动脉浅支穿母展肌在舟骨粗隆附近浅出,外径（1.08±0.20）mm;深支从母展肌和趾短屈肌的间隙内向足底内侧平均发出5.3支穿支,平均外径（0.63±0.25）mm,蒂长（0.93±0.31）cm;内侧深支的内侧支由舟骨粗隆前（1.92±0.61）cm处从母展肌上缘浅出至足内侧。母趾胫侧动脉从第一跖趾关节近侧（2.03±0.56）cm处穿出至足内侧。足底内侧动脉浅支、内侧深支的内侧支与内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉吻合形成展肌上缘动脉弓,动脉弓的远端与母趾胫侧动脉相吻合。  结论　足内侧穿支皮瓣可设计以不同的穿支为蒂进行带蒂转移,修复前足、踝部及足跟周围软组织缺损,也可设计游离皮瓣修复手指掌侧软组织缺损。     

股骨中段骨膜瓣移植的解剖及其临床应用

在４５侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上，解剖观测了股中间肌近端血管及其骨膜支的来源，分支分布。结果表明：近端的股动脉来自旋股外侧动脉占５７．５％；来自股深动脉占２８．９％；来自股动脉占１３．１％。肌动脉干长１５．８±０．７ｍｍ，外径２．２±０．７ｍｍ。８８．９％的骨膜支来自肌动脉，经股中间肌与股内侧肌之间的间隙，达股骨中段前份。骨膜支干长３６±１１ｍｍ，外径１．５±０．４ｍｍ。以肌动脉为蒂，     

吻合血管神经第1跖趾关节移植重建肘关节的解剖学基础

目的：为吻合血管神经第1跖趾关节移植重建肘关节提供解剖学基础。法：20侧灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本解剖观察第1跖趾关节的血管神经分布及关节的构造，24只足部动脉铸型标本对关节支作对照观察。结果：第1跖趾关节的血供有背胫侧、背腓侧，跖胫侧、踊腓侧和关节后5部分关节支，腓侧关节支多和粗于胫侧，关节支外径0．3～0．5mm。关节支发自第1跖背动脉、腓侧趾背动脉、第1跖底动脉、趾底动脉和横动脉近侧支。关节的神经支与动脉相似，主要发自腓深神经、腓浅神经内侧支、第1趾足底总神经和趾底固有神经。结论：吻合血管神经的第1跖趾关节移植适用于修复重建单纯性肘关节缺损或强直，供区移植骨融合对足的外形功能影响不大。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995