中药三棱对多囊肾病囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖及上皮生长因子受体磷酸化的影响

目的探讨中药三棱对体外培养的常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病(ADPKD)囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖及上皮生长因子受体(EGF-R)磷酸化的影响.方法体外培养的囊肿衬里上皮细胞经EGF、三棱作用后,采用Brdu掺入法测定细胞增殖,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期,Western blotting检测EGF-R磷酸化.结果与对照组比较,EGF(2.5～20 ng/ml)可刺激衬里上皮细胞增殖(P＜0.01);与对照血清比较,三棱含药血清(1%～5%)能明显抑制经EGF刺激后的衬里上皮细胞增殖(P＜0.01),阻止细胞从G0-G1期进入G2-M期,其作用效果呈浓度依赖性;三棱含药血清能抑制囊肿衬里上皮细胞EGF-R的磷酸化(P＜0.05).结论 EGF在多囊肾病发病中起促进作用,三棱可能通过对EGF-R磷酸化的干预而达到抑制细胞增殖的作用,从而为延缓多囊肾病的发生与发展提供理论根据.     

羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂对多囊肾病囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖抑制及其机制的研究

目的 探讨羟甲基戊二酷辅酶 Ａ（ＨＭＧ ＣｏＡ）还原酶抑制剂对常染色体显性遗传型多囊肾病（ＡＤＰＫＤ）囊肿衬里上皮细胞的作用及其机制。方法 噻唑蓝（ＭＴＴ）法检测细胞增殖，免疫印迹法检测细胞膜ｐ２１ｒａｓ的表达．免疫细胞化学检测细胞核ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ的表达。结果ＡＤＰＫＤ囊肿衬里上皮细胞经 ＨＭＧ ＣｏＡ还原酶抑制剂处理后，细胞增殖受到显著抑制（Ｐ＜０．０１），细胞膜 ｐ２１ｒａｓ蛋白表达下调，细胞核ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ的表达显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论 ＨＭＣ ＣｏＡ还原酶抑制剂能抑制ＡＤＰＫＤ囊肿衬里上皮细胞的增殖，其机制可能与抑制细胞内ｒａｓ蛋白的异戊二烯化并阻断ｒｓ介导的信号转导有关。     

生长因子对间皮细胞增殖及合成细胞外基质的影响

目的　探讨血小板源生长因子ｂｂ（ＰＤＧＦｂｂ） 、转化生长因子β（ＴＧＦβ） 对人腹膜间皮细胞（ＨＰＭＣ）增殖及合成细胞外基质（ＥＣＭ） 的影响。方法　建立ＨＰＭＣ体外培养体系。３ＨＴｄＲ 掺入法测定细胞增殖；放射免疫法检测细胞上清中Ⅲ型前胶原（ ⅢＰＣ） 。结果　ＰＤＧＦｂｂ 促进、但ＴＧＦβ抑制ＨＰＭＣ增殖，均呈剂量依赖性（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。２ 者均能刺激ＨＰＭＣ 产生ⅢＰＣ（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１）。结论　ＣＡＰＤ相关性腹膜炎时腹腔中高浓度的ＰＤＧＦｂｂ 、ＴＧＦβ能调节间皮层的修复和重塑，刺激其合成分泌ＥＣＭ，后者可能是腹膜炎（ＰＩ）反复发生最终导致腹膜硬化的重要机制之一。     

肝细胞生长因子与多囊肾病囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖的关系

目的研究重组人肝细胞生长因子(rhHGF)对常染色体显性多囊肾病(ADPKD)囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖的影响及其信号转导途径。方法3H-TdR掺入法研究rhHGF对细胞增殖的影响。Western印迹检测囊肿衬里上皮细胞c-MET酪氨酸激酶磷酸化。结果rhHGF显著促进ADPKD囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖,以1ng/mlrhHGF作用48h组最强(P<0.01)。抗HGF抗体、genistein显著抑制rhHGF刺激的囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖(P<0.01),抗TGF-β1抗体不影响rhHGF刺激的囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖(P>0.05)。rhHGF作用的囊肿衬里上皮细胞c-MET酪氨酸激酶磷酸化呈时间相关性。抗HGF抗体不诱导c-MET酪氨酸激酶磷酸化。结论rhHGF显著刺激囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖,HGF和c-MET结合激活c-MET酪氨酸激酶磷酸化以及细胞内pp60c-src可能参与了rhHGF促囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖的信号转导过程。     

重组人生长激素促进烧伤病人创面愈合机制初探

目的观察严重烧伤病人接受重组人生长激素（ｒｈＧＨ）治疗后血清生长激素（ＧＨ）、胰岛素样生长因子－１（ＩＧＦ－１）、创面ＤＮＡ合成。细胞增殖活性及表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）表达的变化，探讨生长激素促进烧伤创面愈合的机制。方法３３例严重烧伤病人随机分成ｒｈＧＨ组（１８例）和对照组（１５例）。ｒｈＧＨ组每晚１０点接受ｒｈＧＨ皮下注射（０．１ｍｇ· ｋｇ~(－１)），疗程 １４ｄ。ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清 ＧＨ和 ＩＧＦ－１浓度；流式细胞计检测细胞 ＤＮＡ增殖指数（ＰＩ）和合成期细胞百分数（ＳＰＦ）；免疫组化学检测增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）。ＥＧＦＲ、细胞角蛋白（ＣＫ）的表达。结果ｒｈＧＨ组血清ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－１浓度较高，创面ＰＩ、ＳＰＦ明显高于用药前和对照组。免疫组化显示ＰＣＮＡ、ＥＧＦＲ、ＣＫ的表达明显增加。结论ｒｈＧＨ可以提高严重烧伤病人血清ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－１水平，促进烧伤创面细胞ＤＮＡ合成和上皮细胞增殖，增加 ＥＧＦＲ表达，加速创面上皮化，促进烧伤创面愈合。     

表皮生长因子和维生素A对高浓度葡萄糖抑制腹膜间皮细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的　研究表皮生长因子（ Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ） 和维生素 Ａ（ Ｖｉｔ Ａ） 对高浓度葡萄糖抑制腹膜间皮细胞增殖和分化的影响，以探讨 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ和 Ｖｉｔ Ａ 在腹膜修复中的作用。方法　采用胰蛋白酶消化法，从人腹膜组织中分离间皮细胞，并建立体外人腹膜间皮细胞（ Ｈ Ｐ Ｍ Ｃ） 培养模型；以３ Ｈ胸腺嘧啶核苷（３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ） 掺入法测定细胞内 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 含量示细胞增殖程度；以免疫组织化学染色法，用图像分析仪测细胞表面角蛋白和波形蛋白（ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ） 表达量示细胞分化程度。结果　随着葡萄糖浓度增高和培养时间的延长， Ｈ Ｐ Ｍ Ｃ３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ 掺入降低； Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ 和 Ｖｉｔ Ａ 可增加 Ｈ Ｐ Ｍ Ｃ 对３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ 的掺入，但两者ｃｐｍ 值比较无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ００５） ；在含高浓度葡萄糖的培养液中分别加入 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ或 Ｖｉｔ Ａ 后， Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ 可明显促进 Ｈ Ｐ Ｍ Ｃ 的增殖，其３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ 掺入量明显增加，与 Ｖｉｔ Ａ 组比较有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ００５） 。 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ 和 Ｖｉｔ Ａ 不影响细胞表面角蛋白和波形蛋白的表达。结论　 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ和 Ｖｉｔ Ａ 对腹膜间皮细胞的分化未显示出明显作用，但两者均可刺激细胞的增殖，特别是 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ可改善     

表皮生长因子对子宫内膜细胞体外增殖的影响

本研究观察了表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）在体外对子宫内膜上皮细胞及基质细胞增殖的影响。采用酶消化加物理方法分离人子宫内膜上皮细胞及基质细胞,分别在体外培养,细胞汇合后消化,一部分用盖片法培养,用特异性抗体鉴定细胞纯度,另一部分做细胞增殖实验。在细胞中加入不同浓度的ＥＧＦ,培养２４、４８、７２小时,用ＭＴＴ法及流式细胞仪测定ＥＧＦ对子宫内膜上皮细胞及基质细胞增殖的作用。结果：ＥＧＦ浓度为５．０及１０．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时,明显刺激子宫内膜上皮细胞及基质细胞的增殖,ＭＴＴ与流式细胞仪两法一致。ＥＧＦ不刺激细胞凋亡。结论：采用酶消化结合物理方法分离的人子宫内膜基质细胞及上皮细胞,方法简便、快速,细胞纯度高,在体外生长良好,可用于体外研究着床及异位子宫内膜生长的机制。当ＥＧＦ浓度为５．０及１０．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时,确实刺激子宫内膜细胞的增殖。     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对人囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖及信号转导通路的影响

目的 研究表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂CL-387,785对人常染色体显性多囊肾病(ADPKD)囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖和信号转导通路的作用。方法 体外条件下用CL-387,785处理囊肿衬里上皮细胞;四氮唑盐法(MTT)测定囊肿细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡;Western印迹检测EGFR磷酸化程度;细胞免疫化学方法检测核因子表达水平。结果 纳摩尔水平的CL-387,785能有效抑制细胞增殖(P<0.001),且没有明显毒性。细胞周期停滞于G_0/G_1期,未出现明显细胞凋亡。EGFR的磷酸化水平下降,核因子c-jun、c-fos表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂CL-387,785通过非细胞毒性作用明显抑制人多囊肾病囊肿衬里上皮细胞的增殖,其机制可能是阻断了EGFR介导的信号转导通路。     

糖皮质激素对肿瘤坏死因子引起的大鼠中性粒细胞粘附的影响

采用中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）与玻璃珠粘附和ＰＭＮ与血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）粘附两种模型，以肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ），作为ＰＭＮ的刺激因子，研究糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）对ＴＮＦ引起的大鼠ＰＭＮ粘附的影响，同时给予糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）阻断剂ＲＵ３８４８６观察ＧＲ在粘附中的作用。结果发现，ＴＮＦ能明显增强大鼠ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｄｅｘ不能抑制经ＴＮＦ预处理的ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＞０．０５），但有一定的预防作用；经ＴＮＦ预处理再同时给予Ｄｅｘ和ＲＵ３８４８６的ＰＭＮ粘附同样明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

小儿肾脏疾病血,尿内皮素的变化

目的研究小儿肾脏疾病血、尿内皮素（ＰＥＴ、ＵＥＴ）的水平及其相互关系。方法采用同位素放免方法检测了肾病综合征（ＮＳ），肾小球肾炎（ＧＮ），肾功能衰竭（ＲＦ）共７２例患儿血及尿中ＥＴ，血心钠素（ＡＮＰ）水平。结果ＮＳ，ＧＮ，ＲＦ三组的ＰＥＴ及ＵＥＴ值明显高于对照组，尤其ＲＦ组（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＮＰ值在ＧＮ组和ＲＦ组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。８例ＡＲＦ患儿恢复期血ＥＴ水平下降，６例ＣＲＦ患儿虽经治疗，但血ＥＴ水平不降或上升。结论ＥＴ在小儿肾脏疾病发病机理及病情进展中可能起重要作用，其值高低与病情严重程度及预后有关。     

Role of keratinocyte growth factor in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the expression and distribution of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7) or HBGF-7 (heparin-binding growth factor-7), may be implicated in kidney cyst formation and expansion. However, there are no data on KGF expression in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) tissue, and it is unknown whether it affects ADPKD cyst-lining epithelial cell epithelial cell proliferation. METHODS: The expression and distribution of KGF and KGF receptor (KGFR) mRNA in ADPKD cystic and normal kidney tissues were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization. KGF and KGFR protein expression in the above tissues was analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The effect of KGF on cyst-lining epithelial cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and its effect on the cyst-lining epithelial cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. The effect of KGF on cyclin D1 and P21(wafl) gene expression in cyst-lining epithelial cells was also determined. RESULTS: KGF and KGFR mRNA expression in ADPKD cysts was higher than in normal kidney tissues. KGF and KGFR protein expression was also higher in ADPKD cysts and was localized to cyst-lining epithelial cells, tubular and interstitial cells. In vitro experiments revealed that KGF promoted cyst-lining epithelial cell proliferation, and decreased the ratio of G0/G1 phase but increased that of S phase. In response to KGF, the expression of the cyclin D1 gene in cyst-lining epithelial cells increased markedly while P21(wafl) expression decreased. CONCLUSIONS: KGF and KGFR expression was upregulated in ADPKD kidney tissues. KGF stimulated the proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cell in vitro by regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and P21(wafl) genes. KGF may play a role in pathogenesis of ADPKD.     

罗格列酮对多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

目的 探讨罗格列酮对多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路的作用。 方法 分别用罗格列酮（RGZ,10 μmol/L）、过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ（PPARγ）抑制剂GW9662（10 μmol/L）、RGZ（10 μmol/L）+GW9662（10 μmol/L）、p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580（10 μmol/L）、SB203580（10 μmol/L）+RGZ（10 μmol/L）处理体外培养的多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞（PKD细胞）2 h后,再用表皮生长因子（EGF）刺激不同时间,另设置空白对照组和单独EGF刺激组。采用Western印迹方法检测p38MAPK、磷酸化p38MAPK（p-p38）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达;RT-PCR检测p38 mRNA表达;免疫细胞化学检测c-fos和c-jun的表达。 结果 (1) 与空白对照组相比,EGF显著上调p-p38、PCNA、 c-fos和c-jun的表达（P ＜ 0.01）。(2) 与EGF单独刺激相比,RGZ显著降低p38活化和基因表达（均P ＜ 0.01）。RGZ组、SB203580+RGZ组p-p38、PCNA、c-fos、c-jun表达明显下调（P ＜ 0.01）,两组间差异无统计学意义。(3) 与RGZ组相比,RGZ+GW9662组部分阻断RGZ的下调作用（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 罗格列酮抑制多囊肾囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖的作用机制可能与其降低p38MAPK活性,继而抑制PCNA、c-fos及c-jun表达有关。这种抑制作用是部分非PPARγ依赖的。     

Cyclic AMP activates B-Raf and ERK in cyst epithelial cells from autosomal-dominant polycystic kidneys

BACKGROUND: The proliferation of mural epithelial cells is a major cause of progressive cyst enlargement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates the proliferation of cells from ADPKD cysts, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex (HKC), through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK/MAPK). In the current study, we examined the signaling pathway between PKA and MEK in ADPKD and HKC cells. METHODS: Primary cultures of human ADPKD and HKC cells were prepared from nephrectomy specimens. We determined the effects of cAMP and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the activation of ERK, B-Raf and Raf-1 in ADPKD and HKC cells by immune kinase assay and Western blot. RESULTS: 8-Br-cAMP increased phosphorylated ERK (2.7- +/- 0.6-fold, N = 7), and B-Raf kinase activity (3.6- +/- 1.1-fold, N = 5) in cells from ADPKD kidneys; levels of phosphorylated Raf-1 were not changed. Inhibition of PKA by H89 strikingly decreased cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and B-Raf, and MAPK inhibition by PD98059 blocked the effect of the nucleotide to activate ERK. By contrast, in HKC cells 8-Br-cAMP did not activate B-Raf and ERK. EGF stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK and Raf-1 in both ADPKD and HKC cells, but had no effect on B-Raf. 8-Br-cAMP and EGF conjointly increased ERK activation above that of either agonist alone in ADPKD cells, and this combined effect was abolished by PD98059, indicating that ERK was activated by EGF- and cAMP-responsive cascades that converge at MAPK. CONCLUSION: cAMP activates ERK and increases proliferation of ADPKD epithelial cells, but not cells from normal human kidney cortex, through the sequential phosphorylation of PKA, B-Raf and MAPK in a pathway separate from, but complementary to, the classical receptor tyrosine kinase cascade. Consequently, cAMP and EGF have great potential to accelerate the progressive enlargement of renal cysts.     

Expression of differentiation antigens and growth-related genes in normal kidney, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma.

Cellular differentiation and mRNA levels of genes involved in kidney growth were investigated in normal kidney cells, cyst-lining epithelial cells of polycystic kidney disease, and renal carcinoma cells (RCC). All cells comparatively studied exhibited an antigenic phenotype of proximal tubular cells as shown by the expression of a panel of brush border membrane enzymes and kidney-associated cell surface antigens. The epithelial developmental antigen Exo-1 was expressed in 50% to 80% of cyst-lining epithelia in polycystic kidney tissue and in 20% to 30% of polycystic kidney cells cultured in vitro. Normal kidney cells and RCC were negative under identical culture conditions. The expression of antigen Exo-1 is associated with hyperproliferation in an epithelial tissue compartment composed of cells which have not yet reached their terminal differentiation state. Increased amounts of mRNA of the growth factor receptor system of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its ligand transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were associated with the malignant phenotype of RCC. Increased expression of EGF receptor and TGF-alpha, although less prominent, were also observed in polycystic kidney cells compared with normal kidney cells. In conclusion, the expression of Exo-1 in cyst-lining epithelial cells of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and the altered regulation of TGF-alpha and EGF receptor in these cells contribute to the hypothesis that hyperproliferation is an underlying pathogenic mechanism of ADPKD.     

黄芪对人肾小管上皮细胞细胞外基质分泌的影响及其机制探讨

目的：探讨黄芪对人肾小管上皮细胞细胞外基质分泌的影响及甚可能机制。方法：将体外培养的人肾小管上皮（HK-2）细胞株转板至细胞融合并同步后,分为空白对照组、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β1）刺激组（5ng／ml）、TGF-β1加黄芪100μg／ml组、TGF-β1加黄芪1mg／ml组。作用24h后半定量逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测纤维连接蛋白（FN）及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）mRNA;酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测上清液中FN的含量;westernblot检测PAI-1的表达。结果：（1）HK-2细胞表达少量FN和PAI-1;（2）HK-2细胞在5ng／ml TGF-β1．刺激下分泌FN、PAI—1mRNA及FN、PAI-1蛋白表达明显增加,与空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;（3）HK-2细胞在TGF-β1和不同浓度的黄芪作用后,可使FN、PAI-1mRNA及蛋白表达减少,与TGF-β1组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,尤以黄芪1mg／mi组为甚。结论：TGF—β1可促进HK-2细胞分泌FN和PAI—1,黄芪可部分拮抗TGF-β1的上述效应。这可能是黄芪预防或改善肾小管间质病变的作用机制之一。     

白细胞介素-13对肾小球系膜细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

目的：探讨白细胞介素—13(IL—13)对肾小球系膜细胞(MC)增殖及其细胞周期的影响。方法：用甲基偶氮唑法(MTT)测定MC增殖，流式细胞术分析细胞周期。结果：IL—13在1ng／ml、5ng／ml、10ng／ml、100ng／ml浓度范围呈剂量依赖性抑制5％FCS培养的和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的MC增殖，抑制率分别为19．8％和29．23％、24．35％和37．05％、30．03％和46．6％、46．93％和55．23％。IL—13作用MC48h，使MC较多滞留于G1期，而S期细胞减少。结论：IL—13通过参与细胞周期的调控而抑制MC增殖。     

Aberrant epithelial cell growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Renal cyst enlargement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by increased epithelial cell proliferation and fluid accumulation. Using monolayer epithelial cultures derived from individually microdissected human ADPKD cysts and immunolocalization studies in vivo, the roles of matrix and growth factors in aberrant ADPKD cell proliferation have been studied. Abnormal ADPKD basement membrane ultrastructure was associated with increased turnover of 35S-labeled heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) by comparison to normal renal tubule epithelia in vitro. Mitogenic assays demonstrated significant increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation into ADPKD epithelia grown on type I and type IV collagen by comparison to normal proximal straight tubules (PST), collecting ducts, and thick ascending limbs of Henle (TAL). Proliferation on laminin or fibronectin matrices was unchanged and immunolocalization of matrix proteins was polarized and restricted to basal membranes of both ADPKD cysts and renal tubule epithelia in vivo. ADPKD epithelia in vitro were hypersensitive to the mitogenic action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF immunoreactivity was detected in ADPKD cyst lining epithelia, in cyst fluid, and in conditioned media from confluent ADPKD cultures, suggesting an autocrine mechanism of growth regulation. In addition, inhibition of epithelial proliferation by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which was 100% in normal renal tubule epithelia, was reduced to 41% in ADPKD epithelia.