颅内动脉瘤破裂早期的血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂早期血管内栓塞治疗的效果。方法２０例破裂的颅内动脉瘤采取早期血管内治疗技术，用自制的多形钨丝弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤囊。动脉瘤的位置：前交通动脉（ＡＣｏＡ）７例，后交通动脉（ＰＣｏＡ）６例，中动脉（ＭＣＡ）２例，眼动脉１例，后循环４例。病人分级：ＨｕｎｔＨｅｓＩＩ级３例，ＩＩ级及ＩＶ级各７例，Ｖ级３例。１６例于３天内治疗，其余４例于６天内治疗。结果１８例闭塞９０％以上，其中８例动脉瘤完全闭塞（４０％），２例死亡。术后观察３个月～２年，１５例效果良好，３例残留轻～中度瘫痪，术后随访无一例发生蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）。结论血管内栓塞是治疗颅内动脉瘤急性期破裂的较好方法。     

电解可脱性铂弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的:探讨电解可脱性铂弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤应用效果。方法:在局麻或神经安定镇痛麻和肝素抗凝下,使用Seldingers技术,经Tracker微导管放置GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤。结果:成功栓塞18例患者的20个颅内动脉瘤,其中18个为100％栓塞,1个为95％,另1个为90％ 95％栓塞者为宽颈动脉瘤。而90％栓塞者为 Hunt分级Ⅳ级,存在严重脑血管痉挛,经解痉治疗效果不好,而放弃继续栓塞。无并发症及死亡。结论:GDC是栓塞颅内动脉瘤较理想材料,具有安全可靠,效果确切,适合颅内动脉瘤的治疗,尤其适合栓塞危险性较大的动脉瘤。     

Visualisation of intracranial aneurysms by transcranial duplex sonography

We examined 72 patients with 89 angiographically confirmed intracranial aneurysms, using transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) to determine the location and size of the aneurysm. The patients were admitted for coil embolisation of their aneurysm following subarachnoid haemorrhage or because of a cranial nerve palsy. Using a 2/2.25 MHz transducer, 42 aneurysms (47%) were seen satisfactorily through the temporal bone window or foramen magnum. In 24 cases (27%) image quality was insufficient as a result of a poor bone window, of the aneurysm having a diameter of less than 6 mm or of its being in an unfavourable location. In 23 other cases (26%) it was not possible to detect the aneurysm. Thrombosed structures could be demonstrated using TCCD in 8 of 12 giant intracavernous or basilar artery aneurysms, and in 15 of 19 aneurysms treated by platinum coil embolisation. TCCD offers a noninvasive method for monitoring progressive intra-aneurysmal thrombosis following coil embolisation and for follow-up of patients with untreatable fusiform aeurysms, should this be required. Detection of small aneurysms is limited by spatial resolution and insonation angles.     

破裂出血动脉瘤的早期栓塞治疗与脑血管痉挛

目的　分析血管内栓塞治疗急性破裂出血动脉瘤脑血管痉挛的发生及治疗。方法　Hunt HessⅠ～Ⅲ级并在发病后 72h内进行介入治疗的动脉瘤患者 32 9例 ,症状性血管痉挛的诊断根据迟发性神经功能损害 ,并有TCD和 (或 )脑血管造影的证据。结果　共发生症状性血管痉挛 6 2例 (18.2 % ) ,血管痉挛的发生率和Hunt Hess分级及Fisher分级有显著的相关关系 ,6 2例发生症状性脑血管痉挛患者中恢复良好 4 1例 ,中度致残 13例 ,重度致残 6例 ,死亡 2例。结论　GDC栓塞治疗动脉瘤后症状性血管痉挛的发生率并不高于常规手术治疗 ;放置腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流可能对降低症状性脑血管痉挛的发生有积极意义。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤相关问题的探讨

目的　总结使用电解可脱性弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞颅内动脉瘤时旋转DSA的应用及GDC操作要点。方法　对 38例共 4 0个颅内动脉瘤常规行旋转DSA检查 ,动脉瘤直径 4～ 2 5mm ,平均(12 5 1± 5 37)mm。瘤体直径 <12mm的小动脉瘤 2 9个 ,12～ 2 5mm的大动脉瘤 11个。术前Hunt Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅳ级分别是 2 6例、8例、3例、1例。随后使用GDC栓塞治疗。结果　 37例 39个颅内动脉瘤栓塞成功 ,1例死亡。完全栓塞 (>95 % ) 2 2个 ,大部分栓塞 (80 %～ 95 % ) 12个 ,部分栓塞(<79% ) 5个。并发动脉瘤破裂 2例 ,治疗后痊愈。并发脑动脉痉挛 6例 ,治疗后 2例遗留轻偏瘫和单瘫。 2例弹簧圈部分遗留于动脉瘤外 ,经抗凝治疗未发生并发症。 2例复发再次栓塞后痊愈。结论GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是 1种安全、可靠、有效的治疗方法。合理应用旋转DSA技术、熟练的GDC操作可提高诊断的准确性及治疗的安全性     

联合血管内外神经介入技术治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的　评估联合血管内外神经介入技术治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤 (aneurysm ,AN)的疗效。方法　对 4 0例急性破裂期AN采用电解脱弹簧圈栓塞 ,随后穿刺腰蛛网膜下腔 ,导丝导向的微导管在透视下插管至枕大池 ,2h后注入 10万U尿激酶 (UK)溶解血块并经微导管持续引流血性脑脊液。根据CT复查结果决定是否继续注射UK。结果　AN栓塞及枕大池插管均获成功 ,无技术相关并发症 ,术后 3～ 7d时的CT见所有患者脑池内的出血消失。除 1例有一过性症状性脑血管痉挛 (CVS)外 ,其余患者无症状性CVS、所有患者无AN再出血。结论　联合血管内外神经介入技术既闭塞了AN ,又清除了蛛网膜下腔积血 ,可防止再出血和继发性CVS的发生 ,达到了对因、对症治疗的双重目的。     

Solitaire AB支架辅助栓塞颅内动脉瘤临床随访研究

目的观察Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤初中期效果。方法回顾性分析2009年至2012年期间采用Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的49例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者49个动脉瘤,其中41例患者41个动脉瘤（26个破裂出血,15个未破裂）术后随访12～48个月,根据改良Rankin评分、DSA、CTA或MRA检查评价颅内动脉瘤影像学及临床结果。结果栓塞术后有2例动脉瘤再次破裂出血,3例脑梗死,1例载瘤动脉闭塞,死亡1例,并发症发生率为14.2%。栓塞术后12个月DSA、MRA或CTA检查显示,32个动脉瘤（32/41,78.0%）完全栓塞,明显高于术后即刻（21个,42.9%）（P＝0.02）;瘤颈残留7个（17.1%）,部分栓塞2个（4.9%）,均较术后即刻有改善。24个动脉瘤（58.5%）稳定而无变化,复发4个（9.7%）。末次随访时改良Rankin评分显示0分18例（43.9%）,1分10例（24.4%）,2分5例（12.2%）,3分4例（9.8%）,4分2例（4.85%）,5分2例（4.85%）。患者日常活动能力自理率为80.5%,预后良好。结论 Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效,有助于提高完全栓塞率,降低操作相关并发症。     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的：探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、治疗护理要点、安全性及并发症的防治。方法：对明确诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的20例患者行血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈介入治疗。动脉瘤位置：前交通动脉瘤8例。后交通动脉瘤4例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤3例．大脑中动脉瘤2例．基底动脉瘤2例．颈内动脉海绵窦段合并前交通动脉瘤1例。结果：20例患者均成功释放支架,患者全部治愈出院。其中17例致密栓塞。3例大部填塞。血管造影检查：动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉及邻近主要血管分支通畅．均无再出血或血栓栓塞等相关并发症。结论：血管内支架结合弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效的方法．短期治疗效果肯定,正确的围手术期处理,可以提高手术的成功率,减少并发症。     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果

目的 总结血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果,了解支架技术在脑动脉瘤治疗中的作用。方法 62例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者接受血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗,并在术后行脑血管造影及临床随访。结果 所有患者均成功植入支架,47例动脉瘤达到致密填塞,15例大部填塞,载瘤动脉通畅。1～6个月造影随访56例动脉瘤内无造影剂显影,4例仍有瘤颈残留,1例复发而再次治疗;12～37个月随访43例中,2例瘤颈残余,1例动脉瘤复发,其余完全闭塞,弹簧圈形态无改变。结论 血管内支架植入后明显改变瘤内血流动力学并促进血栓形成,通过促进瘤颈内膜形成达到影像学治愈。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗后再出血危险因素研究进展

再出血是颅内破裂动脉瘤最危险的并发症,虽然发生率非常低,但是预后极差,病死率高,需引起高度重视。本文分析了近年与之相关的国内外文献,综合分析了颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗后再出血的相关危险因素和机制,以及降低再出血率的措施。     

Magnetic resonance signal intensity and volume changes after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms causing mass effect

To determine when and how intracranial aneurysms causing mass effect change following endovascular treatment, we used MRI to assess patients for 2–3 years after the interventional procedure. Nine patients who had aneurysms compressing the surrounding structures underwent endovascular treatment. Proximal occlusion of the parent artery was performed in seven cases, and in two the aneurysm was embolised with microcoils. After embolisation, signal intensity within aneurysms tended to be high on both T1- and T2-weighted images. When there was rapid reduction in size high-signal zones within aneurysms became isointense or gave low signal on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, isointense or low-signal foci appeared within high-signal areas in the aneurysm, giving mixed intensity. In typical cases, the mean volume of the aneurysm fell to approximately 30 % of its initial value 2–12 months after treatment. After this, no additional reduction was observed. The aneurysms which showed little signal intensity change tended to shrink more slowly and to a lesser degree than the more typical cases. Aneurysms which gave high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images early following embolisation shrank more quickly than those showing little signal change. Received: 24 February 1997 Accepted: 19 June 1997     

颅内破裂动脉瘤栓塞术后早期破裂再出血危险因素分析

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤栓塞术后早期破裂再出血的临床特点及危险因素,以减少动脉瘤栓塞术后早期再出血的发生率,为临床治疗方法的选择提供依据。方法回顾性分析我科2002年7月至2007年10月经全脑血管造影确诊的颅内破裂动脉瘤并行血管内介入栓塞治疗的病例,分析栓塞术后早期再出血病例(病例组)的临床及影像学特征,从同期治疗的未再出血的患者中随机抽取123例病例作为对照组,对两者的可疑危险因素进行单变量与多变量的统计学分析。结果881例行介入栓塞治疗的颅内破裂动脉瘤中有17例(1.93%)发生早期破裂再出血,其中12例(占70.6%)死亡。颅内破裂动脉瘤栓塞术后早期破裂再出血的独立危险因素为动脉瘤的真假性、术前动脉瘤的破裂次数、术中造影有明显的脑血管痉挛及动脉瘤的栓塞程度4项。并得到预测栓塞术后早期再出血概率的方程。结论本研究显示栓塞术后早期破裂再出血的发生率低,但预后差,病死率高。术前针对危险因素进行预防、术中尽可能致密栓塞动脉瘤、术后早期及时复查脑血管造影有利于减少颅内破裂动脉瘤栓塞术后早期再出血率,积极再治疗可以改善早期再出血患者的预后。     

Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a review

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common disease among the elderly population and may be present in up to 5.9% of the population aged 80 years. Abdominal aortic aneurysm more than 5 cm in diameter are more prone to rupture, with a significant mortality rate. Conventional surgical treatment is quite effective in the lower surgical risk population; however, in the population with a higher risk level the mortality and morbidity significantly increase. The development of less invasive techniques to treat AAA derived from the necessity to reduce the morbidity and mortality. The development of the endovascular endoprostheses was a significant landmark in the management of those patients with AAA, particularly the ones with increased risk. Although the stent-graft technology is still in its infancy, a large amount of information is available and an attempt to summarize this experience is presented herein. An extensive review of the stent-graft technology is presented, including variations in design and classification of the several systems available. Technical aspects of the use of endovascular prostheses are presented, as well as the most recent outcome information available. The problems of endoleaks is discussed and the techniques for treatment and outcomes presented. Finally, a summary of specific information on most of the devices available is presented.     

液态栓塞剂在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的　报道采用液态栓塞材料 (Onyx)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验。方法　 1例颈内动脉 后交通动脉瘤采用单纯的Onyx栓塞技术 ;另 1例基底动脉多发动脉瘤则应用液态栓塞材料结合血管内支架及弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结果　 2例患者动脉瘤均得到致密栓塞 ,载瘤动脉通畅 ,无手术相关并发症。临床随访 3个月 ,患者均恢复良好。 1例血管造影检查提示动脉瘤栓塞稳定 ,造影剂与栓塞材料分离。结论　短期疗效显示液态栓塞剂治疗颅内动脉瘤是安全有效的 ,但需要进一步积累经验。     

微导丝辅助技术在颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨微导丝辅助的瘤颈成形技术在弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤中的价值、技术操作要点及临床应用前景。方法 本组包括25例小型宽颈动脉瘤(前交通动脉12例，大脑中动脉分叉部12例，小脑后下动脉瘤1例)。微导管成功超选动脉瘤囊内，将撤出的微导丝再塑形后跨瘤颈部位放置。通过微导管内用电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤。结果 25例均获得成功，动脉瘤致密栓塞，载瘤动脉保持通畅，效果满意。短期影像随访16例，动脉瘤无复发。结论 微导丝瘤颈成形术作为小型宽颈动脉瘤治疗技术是安全、经济有效的。     

Transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography of intracranial aneurysms before and after endovascular occlusion with Guglielmi detachable coils.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEOur purpose was to evaluate the ability of transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography (TCCD) to 1) identify Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) within intracranial aneurysms, 2) show endovascular aneurysmal occlusion and patency of parent and branch arteries, 3) determine the flow velocities within parent arteries and major branches before and after treatment, and 4) assess persistence of aneurysmal occlusion.METHODSThe sonographic appearance of GDCs was established experimentally by TCCD (2 to 2.5 MHz), which was then performed in 40 patients with 43 aneurysms occluded by GDCs. The patency of parent arteries and major branches was assessed qualitatively and compared with the immediate posttherapeutic angiographic appearance in every patient. Flow velocities were selectively measured and compared before and after treatment in 21 parent arteries and 24 major branches. Follow-up TCCD studies performed in 26 patients were compared with angiographic (16 cases) and MR angiographic (10 cases) findings for signs of recanalization of the treated aneurysms.RESULTSThe GDCs were identified experimentally and in the patients as hyperechoic structures of the size and shape, and in the location of, the treated aneurysm in 41 of 43 cases. TCCD in accordance with angiography showed a lack of flow in 42 aneurysms and the presence of flow signal in one large aneurysm. Patency of the parent artery was shown in 40 aneurysms and in all branches. Follow-up TCCD showed the coils unchanged in 23 of 26 cases. In three large aneurysms, TCCD indicated recanalization and reappearance of a flow signal separate from the parent artery.CONCLUSIONTCCD is a reliable, noninvasive means to assess parent artery and major branch patency and to reveal a lack of hemodynamic compromise in the vicinity of aneurysms after endovascular therapy. On follow-up examinations, TCCD was able to detect signs of aneurysmal recanalization.     

33例颅内动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的：总结用钨丝弹簧圈栓塞３３例颅内动脉瘤的体会。材料与方法：３３例中，前交通与后交通动脉瘤各１２例，大脑中动脉瘤４例，颈内动脉眼动脉段３例，小脑上动脉１例，基底动脉分叉部２例。用钨丝弹簧圈行血管内栓塞治疗。结果：动脉瘤完全闭塞２９例，大部分闭塞４例。１５例３个月后复查造影中１３例完全闭塞无变化。结论：用钨丝弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤疗效肯定。５～２５ｍｍ动脉瘤栓塞成功率高，动脉瘤出血急性期栓塞最佳时间是出血后３天内。了解动脉瘤在影像学中的各种表现对栓塞治疗有利。     

Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效

目的评价Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效。方法2007年至2011年应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞118例脑动脉瘤,其中86例为破裂出血性动脉瘤,32例为未破裂动脉瘤,76例在出血72 h内实施了治疗。术后对患者进行脑血管造影和临床随访。结果支架准确释放115例(97.5%),因为血管扭曲和痉挛失败植入支架1例,支架移位2例。实施单纯支架植入2例,采用微导管经支架网眼技术66例,支架后释放技术49例。术后即刻造影示动脉瘤完全栓塞87例(74.4%),次全栓塞30例(25.6%)。术中无动脉瘤破裂出血事件发生,术后症状性脑梗死3例,无症状性脑梗死5例。术后随访6～60个月,平均26.8个月,共随访到105例,复查1～5次脑血管造影,完全栓塞99例(84.6%),次全栓塞病例中11例(36.7%)存在血栓形成;9例(7.7%)瘤体复发,其中5例进行了再次治疗达到完全栓塞,术后所有患者均无再出血,除3例外,所有患者支架内无明显狭窄。结论 Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效,仍需更长期的随访和多中心研究。     

电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤术中颅内压、脑氧和脑糖代谢的变化

目的　对比观察血管内栓塞和开颅夹闭治疗颅内动脉瘤对病人术中颅内压、脑氧和脑糖代谢的影响。方法　选择Hunt分级为Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的脑动脉瘤择期手术 4 4例 ,按治疗方法分为电解可脱弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞 (Ⅰ组 )和开颅脑动脉瘤夹闭 (Ⅱ组 ) ,各 2 2例。分别观察麻醉后手术前 (T0 )、脑动脉瘤夹闭前 (GDC栓塞前 ,T1)和夹闭后 10min(GDC栓塞后 ,T2 )等时相脑脊液压 (CSFP)、动脉瘤跨壁压 (TMP)和脑氧、脑糖代谢等指标及术毕麻醉恢复情况。结果　Ⅰ组 :与T0 比较 ,T1和T2 的颈内静脉球部血氧饱和度 (SjvO2 )明显增加 ,脑氧摄取率 (ERO2 )减少 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,脑动静脉血糖差 [D(a jv)BG]、乳酸浓度差 [D(a jv)BL]和血氧差 [D(a jv)O2 ]等指标无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅱ组 :与T0 比较 ,T1和T2 的D(a jv)BL和D(a jv)BG增加 ,D(a jv)O2 减少 ,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,SjvO2 和ERO2 差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅰ组 :与T0 比较 ,T1和T2 的CSFP和TMP无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅱ组 :与T0 比较 ,T1和T2 的CSFP降低 ,TMP增加 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。与Ⅰ组比较 ,Ⅱ组T1和T2 相应时相的CSFP降低 ,TMP增加 ,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。与Ⅱ组比较 ,Ⅰ组术毕自主呼吸恢复时     

多层螺旋CT在腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后的随访价值

目的 分析腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗术后的转归及多层螺旋CT(MSCT)随访价值.方法 回顾性总结2000年3月至2006年12月问193例腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后行MSCT检查的结果,并与术前资料对照.结果 193例中发现支架变形、断裂4例,支架闭塞1例、内漏24例、移植物感染2例;瘤体缩小81例,瘤体增大21例,瘤体无变化91例.结论 MSCT是腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术术后随访的首选方法 .