河南省环境天然电离辐射源所致公众剂量

本文作者根据我省环境贯穿辐射, 空气中氡浓度.食品和饮水中天然放射性核素台量的测定结果, 对全省公众所受天然电离辐射剂量进行了估算.结果表明。字宙线为303μSv·a^-1, 地球Y辐射577μSv·a^-1, 氧氲子体1057μSv·a^-1。天然放射性核素355μSv·a^-1, 总计全省人均有效剂量当量为229μSv·a^-1, 集体年有效剂量当量为1.7×10⁵man·Sv。     

湖北省食品和水中天然放射性核素水平及居民内剂量评价的研究

湖北省10个采样点的14种食品和自来水及长江等水源水共171份样品天然放射性核素分析表明:食品中U、Th、²²⁶Ra含量水平为0.02～8.4×10^-2Bq·L^-1,³H为240～462Bq·L^-1。用食谱法估算湖北省居民上述核素的年摄入量。     

陕西省土壤中238U、226Ra、232Th、40K和137Cs水平及其所致居民辐射剂量

应用SCORPIO-3000多道计算机系统与Ge(Li)探测器测定了陕西省上壤中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K及¹³⁷Cs的含量,其结果分别为33±8、35±6、52±10、630±80与4.1±3.9Bq·kg^-1.研究这些核素在陕西土壤中含量的分布状态时发现,在某些情况下可呈正态分布,但在多效情况下则为偏态分布.春秋两季间土壤中天然放射性核素含量,均无显著性差异;¹³⁷Cs的春、秋含量,亦无显著性差异.根据测定的土壤中天然放射性核素的含量,估算这些核素对陕西居民所致的年有效剂量当量为5.4X10^-4Sv.     

新疆土壤中天然放射性水平及所致居民剂量

本文报道了新疆土壤中主要天然放射性核素的水平及所致居民外照射剂量的估算结果.土壤中天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的活度,分别为36.9、39.4、36.2和648Bq·kg^-1,所致居民外照射剂量为599μSv·a^-1.¹³⁷Cs的积分沉积密度为3.4kBq·m^-2,所致居民外照射剂量为7.46μSv·a^-1.合计606μSv·a^-1.     

安徽省土壤中放射性核素的含量与分布

本文报告了安徽省土壤中放射性核素含量的一次调查结果.根据地形、地质条件将全省划分为皖北、大别山区、长江沿岸及皖南山区四个采样区,在53个采样点上采集了70个表层土壤样品,用低本底γ闪烁谱仪测量样品.测量结果表明,天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K的哥含量由北向南逐渐升高,与本省地势北低南高相一致;土壤中¹³⁷Cs的含量以长江沿岸区为最低;黄山、九华山等风景区天然放射性核素含量较高.全省土壤中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的含量的平均值分别为32.5、33.8、49.9、502和10.7Bq·kg^-1.由土壤中放射性核素的含量估算的年有效剂量当量为0.53mSv,与本省地球γ外照射巡测结果0.59mSv相近.     

甘肃省食品和饮用水的天然放射性含量及对居民所致内照射剂量估算

本文报道了甘肃省16种主要食品及5种饮用水中的天然U、Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K含量的测定结果,并由此估算了全省居民经食入这些核素所致剂量。结果表明:全省居民人均摄入天然放射性核素的年摄入量为1.95×10^-2Bq;经食入²³⁴U、²³⁸U²³²Th、²²⁶Ra天然放射性所致年有效剂量当量为2.47×10^-5Sv。     

福建省土壤中放射性核素含量及其所致居民剂量

我们在全省9个地市采集土壤样品90个、用Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定了天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K的比活度,平均值分别为56.6、68.5、111.8和606B q·kg^-1.根据土壤中天然放射性核素含量估算了地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值,室外和室内分别为11.1×10^-8Gy·h^-1和15.6X10^-8Gy·h^-1.²³⁸U系、²³²Th系和⁴⁰K对地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率的相对贡献分别为18%、61%和21%.人均年有效剂量当量为901μSv,集体有效剂量当量为2.3X10⁴man·Sv.     

吉林省食品和水中天然放射性核素水平及居民内剂量评价的研究

本文报道了吉林省食品和水中天然放射性核素水平及居民内剂量调查结果。样品采集按全省人口分布、地质结构特点及分层随机取样方法共采集粮食、蔬莱、肉、蛋、鱼、奶制品、水果等23类221种样品和39种水样。应用国内先进仪器和分析方法,测定了上述样品中天然放射性核素铀、钍、镭-226和钾-40的放射性水平。各种食品间铀、钍、镭-226活度以磨菇最高,次之是黄豆,镭-226的活度最低是猪肉,钍的活度以延边特产苹果梨最低,铀的活度也是苹果梨最低。城市居民饮用自来水放射性水平波动在(0.07～78.2)·10^-2Bq.L^-1,农村居民饮用井水放射性水平波动在(0.06～92.8)×10^-2Bq.L^-1,全省居民由食入以上三种核素所致人均年有效剂最当量城市为28.2μSv·a^-1,农村为38.0μSv·a^-1,全省人口加权平均为36.3μSv·a^-1。     

质子加速器放射治疗场所活化核素所致人员受照剂量估算与分析

目的 了解质子加速器放射治疗场所空气活化产物可能致工作人员的受照剂量水平,为治疗场所的防护设计和人员的放射防护提供技术基础。方法 以PROTEUS235型质子治疗系统为例,分析质子加速器运行时场所空气中可能产生的主要活化核素,估算工作场所内活化核素的放射性活度浓度及其所致人员的受照剂量。结果 在质子加速器厅内,活化核素¹⁵O的放射性活度浓度最高,为4.1×10^-2Bq ·cm^-3;¹³N、⁴¹Ar和¹¹C依次为3.3×10^-2、6.2×10^-3和2.0×10^-2Bq ·cm^-3。在质子束治疗室内,上述核素放射性活度浓度约为加速器厅内的5%。工作人员在停束后5和30 min进入质子加速器厅内,因外照射可能受到的年有效剂量分别小于1和0.1 mSv;在质子治疗停束后即刻进入治疗室,因空气活化所致年有效剂量为1.3～2.0 mSv,而在停束后5和15 min进入时分别为0.7～1.2和0.3～0.6 mSv。结论 质子加速器治疗场所空气中活化核素所致人员受照剂量不容忽视,应主要考虑活化核素¹⁵O、¹³N、⁴¹Ar、¹¹C所致外照射对工作人员造成的剂量贡献,并采取必要的防护措施。     

浙江省食品和饮水中U、Th、226Ra和40K的水平及对居民所致内照射剂量的评价

本文报道了浙江省19种主要食品和饮水中天然放射性核素U、Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的调查结果,并估算了由此所致居民的内照射剂量。通过本次调查基本上摸清了全省13个地区的主要食品和8大水系中天然放射性核素的水平和分布。结果表明,食品中U、Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的比活度分别为:(0.05～113)×10^-2,(0.05～10.8)×10^-2、(1.9～290)×10^-2和19.3～533Bq·Kg^-1;在水中的放射性活度分别是(1.40～24.9)×10^-3、(0.14～0.41)×10^-3、(3.7～13.0)×10^-3和(19.3～525)×10^-3Bq·L^-1,U、Th、²²⁶Ra的人均年摄入量分别为:17.0、3.9、44.4Bq。²³⁸U、²³⁴U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra的年有效剂量当量分别为:0.47、0.65、2.9、13.8(×10^-6Sv·a^-1),合计为17.8×10^-6Sv·a^-1。同时,我们还估算了上述核素致本省居民靶器官的年吸收剂量。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.