家兔血清中辛酰伯喹的高效液相色谱测定

本文应用甲醇-水(85:15,V/V)为流动相,在YWG-C_(18)H_(37)反相柱上,建立了家兔血清中辛酰伯喹的高效液相色谱测定法。本法简便、快速、灵敏、重现性好。血样用乙酸乙酯提取、浓集,辛酰伯喹的平均回收率大于96％,测得不同浓度水平的日内与日间变异系数均小于5％。本法最低检出血药浓度为0.02μg/ml。应用本法对肌注辛酰伯喹油剂与混悬剂的家兔血清样品进行测定,结果表明血药浓度的维持时间较长,在用药后20天两种剂型均尚能检出。     

紫杉醇脂质体与注射液家兔体内药动学行为比较

目的比较紫杉醇脂质体(paclitaxel liposome,L-PAC)和注射液(paclitaxel injection,I-PAC)在家兔体内的药动学行为。方法12只家兔随机分为两组,分别从耳缘静脉单剂量(12 mg·kg~(-1))注射L-PAC和I-PAC,采用HPLC法测定各时间点血药浓度,用DAS2.0和SPSS13.0软件处理和分析数据。结果两种制剂的血药质量浓度-时间曲线均符合二房室模型,主要药动学参数t_(1/2α)分别为(1.206±0.205)、(0.538±0.236)h;t_(1/2β)分别为(33.560±6.685)、(12.187±1.255)h;Vd分别为(0.619±0.084)、(0.809±0.087)L;CL分别为(0.035±0.010)、(0.096±0.010)L·h~(-1);K_(10)分别为(0.043±0.010)、(0.134±0.020) h~(-1);K_(12)分别为(0.245±0.038)、(0.777±0.252)h~(-1);K_(21)分别为(0.321±0.058)、(0.594±0.193)h~(-1);AUC_(0→24)分别为(321.109±18.462)、(200.024±22.937)mg·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0→∞)分别为(722.195±170.360)、(272.300±38.568)mg·h·L~(-1);两种制剂的t_(1/2α),t_(1/2β),Vd,CL,K_(10),K_(12),K_(21),AUC_(0→24)及AUC_(0→∞)经统计学分析后,存在极显著或显著差异。结论L-PAC与I-PAC相比,在家兔体内的药动学行为有显著的不同,脂质体制剂具有长效和缓释的特点,在维持较长的体内循环时间的同时,能够更好地浓集于靶组织,减少药物对其他脏器的毒副作用并增加疗效。     

用小鼠急性死亡率法测定4-苯基丁酮-2的表观药动学参数

本文采用小鼠急性死亡率法。测定了4-苯基丁酮-2的药动学参数。ip4-苯基丁酮-2在小鼠体内的经时过程为二房室开放模型。用最小二乘法和残余量法求得α、β、A、B四项表观动力学参数分别为1.809h~(-1),0.126h~(-1),507mg/kg(125.9％)和228mg/kg(56.7％)。按药动学公式分别求得分布相表观半寿期(t_(1/2))和消除相表现半寿期为(t 1/2β0.38h和5.50h;表观转运速率常数k_(12)、k_(21)、k_(10)分别为0.935h~(-1),0.648h~(-1)和0.352h~(-1);观表观曲线下面积(AVC)为2090mg.h/kg;表观清除率是0.19kg/kg;;表观分布容积v、v_c、v_p分别是1.530kg/kg、0.548kg/kg、0.982kg/kg。     

古洛酸伯喹对心脏功能和血流动力学影响

乌拉坦麻醉开胸家兔,RM—6000型八导生理多用仪同步记录左心室内压(LVP)、左心室内压最大变化速率(dp/dtmax),左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)动脉血压(AP),心率(HR)、心输出量(CO)。按文献报导的方法计算共同最高等容收缩压条件下的心肌收缩成分缩短速度(VCE—CPIP)、左室作功指数(LVWI)、心脏指数(CI)、心搏指数(SI)。静脉注射古洛酸伯喹2 mg/kg 给药后3分钟时,上述指标均明显降低;但 LVEDP 有有明显变化。。给药后6分钟时仍然有所降低,30分钟时恢复给药前水平。结果提示:静脉注射古洛酸伯喹对心脏功能和血流动力学可能产生抑制性影响,但这种影响是短暂并可恢复的。     

青蒿素哌喹片联合伯氨喹治疗科摩罗无并发症恶性疟临床疗效观察(英文)

【目的】评价青蒿素哌喹片联合伯氨喹治疗科摩罗恶性疟有效性和安全性,验证青蒿素哌喹片—伯氨喹治疗非洲恶性疟的有效临床剂量。【方法】共观察了无并发症恶性疟患者155例。成人口服青蒿素哌喹片—伯氨喹片1次/d,2片/次,连续2 d,1个疗程共4片(青蒿素320 mg,哌喹1 500 mg,伯氨喹16 mg);6岁以下儿童使用青蒿素哌喹片—伯氨喹颗粒剂。28 d后观察复燃率、平均原虫清除时间、平均退热时间、副作用等。【结果】服药后患者临床症状快速缓解。平均原虫清除时间(PCT)为(51.0±25.9)h,平均退热时间为(20.8±11.4)h。患者对青蒿素哌喹片—伯氨喹有良好的耐受性。只有少数患者出现恶心、呕吐和头晕等不良反应,副作用发生局限且能自愈。患者用药前及开始用药后的第7天观察血常规、生化检查未见明显毒副作用。【结论】青蒿素哌喹片—伯氨喹治疗无并发症恶性疟具有高效、速效、副作用低和疗程短等特点。     

用高效液相色谱法研究阿糖胞苷在家兔中的药代动力学

我们建立用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血浆中阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)浓度的方法。Ara-C血浆浓度在1～10μg/ml范围内为直线相关,r=0.9994。方法回收率为96.67％。最低检测限为5ng;血浆中最低检测浓度为200ng/ml。5只家兔,每只静脉注射Ara-C 5mg-剂量,用本文的HPLC方法测定其血浆浓度,所得药代动力学参数平均值为:K=0.7611 h~(-1),t_(1/2)=0.9324h,Vd=2.935L/kg,Cl=2.246L/(h·kg)。其结果符合单室模型,对本法的优点作了讨论。     

~(125)碘放射免疫分析法对人体内苯妥英钠(DPH)药代动力学的研究

本文用~(125)碘-苯妥英钠放免(PEG)分析法,研究6位志愿者服DPH(片)300mg的药代动学显示,5位志愿者DPH血浓度经时变化较规律,“AKAIKE”判别值显示两种药动学模型,主要参数值分别为,开放一室T_1/2kd=30.7053±31.9156(h),Vd=0.2471±0.02569(L/kg)。Cl=0.1112 0.009549(L/kg·h),AUC·~∞=791.7059±631.253(μg·h/ml);开放二室T_1/2β=27.9154±0.9312(h),Vd=0.2967±0.0084(L/kg),Cl=0.007373±0.O005(L/kg·h,AUC·~∞ =695.5453±213.773(μg·h/ml)。DPH唾药浓度经时变化不规律,与DPH血浓度相关不显著(P>0.05),用于药动学研究意义不大。     

伯氨喹脂质体的研制及其动物体内试验

为了降低间日疟根治药伯氨喹(Primaquine,PQ)的毒性,作者研制了一种新剂型——伯氨喹脂质体(PQ-Lip),并进行小鼠体内试验。结果表明PQ-Lip能使毒性降低到1/2～1/3,其疗效与对照组游离PQ相仿。实验数据表明PQ-Lip能增加血药浓度,在组织分布中发现PQ-Lip在肺、心内含量比对照组明显降低,而在肝、脾内含量明显增加。     

伯喹对疟原虫的配子体、配子生殖和孢子增殖的影响

给感染约氏疟原虫尼日利亚亚种的小鼠灌服怕喹1.25mg/kg和1.95mg/kg8h后,小鼠血内配子体数可减少一半,有些配子体胞质出现空泡,甚至虫体变小,随着伯喹剂量的增加与延长药后感染蚊虫的时间,形成动合子的数量,卵囊的感染率、感染度以及子孢子进腺率均降低;同时显示伯喹可致动合子和卵囊的形态结构发生变异,胞质出现空泡,虫体收缩等。在给药1.25mg/kg后8h,1.95mg/kg后4h,2.5mg/kg和5mg/kg后2h感染蚊媒,均未见子孢子进腺。证实伯喹既可作用于疟原虫配子体,又可影响其配子生殖和孢子增殖。     

厚朴中苯乙醇苷类化合物厚朴苷A的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的:建立血浆样品中厚朴苷A的测定方法,研究厚朴苷A在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法:大鼠经口服和尾静脉注射给药,以黄芩苷为内标,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中的厚朴苷A浓度。使用岛津LC-20A高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱为Agilent Zobax SB-C18(250 mm×20 mm,5μm),甲醇/水溶液梯度洗脱(0~15 min,甲醇15%~85%),流速为1 mL·min~(-1)。采用DAS 2.0软件对所得的需要浓度进行拟合,计算相应的药动学参数。结果:大鼠经口服给药200 mg·kg~(-1)、尾静脉注射给药5 mg·kg~(-1),目标物质量浓度在0.3~100μg·mL~(-1),内线性关系良好(r=0.999 6),标准曲线定量下限为0.3μg·mL~(-1);批内精密度RSD7.1%,批间精密度RSD12.4%;准确度RE3.3%~5.9%;回收率83.5%~99.0%。大鼠经口服给药的药动学参数AUC(0-t)为(15.6±7.4)mg·h/L,CL为(14.5±6.1)L·h/kg,Vd为(13.5±2.8)L/kg,t1/2为(1.16±0.8)h。大鼠尾静脉注射给药的药动学参数AUC(0-t)为(17.8±9.9)mg·h/L,CL为(0.34±0.14)L·h/kg,Vd为(0.08±0.04)L/kg,t1/2为(0.15±0.03)h。结论:该实验建立了一种简便、准确、快速地测定厚朴苷A浓度的方法,首次报道了厚朴苷A在大鼠体内的药物代谢动力学特征。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.