食管诱癌过程中不同反流状态对抑癌基因表达蛋白的影响

目的：研究胃及十二指肠内容物反流对食管组织内抑癌基因表达蛋白的影响，从而探讨不同反流状态下食管肿瘤发生的机制。方法：通过不同手术方式制作单纯胃食管反流（G组）、单纯十二指肠食管反流（D组）、十二指肠胃混合食管反流（DG组）及无反流对照组（C组）动物模型，术后均注射致癌剂甲基戊基亚硝胺（MANA），于26周取食管，用且化法检测组织中P53，P16，P21等基因的蛋白表达，结果：各反流组大鼠食管上皮细胞中突变型P53蛋白的表达均较对照组显著增强，反流组间相比无显著差异，各反流组P16，P21蛋白的表达较对照组减弱（G组P16蛋白表达与C组相比无显著差别），其中D组、DG组的表达较G组更弱，D组与DG组结果相似，突变型P53蛋白折表达与P16，P21蛋白的表达呈负相关（r分别为－0．62及－0．75）,P16蛋白的表达与P21蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.54)。结论胃液及十二指肠内容物反流可通过改变抑癌基因的蛋白表达而影响致癌剂甲基戊基亚硝胺诱发大鼠食管肿瘤的作用，其中十二指肠内容物的作用较胃液更强。     

食管24 h pH动态监测与胃食管反流病的诊断

为探讨食管24ｈｐＨ动态监测与胃食管反流病(ＧＥＲＤ)诊断之间的关系,分别对本院1997～1998年间门诊及住院的41例有典型胃食管反流症状的患者及18例健康者进行了食管24ｈｐＨ动态监测,并将二者进行比较。1　临床资料11　一般资料对照组18例,男11例,女7例,年龄25～69岁,均无ＧＥＲＤ症状及其他胃肠道病史,并经胃镜检查无任何食管、胃、十二指肠病变。ＧＥＲＤ组41例,男26例,女15例,年龄28～69岁,均有典型的胃食管反流症状,如反酸、反胃、烧心、嗳气、胸骨后疼痛,并经胃镜检查明确有胃食管反流并有病理学改变。12　方法　受试者前3ｄ停用胃肠…     

不同反流导致大鼠食管形态学的变化

目的：通过动物实验探讨胃及十二指肠内容物反流导致食管的形态学变化及其在反流性食管炎(RE)发病中的作用。方法：运用不同手术方式制作单纯胃食管反流(G组)、单纯十二指肠食管反流(D组)及十二指肠胃混合食管反流(DG组)动物模型。于不同病程分批取得食管标本进行大体、光镜及电镜研究。结果：大体及光镜下见各实验组出现程度不等的食管炎症、糜烂、溃疡、上疫高度增生，D组病变最重、发病率最高，DG组次之，G组最轻。电镜下见G组表层细胞脱落，细胞间隙增宽，桥粒减少；D组损害较严重，细胞表面微褶明显减少、不规则，细胞膜不连续，细胞器变性；DG组兼见以上两种改变。结论：胃及十二指肠反流均可造成明显食管粘膜损伤。但不同的反流物引起的上疫病变表现及程度均有差别，在RE发生中均有重要意义。     

胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病（ｇａｓｔｒｏｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｒｅｆｌｕｘｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＧＥＲＤ）是指过多胃十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起烧心等症状，并可导致食管炎和口咽、喉、气道等食管以外的组织损害。ＧＥＲＤ在西方国家十分常见，人群中约７％～１５％有食管反流症状，...     

奥美拉唑和雷尼替丁治疗胃食管反流临床疗效对比观察

胃食管反流（ｇａｓｔｒｏｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌ ｒｅｆｌｕｘ ｄｓｅａｓｅ，ＧＥＲＤ）是由于胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起反酸、反食、烧灼感等症状或组织损害，部分患者伴有食管以外表现。由于引起食管炎的直接作用是反流物，所以，抑制反流物刺激的治疗很重要。为了探讨质子泵抑制剂和Ｈ２受体阻断剂治疗ＧＥＲＤ的疗效，我们选用国产奥美拉唑胶囊（批号：９７１１２６，９８０２０６，９８０７１８，常州四药制药有限公司生产，商品名奥克）和雷尼替丁（下简称ＲＮＴ）治疗ＧＥＲＤ ４４例，对其控制症状和改善食管炎症等疗效进…     

胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病 (ＧＥＲＤ)是过多胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管产生症状或并发症。当反流导致食管粘膜破损称为反流性食管炎 (ＲＥ)。ＧＥＲＤ在西方国家十分常见 ,人群中约 7%～ 15 %有胃食管反流症状[1] ,我国北京、上海在 1996年调查结果 ,ＧＥＲＤ的患病率为 5 .77% ,ＲＥ为     

中医对胃食管反流病的认识

胃食管反流病（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｅｓｐｈａｇｅａｌｒｅｆｌｕｘｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＧＥＲＤ）是由于胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食道引起的症状或组织损害，常合并食管炎。本病在西方国家十分常见，人群中约１０％～２０％有胃食管反流（ＧＥＲ）症状［１］，我国在实际发病情况...     

胃食管反流病的新概念

胃食管反流病（Ｇａｓｔｒｉｃｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｒｅｆｌｕｘｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＧＥＲＤ）是一种较为常见的消化道功能性疾病，国外报道本病发生率为１０％～２０％，国内为２５２％～４４７％。ＧＥＲＤ系指胃十二指肠内容物反流入食管的病理状态。发病与食管下...     

十二指肠胃反流与胃食管反流病的相关性研究

目的探讨胃食管反流病与十二指肠胃反流的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒对41例胃食管反流病患者和33名健康志愿者进行十二指肠胃反流检测。结果①胃食管反流患者的十二指肠胃反流（DGR）较健康志愿者显著增加（P〈0．01）。②反流性食管炎患者的DGR较非糜烂性反流病患者严重（P〈0．05）。③DGR与胃食管反流病患者的症状严重程度无相关性。结论DGR在胃食管反流病的发生中具有一定的作用,彩色多普勒超声是一种对DGR有较高诊断价值的方法。     

胃食管反流病的内镜,食管动力学检查与中医证型的关系

通过对６４不同中医证型的胃食管反流病（ＧＥＲＤ）患者进行内镜、食管动力学检查，探讨胃食管反流病的内镜、食管动力学与中医证型之间的关系。结果显示：ＧＥＲＤ患者脾胃虚寒型比肝胃不和型和肝胃不和型和肝郁化热型的食管粘膜炎症分级增高；食管动力学检查显示；脾胃交肝胃不和型和肝郁化热型的ＬＥＳＰ、ＧＥＢＰ、ＡＰＰ降低，较肝胃不和型的ＬＥＳＲＴ延长〉ＰＣＳ减慢。提示：ＧＥＲＤ虚证型较实下型的食管粘膜炎症损害程度     

胆汁反流对大鼠食管粘膜炎症损伤和凋亡的作用

目的 观察胆汁反流引起食管粘膜的炎症损伤和组织细胞凋亡情况。方法 以手术制造的十二指肠胃食管混合反流（DGER）大鼠模型为基础,制备DGER（A组）模型;DGER＋Losec Mupus制剂灌注造成单纯十二指肠液食管反流（B组）模型;DGER十胆管接扎造成无胆汁的十二指肠胃食管反流（C组）模型。观察9周后各组大鼠食管病理学改变,TUNEL法观察食管粘膜凋亡指数,免疫组化观察Fas蛋白的表达。结果 A、B、C三组均发生反流性食管炎表现,炎症以A组最重,其次为B组,C组最轻。A、B两组均见Barrett’s食管发生,发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,C组无Barrett’s食管发生;细胞凋亡结果示A组凋亡指数最高,其后依次为B组和C组（P〈0．01）;各组Fas蛋白表达均阴性。结论 不含胆汁的DGER所致食管损伤最轻,胆酸可能与Barrett’s食管的发生密切相关;各病理组的凋亡情况均增加,但与Fas系统无关。     

十二指肠胃反流对大鼠胃黏膜损伤机制的研究

目的:探讨十二指肠胃反流(DGR)液对大鼠胃黏膜的损伤机制.方法:成年SD大鼠16只进行手术,其中8只行肝总管插管手术以引流胆汁,8只行十二指肠插管手术以引流十二指肠混合液.另外成年SD大鼠24只随机分为A,B和C组.A、B组为DGR模型组,A组大鼠行胆汁灌胃,B组大鼠行十二指肠混合液灌胃,C组对照为生理盐水灌胃.2周后处死大鼠.HE染色观察胃黏膜病理改变.采用免疫组化方法分析胃黏膜组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-4的表达.采用TUNEL技术观察各组胃黏膜细胞凋亡情况.结果:A和B组大鼠胃黏膜病理改变提示造模成功.A组和B组大鼠胃黏膜细胞的TNF-α、IL-Iβ表达均显著高于C组(P＜0.05),而IL-4的表达在3组间无差异(P＞0.05).A组和B组胃黏膜凋亡指数均显著高于C组(P＜0.05).A组和B组的胃黏膜病理改变、细胞因子表达和细胞凋亡指数均未见显著性差异(均P＞0.05).结论:不同成分的DGR液均可引起胃黏膜损伤,其中细胞因子表达异常和细胞凋亡可能参与其发病.     

胆汁损伤胃黏膜的实验研究

目的 通过大鼠实验模型探讨胆汁对胃黏膜的损伤作用.方法 SD大鼠分成4组:十二指肠胃反流(DGR)组、DGR 胆管结扎(BDL)组、BDL组、对照组.术后12周处死大鼠,观察胃黏膜损害及病理组织学改变,电子显微镜硝酸镧标记观察胃黏膜细胞间的紧密连接.结果 DGR组比去除胆汁的DGR出现胃黏膜的充血、小凹超常增生和黏膜细胞间的紧密连接受损程度严重.结论 在十二指肠胃反流所致胃黏膜的损伤中,去除胆汁可使胃黏膜的损伤减轻,胆汁是胃黏膜损伤的重要因素.     

热休克蛋白27在大鼠反流性食管炎食管组织的表达

Background  Little attention has been paid to the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE), and few studies of the importance of HSP27 in esophagitis have been carried out in animal models. This study aimed to explore the expression of HSP27 in the esophageal tissue of rats with RE.

Methods  Eighty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups A and B and control groups C and D (n=20 in each group). To establish RE, rats in the two experimental groups received pylorus and forestomach ligations, while rats in the control group received gastrostomy and gastric perforation repair. The rats in groups A and C were sacrificed 7 days after surgery, and the rats in groups B and D were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. In groups A and B, 10 and 8 rats were diagnosed with RE by pathological examination, respectively (they were included in groups A’ and B’, respectively). The histopathological diagnosis of all the lower esophageal tissues in groups C and D was normal and 20 normal specimens were randomly selected for groups C’ and D’ with 10 specimens in each group. Macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores were assessed for the specimens in groups A’ and B’. Lower esophageal tissues were collected from groups A’, B’, C’, and D’, and paraffin-embedded slices were made using part of the tissues. The expression of HSP27 in the tissues was detected using the two-step streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Some collected tissues were frozen, and expressions of HSP27 mRNA were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).

Results  Median macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores in groups A’ (n=10) and B’ (n=8) were 1.0 and 1.5, and 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. There were no significant differences in the macroscopic or microscopic esophagitis scores between the two groups (Z=–0.330, P=0.741; Z=–0.142, P=0.887, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining showed that HSP27 was expressed in all layers of the esophageal epithelia in RE and control rats. FQ-PCR showed that HSP27 mRNA levels in the lower esophageal tissue in RE group (groups A’ and B’) were higher than those in control group (groups C’ and D’) (Z=–0.249, P=0.001). HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue was significantly different in groups B’ and D’ (Z=–3.027, P=0.002). And the levels of HSP27 mRNA expression in severe RE group (microscopic esophagitis score: 3) were higher than in mild RE group (microscopic esophagitis score: 1–2) and control group (Z=–3.396,P=0.001; Z=–3.855, P <0.001).

Conclusions  HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE is significantly higher than in the normal controls. Although reflux is a persistent stimulating factor, increased expression of HSP27 in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE requires aggravated esophageal injury.

     

Histopathological findings of the lower esophagus after total gastrectomy in rat

It is now accepted that the incidence of esophageal carcinoma is highest in the middle thoracic region. Esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy, however, has a tendency to develop in the lower region. This study was designed to investigate the role of reflux of gastroduodenal juice in the genesis of carcinoma in the esophagus. We found a possible correlation between the development of esophageal carcinoma and gastrectomy, related to alkaline reflux into the esophagus. To elucidate this correlation, the role of alkaline reflux of duodenal contents in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated in Wister rats. Gastrectomized rats with regurgitation of duodenal contents into the esophagus were not administered any carcinogen and were sacrificed some at the end of 8 weeks and others at 50 weeks for pathological examination. Hyperplasia was found in rats at 8 weeks, and the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was found in rats at 50 weeks. The carcinomas were found exclusively in the area of the reflux esophagitis and were accompanied by severe dysplasia. These results suggested that alkaline reflux of duodenal contents was strongly correlated to the development of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.     

管状胃加胃底重建食管癌术后胃食管反流的临床研究

目的探讨研究管状胃加胃底重建减压食管癌术后胃食管反流的临床效果。方法选取我院63例符合条件、患有食管癌且需进行手术的患者,并将其分为观察组33例和对照组30例。观察组患者采用管状胃加胃底重建减压食管癌术进行治疗,对照组患者只采用管状胃手术进行治疗。对两种治疗方法进行临床观察。结果两组患者在手术完成之后均存在一定的胃食管反流情况。与对照组相比,观察组的24 h酸反流次数、最长持续反流时间、pH值<4的总时间、以及pH值<4占总检测时间的百分比均较低(P<0.05)。在治疗完成1年后对两组患者的不良反应进行对比研究,结果发现患者发生的不良反应主要为食管炎症、糜烂、溃疡、以及吻合口异常,且两组患者在不良反应及并发症发生方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用管状胃加胃底重建减压食管癌术的疗效优于单纯的管状胃手术,值得临床推广。     

管状胃食管吻合术对食管癌根治术后患者并发症的影响

目的:探讨管状胃食管吻合术对食管癌根治术后患者并发症的影响。方法:选择巴中市中心医院确诊为中下段食管癌并有手术指征的患者94例,随机分为改良组和对照组,每组47例。改良组术中采用管状胃食管吻合术,对照组采用传统的全胃食管吻合术。比较术后1个月两组患者肺功能、胃食管反流及其他并发症的发生率。结果:与术前比较,两组术后1个月肺功能明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,改良组术肺功能明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。改良组术胃食管反流的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组肺部感染和吻合口漏发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:管状胃食管吻合术能明显减轻食管癌根治术后患者肺功能损害,减少胃食管反流的发生,不会增加严重不良反应的发生率,适合在食管癌根治术中应用。     

胸腔胃全层内凸缝合术预防食管癌术后反流性食管炎的效果观察

目的 探讨食管癌术后反流性食管炎的防治方法.方法 将136例食管癌患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,各68例.对照组行单纯机械吻合术,治疗组行机械吻合后加胸腔胃全层内凸缝合术.术后比较两组患者的食管反流液pH值、食管镜检和自觉症状等.结果 治疗组患者食管腔内反流液pH值明显高于对照组(x2=14.82,P＜0.01);食管镜检显示治疗组反流性食管炎发生率29％,对照组为51％,两组比较有统计学意义(x2=6.99,P＜0.01).结论 胸腔胃全层内凸缝合术能有效防止食管癌术后反流性食管炎的发生.     

Study on the preventive effects of different drugs on reflux esophagitis inrats

Objective: To observe the damage of mixed reflux to the rat esophageal mucosa, and investigate the preventive effects of cisapride, nabumetone and hydrotalcite on the damaged esophageal mucosa. Methods: Three hundred sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were treated as esophagoduodenostomy and divided into four groups in random. Group Y:operation + saline as positive controls; Group P: operation + cisapride; Group R: operation + nabumetone; Group D: operation + hydrotalcite. Different drugs were perfused in the 1st week after operation. The lesions of esophageal mucosa were observed in the 5th, 9th, 13th, 17th, 22nd, 28th, 35th and 40th week respectively, and evaluated the preventive effects of these drugs. Results: The lesions of esophageal mucosa in group Y were more severe than other three groups in different time ( P < 0.05), and the incidence of Barrett' s esophagus(BE), severe atypical hyperplasia and esophageal adenocarcino-ma (EAC) in group Y were higher than others. After 22 weeks, the lesions in gro