血管紧张素(1-7)对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达E选择素和单核细胞趋化蛋白1的影响

目的热休克蛋白70(HSP70)是TLR4内源性配体之一。本研究探讨热休克处理对THP-1巨噬细胞单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)和白细胞介素8(IL-8)表达的影响以及HSP70和TLR4在其中的作用。方法实验前用160nmol/L佛波酯孵育THP-1细胞24h,使其诱导分化成巨噬细胞,换无血清培养基培养后按如下分组加处理因素:常温对照组、热休克处理组(THP-1巨噬细胞42℃水浴受热1h,37℃恢复6h)、热休克+抗TLR4抗体组(THP-1巨噬细胞加入抗TLR410mg/L2h后42℃水....     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶对HBZY-1系膜细胞株表达NF-κB和MCP-1的调控

目的 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38MAPK)与NF-κB、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1)之间的关系,从而研究p38MAPK和NF-κB、MCP-1在糖尿病肾病中的作用机制.方法 分别以高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、H2O2和糖基化终产物孵育大鼠肾小球系膜细胞株HBZY-1;先以p38MAPK特异抑制剂SB203580预处理细胞株HBZY-1,再给予上述4种因素孵育细胞株HBZY-1,观察其p38MAPK和NF-κB、MCP-1的表达.结果 高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、H2O2和糖基化终产物均可独立激活p38MAPK,使其磷酸化表达量增加,NF-κB、MCP-1表达也明显增加;SB203580预处理后,NF-κB、MCP-1表达被显著抑制.结论 p38MAPK可能通过激活NF-κB、MCP-1而诱导糖尿病时肾脏的损害,p38MAPK和NF-κB、MCP-1在糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程中可能起重要作用.     

Lactobacilli inhibit interleukin-8 production induced by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-activated Toll-like receptor 4

AIM： To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus （LBG） on the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） pathway and interleukin-8 （IL-8） production in SGC-7901 cells treated with Helicobacter pyloriSydney strain 1 lipopolysaccharide （HpyloriSS1-LPS）. METHODS： SGC-7901 cells were treated with HpyloriSS1-LPS in the presence or absence of pretreatment for 1 h with viable LBG or supernatant recovered from LBG culture MRS broth （LBG-s）. Cellular lysates were prepared for Western blot with anti-TLR4, anti-transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 （TAK1）, anti-phospho-TAK1, anti-nuclear factor κB （NF-κB）, anti-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38MAPK）, and anti-phospho-p38MAPK antibodies. The amount of IL-8 in cell culture medium was measured by ELISA. RESULTS： H pyloriSS1-LPS up-regulated the expression of TLR4, stimulated the phosphorylation of TAKI, subsequently enhanced the activation of NF- κB and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK in a time- dependent manner, leading to augmentation of IL-8 production in SGC-7901 cells. Viable LBG or LBG-s pretreatment attenuated the expression of TLR4, inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1 and p38MAPK, prevented the activation of NF-κB, and consequently blocked IL-8 production.CONCLUSION： H py/oriSS1-LPS induces IL-8 production through activating TLR4 signaling in SGC-7901 cells and viable LBG or LBG-s prevents H pyloriSS1-LPS-mediated IL-8 production via inhibition of the TLR4 pathway.     

肝X受体激动剂T0901317对脂多糖诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞炎性因子释放的影响及其机制

目的 观察肝X受体激动剂T0901317对脂多糖诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞炎症因子释放的影响,并探讨其机制.方法 160 nmol/L佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬细胞24h后分为四组:对照组、脂多糖组、T0901317组和脂多糖+T0901317组,酶联免疫吸附法检测培养液中炎症因子含量.LipofectarnineTM2000转染ATP结合盒转运子A1(ABCAl) siRNA,定量PCR检测细胞ABCA1、ABCG1和Toll样受体4(TLR4)的mRNA表达,Western blot检测ABCA1、ABCG1、TLR4和核因子κB (NF-κB) p65的蛋白表达.结果 T0901317抑制脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)释放,促进THP-1巨噬细胞ABCA1和ABCG1表达;转染ABCA1 siRNA后,ABCA1的蛋白表达明显下降,T0901317对炎症因子的抑制作用明显减弱;T0901317下调TLR4和核内NF-κB的表达.结论 T0901317抑制脂多糖诱导的炎症反应,可能与其促进膜转运体ABCA1表达,抑制膜受体TLR4和转录因子NF-κB的表达有关.     

NF-κB在铁负荷过低上调炎症因子中的作用

目的: 探讨核转录因子(NF)-κB在铁负荷过低上调巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞炎症因子反应中的作用。方法: 将巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞给予NF-κB抑制剂预处理,加入或不加入铁离子鳌合剂去铁胺(DFO)继续培养24 h,用Western blot测定细胞中细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（EMMPRIN）蛋白的表达。于巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞中加入DFO刺激,用Western blot测定细胞核中NF-κB p65蛋白的表达。将巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞给予p38 MAPK信号通路抑制剂或视黄醛x受体（RXR）的天然配体预处理,加入DFO刺激,用Western blot测定细胞核中NF-κB p65蛋白的表达。结果: NF-κB抑制剂可抑制DFO对巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞中EMMPRIN上调的作用。DFO可促进巨噬细胞、泡沫细胞细胞核中NF-κB p65蛋白的表达。p38 MAPK通路抑制剂或RXR配体可抑制DFO对NF-κB p65蛋白水平上调的作用。结论: NF-κB 参与了铁负荷过低上调巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞中EMMPRIN表达的过程。RXR配体对铁负荷过低上调炎症反应的抑制作用,同其抑制NF-κB激活有关。     

咖啡酸苯乙酯对ox-LDL诱导的THP-1源性巨噬细胞炎症因子分泌的抑制作用

目的研究咖啡酸苯乙酯(CAPE)对ox-LDL诱导的THP-1源性巨噬细胞炎症因子分泌的影响及其可能机制。方法用不同浓度CAPE预处理THP-1源性巨噬细胞2 h,再用40 mg/L ox-LDL处理24 h,ELISA检测炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6以及MCP-1的分泌情况;用40 mg/L ox-LDL分别处理THP-1源性巨噬细胞不同时间,Westernblot检测细胞COX-2蛋白表达的情况;最后,采用Western blot分析CAPE对ox-LDL诱导的THP-1源性巨噬细胞COX-2蛋白表达、IκB-α降解及其NF-κB核转位的影响。结果 40 mg/L ox-LDL可诱导THP-1源性巨噬细胞TNF-α,IL-6以及MCP-1分泌增多,而CAPE明显抑制了ox-LDL诱导的细胞炎症因子分泌,呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05);随着ox-LDL处理时间的延长,THP-1源性巨噬细胞COX-2蛋白表达逐渐增高,以24 h最为明显(P<0.05),而CAPE能抑制ox-LDL诱导的THP-1源性巨噬细胞COX-2蛋白表达上调,并可抑制ox-LDL诱导的THP-1源性巨噬细胞IκB-α降解及其NF-κB核转位。结论 CAPE对ox-LDL诱导的巨噬细胞炎症因子分泌应具有抑制作用,作用机制可能与其抑制NF-κB激活,下调COX-2蛋白表达有关。     

枸杞多糖联合有氧运动对非酒精性脂肪肝炎大鼠模型的改善作用及其机制研究

目的基于p38 MAPK/NF-κB途径探讨枸杞多糖联合有氧运动对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)大鼠肝脏的保护作用。方法 8周龄SD大鼠共45只,适应性饲养1周后随机选取10只作为对照组给予普通饲料,剩余大鼠为高脂组(35只),食用高脂饲料。28周时将高脂组大鼠随机分为4组进行干预(每组8只),分别为模型组、枸杞多糖组、有氧运动组、联合组(枸杞多糖+有氧运动),干预周期为10周。实验结束时,测定所有大鼠空腹血糖,收集血清样本,取肝组织和内脏脂肪。生化试剂盒检测血清TG、TC、ALT、AST水平。ELISA试剂盒测定大鼠血清胰岛素(FINS)、TNFα、IL-6和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)水平。实时定量PCR和Western Blot测定肝组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)、p38 MAPK和NF-κB的表达水平。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠TG、TC、AST、ALT、FINS和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)水平均显著升高(P值均0.05),血清炎症因子MCP-1、TNFα和IL-6水平均呈现增高趋势(P值均0.05),肝组织TLR4、p38 MAPK和NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P值均0.05)。与模型组相比,各干预组大鼠TC、AST、ALT、FINS和HOMA-IR水平均显著降低(P值均0.05),血清炎症因子MCP-1、TNFα和IL-6水平均呈现降低趋势(P值均0.05);肝组织TLR4、p38 MAPK、NF-κB相关mRMA和蛋白水平均显著降低(P值均0.05)。与枸杞多糖组相比,联合组TG、ALT、FINS、HOMA-IR水平均显著降低(P值均0.05),血清MCP-1水平呈现降低趋势(P 0.05),TLR4 mRNA相对表达水平显著降低(P 0.05),p38 MAPK、NF-κB蛋白水平均显著降低(P值均0.05)。与有氧运动组相比,联合组FINS、HOMA-IR水平均显著降低(P值均0.05),IL-6、MCP-1水平均显著降低(P值均0.05),TLR4 mRNA相对表达水平显著降低(P值均0.05)。结论枸杞多糖联合有氧运动可能通过调节p38 MAPK/NF-κB途径改善NASH大鼠炎症水平。     

Toll样受体4和核因子-κB信号通路在溶血磷脂酸致动脉粥样硬化中的作用

目的探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)/NF-κB信号通路在溶血磷脂酸(LPA)致动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法以不同浓度LPA(0¹0μmol/L)刺激人单核细胞株THP-1细胞4h,以及LPA 1μmol/L处理THP-1细胞不同时间(010μmol/L)刺激人单核细胞株THP-1细胞4h,以及LPA 1μmol/L处理THP-1细胞不同时间(0⁸h),荧光定量RT-PCR法测定TLR4mRNA表达,Western blot检测TLR4蛋白、细胞核NF-κB p65表达变化,ELISA法测定细胞因子TNF-α,随后在LPA 1μmol/L条件下,TLR4单抗干预THP-1细胞,观察其对LPA诱导的细胞核NF-κB p65表达及TNF-α分泌水平的影响。结果当LPA 1μmol/L时,TLR4mRNA和蛋白及细胞核NF-κB p65表达较0μmol/L、0.1μmol/L、0.5μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L LPA明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。LPA 1μmol/L处理THP-1细胞4h时,THP-1细胞TLR4mRNA和蛋白及细胞核NF-κB p65表达水平明显高于0、1、2、8h(P<0.01)。与TLR4单抗干预前比较,TLR4干预后LPA诱导的THP-1细胞NF-κB p65表达及TNF-α分泌水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 LPA可显著上调THP-1细胞TLR4表达及促进NF-κB的活化,LPA致动脉粥样硬化作用可能部分是由TLR4/NF-κB信号途径介导的。     

甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌cdtB亚基的原核表达及对巨噬细胞IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α分泌的影响

目的研究甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌感染过程中,cdtB对宿主巨噬细胞分泌促炎细胞因子的影响。NF-κB信号通路阻断剂对cdtB诱导的巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子的影响。方法对甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌cdtB亚基进行原核表达,制备并模型纯化重组蛋白,建立其刺激人THP-1巨噬细胞模型,ELISA检测THP-1分泌IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α等细胞因子。在共培养体系中加入NF-κB信号通路阻断剂,ELISA检测THP-1分泌IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α等细胞因子。结果成功构建甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌cdtB原核表达系统,表达并纯化重组cdtB蛋白,与空白对照相比,受到cdtB刺激的THP-1细胞上清中的IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α浓度显著上升,而在THP-1细胞培养基中加入NF-κB信号通路阻断剂SN50可以显著抑制重组cdtB诱导的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α分泌。结论甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌cdtB能够通过NF-κB信号通路诱导巨噬细胞分泌IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α,在甲型副伤寒相关的炎症反应中发挥促进作用。     

甘草查尔酮A对THP-1巨噬细胞促炎因子表达的影响——依赖于TLR-4/NF-κB炎症信号通路

目的探讨甘草查尔酮A(Lico A)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人急性单核细胞白血病细胞株(THP-1)巨噬细胞相关炎症因子表达的影响。方法用100μg/L佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1细胞48 h,使其分化为巨噬细胞后,分为空白组、LPS组和LPS+不同浓度Lico A组(20、10、5 mg/L)。用酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养液中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量,实时定量PCR检测Toll样受体4(TLR-4)和核因子κB(NF-κB)m NRA水平,采用Western blot检测TLR-4、NF-κB、IκB激酶(IKKα)、磷酸化IKB-α(p-IKB-α)、环氧合酶2(COX-2)和一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)蛋白表达水平。结果 LPS诱导THP-1巨噬细胞后,IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平升高,Lico A可降低LPS诱导引起的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达水平升高。LPS刺激后TLR-4 m NRA及蛋白表达增加,NF-κB活化,Lico A可拮抗以上作用,阻止NF-κB活化。结论 Lico A可通过TLR-4/NF-κB通路抑制LPS诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞炎性反应。     

Genetic factors determine extent of bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although bone loss and osteoporosis are well-known long-term sequelae of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the risk factors for increased bone loss have not been identified. Balances of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines influence mechanisms of both chronic inflammation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to identify genetic risk factors for rapid bone loss in IBD patients as a model of disease- and inflammation-associated bone loss. METHODS: Multiple clinical parameters, biochemical markers of bone metabolism (vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, N-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen, desoxypyridinoline, bone alkaline phosphatase), and bone mineral density were prospectively assessed in 83 IBD patients over 1.6+/-0.3 years. Eighty-six healthy bone marrow donors served as controls for allelotyping. The allele status of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, heat shock protein 70-2 (hsp 70-2), and heat shock protein 70-hom (hsp hom) genes was typed and correlated with clinical course of IBD and extent of bone loss. RESULTS: The extent of bone loss was not correlated to clinical severity of disease or application of corticosteroids. Noncarriage of the 240-base pair allele of the IL-1ra gene and carriage of the 130-base pair allele of IL-6 were independently associated with increased bone loss. Genetic variations of the hsp genes were not associated with degree of bone loss. The combined presence of the named risk factors was significantly associated with increasing bone loss. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations in the IL-6 and IL-1ra gene identify IBD patients at risk for increased bone loss.     

Elevated circulating levels of heat shock protein 70 are related to systemic inflammatory reaction through monocyte Toll signal in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that heat shock protein (HSP) 70 may serve as a "damage signal" to the immune system and could be the endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 mediating synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. AIMS: To explore the relationship between circulating HSP70 levels and activation of monocyte TLR4 and myocardial damage after AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study examined circulating HSP70 and monocyte TLR4 levels in 52 patients with AMI and 20 controls, and analyzed ex vivo inflammatory cytokine productions using HSP70-stimulated monocytes. Circulating HSP70 levels were higher in AMI patients on day 1 after onset than in controls and remained elevated in AMI patients 14 days after onset. HSP70 levels were positively correlated with monocyte TLR4, plasma interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in AMI patients. HSP70 levels 14 days after onset were higher in AMI patients with heart failure (n=15) than in those without heart failure. In our in vitro study, HSP70-stimulated monocytes resulted in dose-dependent TLR4 expression and release of inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 antibody inhibited inflammatory cytokines release. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated circulating levels of HSP70 may be involved in TLR4 signal-mediated immune response and the progression of heart failure after AMI.     

Autonatibody against 70 kD heat shock protein in patients with autoimmune liver diseases

Background/Aims: It has recently been suggested that heat shock proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of various immunological disorders, and the presence of antibodies against heat shock proteins has been reported in several autoimmune diseases.Methods: We investigated autoantibodies against the two major human heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90) in sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis, the two major autoimmune liver diseases. Reactivity with human heat shock proteins obtained from phytohemagglutinin stimulated cells was investigated by immunoblots with sera at 1:20 dilution.Results: Reactivity with human hsp90 was not found in any sera from patients or normal controls. In contrast, reactivity with human hsp70 was found in 16 of 35 (45.7%) primary binary cirrhosis patients and in 9 of 17 (52.9%) autoimmune hepatitis patients, but similar reactivity was found in only 2 of 15 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 1 of 13 patients with chronic hepatitis C. All the normal controls showed a negative reaction. Two-dimensional immunoblots and immunoabsorption experiments established that the autoantibody recognized only human hsc70 (73 kD/pI 5.5), a constitutive form of the hsp70 family.Conclusions: Although the pathological significance of the autoantibody against hsc70 in these autoimmune liver diseases remains unknown, the serum autoantibody detected in primary biliary cirrhosis patients is closely related to clinical variables including serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, IgG, IgM, titers of antimitochondrial antibodies, and major symptoms (pruritus and/or icterus). These observations may suggest that the anti-hsc70 antibody is an indicator for the disease activity of primary biliary cirrhosis.     

Cross-sectional correlates of serum heat shock protein 70 in the community

BACKGROUND: Recent studies of referral samples suggest that heat shock proteins play a key role in the pathogenesis of high BP and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including heart failure. It is unclear whether circulating heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels are related to CVD risk factors, echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and prevalent CVD in the population. METHODS: We evaluated the cross-sectional relations of serum HSP70 to established CVD risk factors (including hypertension), markers of oxidative stress (urinary 8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) and inflammation (plasma interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 MCP-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule sICAM-1), echocardiographic LV dimensions and prevalent CVD in 456 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 61 years, 42% women). RESULTS: In multivariable analyses, serum HSP70 was not associated with age, sex, vascular risk factors (including hypertension), echocardiographic LV mass or prevalent CVD. Also, serum HSP70 was not related to any of the biomarkers evaluated (p> or = 0.10 for all). CONCLUSIONS: In our community-based sample, serum HSP70 was similar in men and women, and not significantly related to traditional or novel risk factors, to LV mass or to prevalent CVD. Our data suggest that blood levels may not adequately reflect the important role of heat shock proteins in prevalent CVD.     

Expression of HSP70 and JNK-related proteins in human liver cancer: Potential effects on clinical outcome

BACKGROUND: Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase was inhibited in cells, in which heat shock protein70 was induced to a high level, indicating that heat shock protein70 might be anti-apoptosis protein. AIM: We examined the expression of heat shock protein70 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway in human liver carcinoma to explore their relationship and clinical parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression of heat shock protein70, c-Jun N-terminal kinase1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase2 and c-Jun were detected immunohistochemically in 62 samples of liver cancer. Western blot was used to confirm immunostaining results. RESULTS: Heat shock protein70 expression showed a positive correlation with the malignant differentiation in liver carcinoma (r=0.449, P<0.0005). The expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase2, and c-Jun showed a negative correlation with the malignant differentiation in liver carcinoma (r=-0.351, P=0.005; r=-0.303, P=0.017; r=-0.302, P=0.017). Heat shock protein70 expression was correlated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase1 (r=-0.385, P=0.002), c-Jun N-terminal kinase2 (r=-0.309, P=0.015) and c-Jun (r=-0.302, P=0.017). Expression of heat shock protein70, as well as c-Jun N-terminal kinase1, was correlated with recurrence-free survival after the resection. Heat shock protein70 was associated with prognosis (P=0.004). CONCLUSION: Expression of heat shock protein70 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-related proteins might be an indicator of malignant potential in liver carcinoma. The balance between heat shock protein70 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-related protein may increase the stability of liver cancer cells in stress. Negative expression of heat shock protein70 might be a protective factor of recurrence of liver carcinoma.     

Heat shock protein-56 is induced by cardiotrophin-1 and mediates its hypertrophic effect.

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is an interleukin-6 family cytokine with known protective and hypertrophic effects in the heart. Previous studies have shown that CT-1 treatment increases heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) levels in cardiac cells. Due to the known protective effects of hsp90 and hsp70, induction of these proteins may be involved in the protective effects of CT-1.We show here that heat shock protein 56 (hsp56), also known as FK506 binding protein 59 (FKBP59), is induced by CT-1 treatment at both the mRNA and protein levels. It has been demonstrated previously that, unlike hsp70 and hsp90, hsp56 overexpression does not protect cardiac myocytes against stressful stimuli. The other known effect of CT-1 is hypertrophy, an increase in cell size without cell division, which occurs in many cardiac pathologies. We investigated the role of hsp56 in the hypertrophic response of primary neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, using overexpression with transiently transfected plasmid vectors and Herpes viral vectors. Overexpression of hsp56 caused a significant increase in cardiac cell size and protein:DNA ratio. Hsp27, hsp70 and hsp90 overexpression had no effect on cell size. An antisense construct to hsp56 reduced hsp56 levels when transiently transfected and blocked the hypertrophic effect of CT-1. This is the first time that a hypertrophic effect has been demonstrated for a heat shock protein and demonstrates that CT-1-induced hypertrophy involves a specific hsp, which is not involved in its protective effect.