城市污泥重金属监测控制

分析了城市污泥的污染特性和其对生态环境的影响与危害。利用扫描电镜，x荧光分析仪，原子吸收光谱等现代分析技术对上海某城市污水处理厂污泥中复杂的化合物的形貌及无机化合物的物种进行了综合分析，确定了痕量重金属的存在状态，为控制、处理和资源化污泥提供理论依据。     

酸化污泥中重金属在电动力作用下的去除率研究

分析了长沙市某污水处理厂污泥中重金属分布.对污泥样品用HNO3进行酸化处理,酸化后pH值为3.2、1.9.分析了酸化处理后Cd、Zn、Cu在污泥中的形态分布.重点研究了酸化污泥中的Cd、Zn、Cu在电动力作用下的去除率.酸化污泥在电动力的作用下,经过5 d后,Cd、Zn的去除率明显提高,Cu的去除率提高相对较少.针对我国污泥中Zn含量较高的特点,提出在污泥厌氧消化处理时,同时用电动力处理污泥中的重金属,可大大提高重金属的去除率.     

动电技术修复城市污泥中重金属的研究

对动电技术的基本原理(包括电渗透、电迁移、扩散作用、电泳和电解反应)作了详细地介绍,分析了影响动电技术修复污泥中重金属的主要因素,包括电解液的组成和pH值、污泥性质、元素的化学性质和存在形态、电压、电流与电极等。探讨了动电技术修复污泥中重金属的可行性,并在此基础上对动电技术应用于修复污泥重金属的前景作出展望。     

城市污泥中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素对环境的污染及对内分泌的干扰作用已引起世界各国的广泛关注.该文论述了城市污泥中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究进展,并针对目前存在的问题,提出了防治措施及研究重点.     

马尾藻中几种金属元素含量及存在形态测定

以马尾藻为原料,采用不同的溶剂进行提取,分别得到脂溶性组分、水溶性组分、酸溶性组分、碱溶性组分和残渣组分;利用原子吸收分光光度法测定其中Ca、Zn、Mg、Pb、Cd等5种金属元素的含量。结果表明:所测定的5种元素中,Ca在马尾藻中含量最高,而Pb含量最低;上述金属元素在马尾藻中以多种形态共存。     

城市污泥中重金属的去除方法研究进展

简述了全国范围内污泥中重金属赋存水平以及污泥施用到农田后重金属产生的危害,重点阐述了采用物理、化学、微生物方法去除污泥中重金属,并对这几种方法的去除效率、处理成本以及环境安全性进行了比较,最后展望了今后进一步研究的发展方向和工作重点。     

施用城市污泥对土壤中重金属积累和迁移的影响

目的 了解城市污泥农用后土壤重金属的积累和迁移。方法 于1998年分不同季节，从苏州、无锡、常州3个城市污水处理厂采集污泥样本，用原子吸收光谱仪分析样本中重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Hg、As)含量和不同形态含量，分析污泥农用后土壤重金属积累及迁移特性。结果 城市污泥重金属含量远高于土壤背景值，3城市污泥中Zn含量均超标，分别达到1199，00、784．00、1216．00mg／kg。长期施用能导致土壤重金属积累。污泥中重金属具有一定的活性和潜在迁移性。结论 城市污泥农用可能会导致土壤和生物体重金属积累，存在着一定的环境重金属积累风险。     

深圳某海鲜市场所售牡蛎体内重金属含量及评价

目的了解深圳某海鲜市场所售牡蛎中重金属含量,以便更好地开展卫生质量监控。方法采集深圳某海鲜市场中牡蛎,测定牡蛎中5种重金属（Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg及无机As）含量,根据无公害食品水产品有毒有害物质标准限量对牡蛎的食用安全性进行评估。结果所检牡蛎中Cd含量均高于无公害水产品质量安全标准,含量范围在1．04～2．24mg／kg之间,而Pb、Cr、无机As、Hg4种重金属的含量均低于安全标准。结论深圳某海鲜市场所售牡蛎重金属Cd含量均超标,卫生质量欠佳。     

动电技术去除城市污泥中重金属的研究概况

介绍了动电技术去除重金属的基本原理和常见的几种动电技术工艺,并总结了动电技术处理城市污泥中重金属的应用研究概况。     

水体中重金属离子的形态及其对生物富集影响

详细介绍了水体中重金属离子形态的划分方法 ,阐述了重金属形态与生物富集的关系及其影响因素 ,指出该研究领域目前亟待解决的问题     

白龙港深度脱水污泥集装化运输陆运方案比较研究

针对上海市白龙港污水处理厂深度脱水污泥的集装化运输,提出了3种不同的陆运方案,并对建设周期、设备投资、人员配置、运行经济性、工程验证、以及现有生活垃圾集装化运输的影响等进行了综合分析。工程验证结果表明:推荐采用集装箱竖式装料、竖式短驳车和运输车进行短驳和运输的方案2,不仅人员配置少,且对现有生活垃圾集装化运输无影响。     

污水厂污泥在天津滨海地区盐渍土改良上的应用前景分析

根据天津滨海地区盐渍土的特点,对比不同的材料后认为,城市污泥堆肥是用于盐渍土改良的理想材料。分析了天津经济技术开发区污水厂污泥堆肥在开发区内盐渍土改良的可行性,并对可能产生的问题提出了相应的对策。     

污泥低温热解制油的影响因素

介绍了污泥低温热解制油技术,并对不同污泥低温热解制油进行了实验研究.结果表明:不同污泥由于其元素构成有所差别,其产油率亦有所不同.污水污泥的产油率高于易腐烂垃圾,活性污泥的产油率最高,油漆污泥和消化污泥次之.低温热解制油技术的操作条件对产油率也有不同程度的影响,产油率随着热解温度的升高而增加,随着停留时间的增加而减少.     

Heavy Metals in Fish from Lakes in Latvia: Concentrations and Trends of Changes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of heavy metal contamination of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from inland waters in Latvia. The level of metal (Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni, Mn, Zn, Fe) accumulation in fish tissues (muscle, liver, and gills) relative to contamination level, gender, age, and tissue type were studied in fish samples from 14 bog (dystrophic) lakes and 23 lakes of different trophic status. Samples from some sites in the vicinity of the largest cities had significantly increased metal levels. In contrast, fish tissues from bog lakes had very low metal levels, possibly because of the high concentrations of natural organic matter in these waters.     

Levels of Heavy Metals Pollution in Different Types of Soil of Central Greece

This investigation was performed in order to clarify the degree of heavy metals pollution in forest, agricultural and industrial surface soil samples in relation to pre-anthropogenic soils of Almyros region, in Central Greece. In 2004 and 2005 soil samples were collected and analysed for available (DTPA method) and total (Aqua Regia method) Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations. For each metal the enrichment factor with respect to the levels in pre-anthropogenic soils was calculated. All the types of soils appeared to be less polluted than in other investigations. In agricultural and industrial soils the available Cd concentration was higher than the other metals studied. The enrichment factor of Cu in relation to total concentration has the maximum value of the metals studied. Professor Mitsios is deceased.     

Analysis of Several Heavy Metals in Wild Edible Mushrooms from Regions of China

The metal (Cu, Ni, Cd, Hg, As, Pb) contents in wild edible mushrooms collected from three different sites in China were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. All element concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. A total of 11 species was studied, five being from the urban area and six from rural areas in China. The As content ranged from 0.44 to 1.48 mg/kg. The highest As content was seen in Macrolepiota crustosa from the urban area, and the lowest in Russula virescens from rural areas. A high Ni concentration (1.35 mg/kg) was found in Calvatia craniiformis from the urban area. The lowest Ni level was 0.11 mg/kg, for the species R. virescens and Cantharellus cibarius. The Cu content ranged from 39.0 to 181.5 mg/kg. The highest Cu content was seen in Agaricus silvaticus and the lowest in C. cibarius. The Pb content ranged from 1.9 to 10.8 mg/kg. The highest Pb value was found in C. craniiformis. The Cd content ranged from 0.4 to 91.8 mg/kg. The highest Cd value was found in M. crustosa. The Hg content ranged from 0.28 to 3.92 mg/kg. The highest Hg level was found in Agaricus species. The levels of the heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Hg in the studied mushroom species from urban area can be considered high. The metal-to-metal correlation analysis supported they were the same source of contamination. High automobile traffic was identified as the most likely source of the contamination. Based upon the present safety standards, consumption of those mushrooms that grow in the polluted urban area should be avoided.     

中国主要城市蔬菜重金属污染格局的初步分析

通过分析各主要城市蔬菜重金属污染监测数据 ,总结了全国蔬菜重金属污染的现状。按地理位置划分 ,南方地区蔬菜重金属污染较北方严重 ,而其中又以Cd的污染形势最为严峻 ;不同蔬菜种类的污染程度顺序为 :叶菜类 >茄果类 >豆类 >瓜果类。     

Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments in Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River,China

The heavy metal pollution and their fractionations in the surface sediments of Yellow River in Lanzhou Reach was monitored for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The mean sediment concentrations (in μg/g dry weight) ranged from 13.68–48.11 (As), 26.39–77.66 (Pb), 89.80–201.88 (Zn), 41.49–128.30 (Cr), 29.72–102.22 (Cu), and 773.23–1459.69 (Mn). Spatial distribution showed that each heavy metal concentration remained almost constant in this reach. Correlation coefficients indicated that metals were not strongly associated with sediment sand content or organic carbon content (f_oc). Labile fractions (exchangeable + carbonate + Fe–Mn oxide) had no significant correlations with sand content or f_oc, either. Results from the present study are useful for understanding heavy metal distributions in a torrential river sediment environment.     

Heavy metal concentrations in soils as determined by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), with special emphasis on chromium

Soil is unanimously considered as one of the most important sink of heavy metals released by human activities. Heavy metal analysis of natural and polluted soils is generally conducted by the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) on adequately obtained soil extracts. Although in recent years the emergent technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied widely and with increasing success for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of a number of heavy metals in soil matrices with relevant simplification of the conventional methodologies, the technique still requires further confirmation before it can be applied fully successfully in soil analyses. The main objective of this work was to demonstrate that new developments in LIBS technique are able to provide reliable qualitative and quantitative analytical evaluation of several heavy metals in soils, with special focus on the element chromium (Cr), and with reference to the concentrations measured by conventional ICP spectroscopy. The preliminary qualitative LIBS analysis of five soil samples and one sewage sludge sample has allowed the detection of a number of elements including Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Si, Ti, V and Zn. Of these, a quantitative analysis was also possible for the elements Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn based on the obtained linearity of the calibration curves constructed for each heavy metal, i.e., the proportionality between the intensity of the LIBS emission peaks and the concentration of each heavy metal in the sample measured by ICP. In particular, a triplet of emission lines for Cr could be used for its quantitative measurement. The consistency of experiments made on various samples was supported by the same characteristics of the laser-induced plasma (LIP), i.e., the typical linear distribution confirming the existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition, and similar excitation temperatures and comparable electron number density measured for all samples. An index of the anthropogenic contribution of Cr in polluted soils was calculated in comparison to a non-polluted reference soil. Thus, the intensity ratios of the emission lines of heavy metal can be used to detect in few minutes the polluted areas for which a more detailed sampling and analysis can be useful.     

Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Black Tea Varieties Consumed in Saudi Arabia

The metal contents (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co) of 17 black tea samples were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Among the investigated metals Mn was the highest (1,071.7 microg/g), whereas Pb showed minimum levels (0.30 microg/g). Iron was the second highest element found in black tea samples. Lowest Pb concentration (0.30 microg/g) was found in Abu Jabal tea; whereas maximum (2.2 microg/g) was found in Manasul tea. Lowest Cd concentration was found in Lipton whereas maximum level was observed for Al-Diafa tea. The concentrations of Co and Zn in the analyzed samples were in the range of 4.5-17.4 and 23.7-122.4 microg/g, respectively. Metal-to-metal correlation studies showed strong correlations between iron-chromium, iron-cadmium and lead-copper pairs. The data obtained in the present work compared well with the counterpart data reported internationally. Based upon the present safety standards, the tea versions selected in the present study were found to be safe for human consumption.