胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头和壶腹周围癌

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头和壶腹周围癌上海市金山县中心医院外科（２０１５００）胡军，金庆丰胰十二指肠切除术是治疗可切除胰头和壶腹周围癌的首选手术方式。近年来一些文献报告手术并发症和死亡率有所降低，但仍偏高。我们自１９７７年１月～１９９１年１２月，对３７...     

改良胰十二指肠切除术治疗16例胰头及壶腹周围癌疗效观察

对16例可切除胰头及壶腹周围癌行保留幽门的改良胰十二指肠切除术进行分析。结果表明，与传统术式相比，改良胰十二指肠切除术不仅缩短了手术时间，而且还改善了病人术后营养状况，减少术后并发症的发生。同时5年和3年生存率分别为18．7％和31．2％，与传统方法相近。因此，对肿瘤较小的胰头及壶腹周围癌，宜首选保留幽门的改良胰十二指肠切除术。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头及壶腹周围癌41例体会

目的：探讨如何减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症及提高胰头及壶腹周围癌的疗效。方法：总结我院41例胰头及壶腹周围癌患者行胰十二指肠切除术治疗的经验。结果：癌肿切除率为17.7％，手术并发症发生率为26．8％．手术死亡率为14．6％。而1990年后仅发生2例且无胆、胰瘘发生，亦无死亡。结论：应用胰肠、胆肠吻合口处双管减压引流，防止了术后胰、胆瘘的发生，是降低并发症及死亡率的重要手段。     

壶腹周围癌胰十二指肠切除术预后因素

胆总管下端、壶腹、十二指肠乳头及胰头的恶性肿瘤因为临床表现相似,临床上统称壶腹周围癌。壶腹周围癌的早期诊断和治疗方面一直存在困难,唯一可能治愈的方法是手术切除,如胰十二指肠切除术（pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD）。肿瘤根治术后整体长期存活率是外科医牛所共同关注的问题。就PD术预后而言,壶蝮部癌及十二指肠乳头部癌最高,远端胆管癌次之,胰头癌最差。对于壶腹周旧癌行PD术后存活率的相关因素,得到公认的包括肿瘤病理来源、细胞分化程度、TNM分期等。而近年国内外在该方而又有了深入研究,现就壶腹周围癌PD术后预后相关因素的研究进展综述如下。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围癌19例体会

胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围癌１９例体会张少宏，全主见，向军章，向才来，朱为尧，钱秋炳我们自１９７８～１９９５年共收治壶腹部周围癌４０例，其中通过近年来改进探查切除的方法和应用新的胰空肠吻合技术与血管外科技术治疗１９例，提高了切除率，减少了胰瘘等并发...     

胰头及十二指肠第二段切除术治疗壶腹周围肿瘤四例

目的研究胰头十二指肠第二段切除术的临床应用。方法对4例胰头十二指肠第二段切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组包括3例良性和1例低度恶性病变。平均手术时间417min,术中平均输血量533ml,平均住院时间28.6d。无手术死亡和近期严重并发症,仅出现1例术后胃排空延迟。随访6～36个月,4例患者现均存活。出现轻度脂肪泻伴消瘦1例;无新发糖尿病和严重的胃肠道症状。1例潜在恶性十二指肠间质瘤患者,随访26个月无局部复发或转移征象。结论对于壶腹周围的良性和某些低度恶性病变,胰头十二指肠第二段切除术是一种较为理想的治疗手段。     

壶腹周围癌合并糖尿病胰头十二指肠切除术后糖代谢功能的变化

我院于2000年1至2003年6月收治的行胰头十二指肠切除术患者共104例，有15例术前血糖增高（占14.4％）。现将胰头十二指肠切除术前后对血糖代谢的观察报告如下。     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围癌45例分析

目的:总结保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术(PPPD)治疗壶腹周围癌的疗效。方法:采用PPPD治疗的壶腹周围癌45例进行回顾性分析。结果:45例均痊愈出院。并发胰瘘、腹腔感染1例,应激性胃溃疡出血1例,切口感染2例,胃排空障碍4例。并发症发生率为17.8％。术后1、3、5年存活率分别为97.3％、62.1％、28.6％。结论:PPPD具有操作简便、术后并发症率和死亡率低的优点,可提高病人的生存质量,是治疗壶腹周围癌切实可行的方法。     

胰十二指肠切除在治疗85例壶腹周围癌的经验

目的 探讨对壶腹周围肿瘤施行胰十二指肠切除术的经验。方法 回顾性总结施行胰十二指肠切除术85例的临床资料,分析壶腹周围癌的早期诊断、手术方式,即标准胰十二指肠切除(SPD)保留幽门胰十二指肠切除(PPPD)和扩大胰十二指肠切除术(EPD)。全组病例消化道重建采用Child术式,空肠-胰腺端端套入法。结果 ①全组病例经病理确诊,其中胰头癌37例,乏特壶腹癌26例,胆管下段癌19例,十二指肠癌3例。胰周淋巴转移率为32.56％。②并发症:全组无术中死亡。术后并发上消化道出血3例(3.49％),肺部感染3例,胃排空障2例(2.33％),伤口、腹腔感染3例,术中大出血1例,胆瘘1例,多器官功能衰竭死亡1例。③生存率:全组病例获得随访,1、3、5年生存率分别为75.62％、34.64％、13.53％。结论 ①早期诊断是提高壶腹周围癌手术切除率和生存率的关键。强调对高危人群的检测、肿瘤标记物检查、早期B超、CT、螺旋CT三维成像等检查有助于早期诊断。②合理选择手术病例和方式,作者认为胰头癌原则上行PD,壶腹癌、胆管下段癌、十二指肠癌可考虑行PPPD,适当选择侵犯SMV-PV的病例施行EP手术是安全可行的。③预防胰瘘是降低PP病死率的关键。④做好围手术期处理是提高PP疗效的重要措施。     

The analysis of diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy for 105 periampullary carcinoma cases

Aim: To investigate the ways in which to decrease the morbidity of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy and corresponding therapy. Methods: Double-layered end-to-side duct-to-mucosa anastomosis was applied in 105 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreaticoenteric reconstruction, postoperative pancreatic fistula cases were treated aggressively by early surgery, effective drainage and enteral nutrition. Results: Ten cases of pancreatic fistula occurred among 105 operative cases and required reoperation. The rest of the cases recovered uneventfully, except for five cases of in-hospital death. Conclusion: Aggressively early surgery, effective drainage, comprehensive treatment and continual improvement of operative technique are the key to dealing with postoperative pancreatic fistula.     

Reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Potentially resectable periampullary tumours may not be treated appropriately due to lack of local expertise in both assessment of resectability and resection in referring centres. Tata Memorial Hospital is a major referral centre for oncology and these patients are finally referred to this institution. In carefully selected patients, resection can be accomplished. The purpose of the present paper was to determine the perioperative morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy at a major comprehensive cancer centre. METHODS: Between January 1991 and December 2001 15 patients, who had undergone previous non-resectional surgery for operable periampullary carcinoma, underwent re-exploration. The perioperative morbidity and mortality were analysed and compared with that of the group of patients undergoing primary pancreaticoduodenectomy (143 patients) in the same period. RESULTS: All the 15 patients undergoing re-exploration had a successful resection by pancreaticoduodenectomy. In the reoperative group eight patients (53%) underwent classic pancreaticoduodenectomy and seven patients (46%) had a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, as compared to 102 (71%) and 41 (29%) patients in the primary surgery group, respectively. Although the mean operative time and the estimated blood loss were higher in the reoperative group, the morbidity and mortality rates were similar in the two groups. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 6.6% and 6.9% in the reoperative and the primary surgery group, respectively. Major morbidity occurred in two of the 15 patients (13.3%), and one patient (6.6%) died following surgery in the reoperative group. CONCLUSION: Reoperative pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed safely in carefully selected patients with resectable, localized periampullary tumours with similar morbidity and mortality to patients undergoing primary surgery.     

胰头部肿块手术方式选择及评价

胰头部肿块解剖位置特殊,病理类型多样,治疗应采取个体化原则,对于胰头部实性包块,术前应重视肿块型胰腺炎和胰腺癌的鉴别,胰十二指肠切除术是胰头癌的经典术式,关于保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除,扩大淋巴结清扫范围及联合血管切除目前仍无共识,可酌情选用。近年来保留十二指肠的胰头切除术在治疗胰头肿块型胰腺炎中体现出一定优越性。对于术中仍无法区别良恶性者,不必过分强调病理结果,选择胰十二指肠切除术是可以接受,也是值得的。对于胰头部囊性及囊实性肿块,应根据肿瘤大小、位置、病理类型选用假性囊肿内、外引流、单纯摘除、保留十二指肠的胰头切除、胰腺节段切除及胰十二指肠切除术等,注意囊性肿块鉴别诊断,避免误将囊性肿瘤按假性囊肿行内引流术。     

Resection of a cancer developing in the remnant pancreas after a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreas head cancer

We report a rare case of a curative resection performed on a carcinoma developing in the remnant pancreas at 3 years 7 months after a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. A 63-year-old man underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer on November 1999. Because the celiac trunk was occluded by atherosclerosis, an aortohepatic bypass with a saphenous vein graft was performed simultaneously. In May 2003, tumor marker levels increased, and a tumor was detected in the remnant pancreas on computed tomography. There were no findings such as invasion into the surrounding tissue or distant metastasis, and therefore we removed the remnant pancreas in July 2003. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and was limited to the pancreas. Moreover, the anastomotic site of the pancreaticojejunostomy was negative for cancer, and some foci of papillary hyperplasia and goblet cell metaplasia of the pancreatic ductal epithelium, which was thought to be the precursor of the pancreatic cancer, were seen. These findings suggested that the tumor was a second primary cancer developing in the remnant pancreas. This case provided suggestive evidence for the development of pancreatic cancer, and the surgical procedure for a pancreaticoduodenectomy with occlusion of the celiac trunk is discussed.     

老年患者行胰十二指肠切除术临床特征和并发症分析

目的分析行胰十二指肠切除术的老年患者的临床特征和术后并发症的发生情况,探讨老年患者行胰十二指肠切除术的可行性。方法回顾分析2004年至2012年本院94例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,对年龄≥65岁的老年患者进行分析。结果本研究共纳人老年患者43例,中年患者51例,其中老年组术前合并症发生率(60.47%)显著高于青年组(31.37%)(x~2=7.99,P0.05)。两组均以经典胰十二指肠切除、Child法重建消化系为主,分别占83.72%和70.59%。老年组病例术后胆瘘等并发症发生率为30.23%,与青年组术后并发症的发生率(23.53%)相比无明显统计学差异(X~2=0.54,P=0.46)。结论高龄不是胰十二指肠切除术的手术禁忌证。老年患者强调充分的术前准备,术后加强监测和管理,早期及时处理合并症。     

Pancreatic function and rehabilitation after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Postoperative pancreatic function and rehabilitation were monitored in 149 patients who had had reconstruction of the digestive tract by Child's method, out of a total 151 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. The occurrence of peptic ulcer following Child's method may be prevented by the resection of a wider area of the stomach. Because the source of gut hormone secretion is removed by the pancreaticoduodenectomy, the secretion of this hormone is subsequently reduced and thus metabolic abnormalities also occur. If careful attention however, is paid to the maintenance of residual pancreatic function most patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy can be expected to lead reasonably normal lives.     

Clinical experience with duodenum-preserving total resection of the head of the pancreas with pancreaticocholedochoduodenostomy

The results of duodenum-preserving total resection of the head of the pancreas (DpTRHP) in 20 patients were compared with the results of pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenostomy (PpPD), a procedure in conventional use for the treatment of benign diseases, in 19 patients. The mean operative time for DpTRHP was 4.5±0.9 h, this being not significantly different from that for PpPD, whereas the mean intraoperative blood loss with DpTRHP (825±508ml) was significantly less than that with PpPD (1382±798 ml) (P<0.05). The morbidity and mortality rates of patients treated with DpTRHP were 25% and 0%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two surgical treatment groups for these values. The outcome of treatment with DpTRHP was excellent, as was that of PpPD, in terms of the frequency of early gastric stasis, the duration of hospital stay, the patient's capacity for taking food, gaining weight, and working, and the performance status 6 months postoperatively. Thus, DpTRHP, which entails the least extent of resection of the head of the pancreas compared to other currently employed procedures and enables the operator to accomplish reconstruction of the pancreatic and biliary systems without resecting or interrupting the continuity of the digestive tract, was not attended by any serious complications, while, digestive tract function was well preserved, and satisfactory results were produced.     

Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with combined resection of the portal vein and gastrointestinal reconstruction by imanaga procedure for ductal cancer of the head of the pancreas

Twenty-six patients who underwent pyloruspreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) for ductal cancer of the head of the pancreas between 1983 and 1993 were reviewed. Gastrointestinal continuity was restored by the methods of Imanaga (n=21) and Traverso (n=5). Combined resection of the portal vein and/or superior mesenteric vein was performed in 13 patients. Surgical complications occurred in 5 patients, but there were no postoperative deaths. Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 42% of patients. The median survival time for all 26 patients was 13 months. Three patients survived for more than 3 years, and one of them is currently alive without recurrence at 10 years. Differences in survival rates were not apparent between patients who underwent PPPD with and without portal vein resection. Survival rate after PPPD was compared with that after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) performed between 1974 and 1992; the difference was not significant. Patients who underwent noncurative PPPD had a significantly better survival rate than those who underwent noncurative PD (P<0.05). PPPD has improved the quality of life of the resected patients, without reducing survival rate. At present, PPPD by the Imanaga procedure could be the best choice for management of cancer of the pancreatic head.     

胰颈切缘阳性的胰头腺癌行全胰十二指肠切除术的临床疗效

目的 探讨胰颈切缘阳性的胰头腺癌行全胰十二指肠切除术的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年8月至2014年5月福建医科大学附属协和医院收治的15例胰颈切缘阳性的胰头腺癌患者的临床资料.15例患者均先行标准的胰十二指肠切除术,胰颈切缘及胰腺远端1 cm切缘术中病理学检查为阳性,则行全胰十二指肠切除术.通过门诊或电话随访,随访时间截至2014年8月.结果 15例患者均成功施行全胰十二指肠切除术,手术时间为4.0～10.0 h,平均手术时间为6.5h,出血量为300～2 000 mL,平均出血量为800 mL,术后住院时间为13.0 ～35.0 d,平均术后住院时间为22.3 d.术后并发肺部感染3例、腹腔感染2例、低血糖2例,无围手术期死亡,无胆汁漏、胃肠吻合口瘘等.术后予胰岛素、胰酶替代治疗,大部分患者血糖控制良好,无腹痛、脂肪泻等不适,无营养不良.术后平均随访时间21个月(3个月至5年).生存时间＜1年3例、1～2年2例、＞2年5例、＞5年1例,4例随访＜6个月仍生存至随访截止时间.其中5例术后6个月内发生肝转移.结论 全胰十二指肠切除术是胰颈切缘阳性的胰头腺癌达到R0切除的必要术式.     

Early carcinoma in the periampullary region: Report of two cases

Two cases of early carcinoma in the periampullary region detected microscopically are reported. In Case 1, the carcinoma was found in part of an adenomatous polyp resected transduodenally. In Case 2, carcinoma was located within 1 cm from the main pancreatic duct hidden in the surrounding inflammatory tissue of the pancreatic head excised by radical pancreatoduodenectomy. Case 1 survived more than 3 years after the operation and Case 2 more than 5 years without any evidence of recurrence. The practical significance of such early carcinoma is discussed.