153Sm-EDTMP对多发性骨髓瘤及椎体转移癌骨痛的治疗

我们应用153Ｓｍ 乙二胺四甲苯膦酸(ＥＤＴＭＰ)治疗多发性骨髓瘤 (ＭＭ)复发患者 1例及结合外照射治疗单纯椎体转移癌 5例 ,现报告如下。一、资料和方法1 临床资料。ＭＭ复发患者 1例 ,女 ,5 4岁 ,骨痛半个月入院。椎体转移癌患者 5例 ,均经Ｘ线片和 (或 )ＣＴ、99Ｔｃｍ 亚甲基二膦酸 (ＭＤＰ)骨显像证实为单纯椎体骨转移癌患者。其中男 2例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 42～ 6 6岁 ,平均 5 4 4岁。病变位于胸椎 2例 ,腰椎 3例 ,共涉及 10个椎体 ,均表现有不同程度的腰背痛。2 治疗方法。①153Ｓｍ ＥＤＴＭＰ内照射治疗 :每人次静脉注射153Ｓｍ ＥＤ…     

89SrCl联合依班膦酸钠治疗多发性骨转移癌疼痛

目的 观察89SrCl2联合依班膦酸钠治疗多发性骨转移癌疼痛与单独应用依班膦酸钠或89SrCl2治疗的临床疗效。方法84例骨转移癌疼痛患者,分为3个治疗组,其中30例采用89SrCl,联合依班膦酸钠方法,26例采用单纯89SrCl2治疗,28例采用依班膦酸钠治疗。用SPSS13．0统计软件,疗效比较采用行×列表资料的r检验。结果联合治疗组骨痛缓解总有效率为96．6％（29／30）,依班膦酸钠组及89SrCl2治疗组总有效率分别为71．4％（20／28）和73．1％（19／26）。联合用药组与单独用药组治疗后骨痛缓解有效率（X2=7．497）,全身状况Kamofsky评分提高率[80．0％（24／30）与50．0％（14／28）,53．8％（14／26）,X2=35．476]和病灶治疗有效率[47．6％（50／105）与11．2％（11／98）,22．2％（20／90）,X2=6．564]间比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。结论89SrCl2联合依班膦酸钠是治疗骨转移性癌疼痛较为有效和可行的方法。联合用药临床疗效优于单独用药。     

唑来膦酸治疗癌骨转移疼痛疗效观察

目的：观察唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移骨痛及改善活动能力的效果。方法：选择癌骨转移疼痛患者41例，随机分为观察组20例和对照组21例。观察组应用唑来膦酸，1次静脉滴注4rr培；对照组应用帕米膦酸二钠，1次静脉滴注60-90mg。结果：两组镇痛和改善活动能力总有效率分别为90．0％、85．7％和75．0％、71．4％，均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。两组不良反应类似，发热率对照组高于观察组。结论：唑来膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠缓解骨痛、改善活动能力及不良反应类似，但唑来膦酸用药剂量小，给药时间短。     

~(60)Co照射在骨转移癌止痛中效果观察

目的　比较骨转移癌6 0 Co外照射止痛疗效与骨膦及性激素类药物止痛疗效的差异 ,寻求合理的临床止痛方案。方法　 63例骨转移癌患者中 ,2 7例行6 0 Co外照射 ,2 2例以骨膦治疗 ,14例以性激素治疗。结果　疼痛有效缓解率 (CR +PR) ,6 0 Co组为 92 .5 %( 2 5 /2 7) ,骨膦组为81.8%( 18/2 2 ) ,性激素组为 71.4%( 10 /14 )。体力状况改善及疼痛控制时间相比 ,6 0 Co组和骨膦组及性激素组相比较有明显差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　骨转移癌疼痛行6 0 Co照射比性激素及抑制性溶骨性药物 (骨膦 )止痛有效率高 ,可有效缓解晚期癌引起的疼痛 ,改善患者体力状况。     

IgA型多发性骨髓瘤25例的临床特征分析

目的探讨IgA型多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床特征,以提高对该类型多发性骨髓瘤的认识。方法回顾性分析我院2000—2011年收治的25例IgA型多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床资料。结果 (1)IgA型多发性骨髓瘤占所有多发性骨髓瘤的13.2%(25/198),发病中位年龄66(48～82)岁,多见于女性(60%),骨痛、乏力、肾功损害是其主要的首发症状。(2)发生骨事件24例,腰骶部是其主要损害部位,经白蛋白校正后血钙≥2.78 mmol/L 5例。(3)25例患者中,20例进行了血清、尿液轻链水平的测定,其中IgA-κ13例(65%),IgA-λ7例(35%);DS分期:Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期22例;ISS分期:Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期17例。(4)化疗以PD、VADT、M2、MP、LD方案为主,2例患者在达到CR后进行CIK细胞过继免疫治疗,1例患者在达到nCR后进行自体造血干细胞移植,中位随访13月,生存15例。结论 IgA型多发性骨髓瘤诊断时大多处于Ⅲ期,骨事件、肾功损害发生率高,对治疗反应及预后差。     

光动力学疗法治疗进展期食管贲门癌

目的 评价光动力学疗法联合局部注射化疗药物治疗进展期食管贲门癌的疗效.方法 应用光动力学疗法(PDT)治疗食管贲门癌148例,按治疗方法分为单纯PDT组42例和PDT联合局部化疗组106例.对每一患者均先静脉滴注光敏剂癌光啉(PSD-007)3～5 mg/kg,于用药后24、48 h分别以激光照射肿瘤局部.PDT联合局部化疗组除PDT治疗外,于每次激光照射前肿瘤局部注射化疗药物5-FU或平阳霉素.照射2次为1疗程,间隔1月重复治疗.结果 经治疗后多数患者吞咽困难、下咽痛等临床症状不同程度缓解,其中PDT联合局部化疗组吞咽困难的缓解率显著高于单纯PDT组.PDT联合局部化疗组的近期显效率显著高于单纯PDT组,而二组近期有效率则无明显差异.部分病例随访12～36个月,PDT联合局部化疗组的平均生存期较单纯PDT组显著延长.结论 PDT联合局部化疗治疗食管贲门癌的治疗方法安全有效,并能协同提高PDT的治癌效果,有临床推广应用价值.     

不同方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤46例疗效观察

目的:探讨不同方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效.方法:采用沙利度胺联合不同的化疗方案治疗46例多发性骨髓瘤患者,并对这两种治疗方案进行疗效比较.结果:对两组患者的治疗疗效进行比较发现,虽然VAD组得总有效率高于MP组,但是差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而VAD组的部分缓解率(69.57%)明显高于MP组的部分缓解率(39.13%),且差异具有统计学意义.结论:沙利度胺联合VAD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤具有副作用少、耐受性好,方便迅速、价格低廉、疗效显著,值得临床推广使用.     

多发性骨髓瘤全身骨显像与X线检查的对比研究

笔者回顾性分析了 2 3例多发性骨髓瘤 (ＭＭ)患者全身骨显像和Ｘ线检查结果 ,探讨ＭＭ骨显像特点 ,现报道如下。一、资料与方法1.临床资料。经实验室检查及骨髓穿刺证实的ＭＭ患者 2 3例 ,男 19例 ,女4例。年龄 40～ 74岁 ,平均 5 7岁 ,其中12例于化疗前行全身骨显像检查 ,11例为再次住院的化疗患者。2 .仪器与方法。采用ＡＤＡＣＥＰＩＣＳＰＥＣＴ仪 ,配低能高分辨率准直器。患者于静脉注射99Ｔｃｍ 亚甲基二膦酸盐(ＭＤＰ) 1110ＭＢｑ 3ｈ后 ,排空小便 ,全身骨显像按常规操作 ,必要时加作局部放大静息像。患者均于显像前后 1周内摄Ｘ线片…     

经皮骨成形术联合动脉化疗栓塞治疗骨盆骨转移瘤

目的比较经皮骨成形术和经皮骨成形术联合动脉化疗栓塞治疗骨盆骨转移瘤的临床疗效。方法 92例骨盆骨转移瘤患者,按治疗方案分为两组,对照组46例应用经皮骨成形术治疗,观察组46例应用经皮骨成形术联合动脉化疗栓塞术治疗。统计并比较分析两组患者疼痛目测类比评分、Karnofsky功能状态评分、MDA评价。结果 1)两组患者均顺利完成手术治疗; 2)两组患者治疗后的疼痛目测类比评分、Karnofsky功能状态评分均较治疗前改善(P 0. 05),两组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P 0. 05); 3) MDA评价,实验组术后1个月和3个月骨转移瘤客观缓解率为78. 26%和69. 57%,高于对照组的54. 35%和47. 83%,2组比较差异有显著性意义(P 0. 05)。结论经皮骨成形术联合动脉化疗栓塞术对骨盆骨转移瘤的治疗有较好的效果,值得临床推广应用。     

不同方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤46例疗效观察

目的：探讨不同方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效。方法：采用沙利度胺联合不同的化疗方案治疗46例多发性骨髓瘤患者,并对这两种治疗方案进行疗效比较。结果：对两组患者的治疗疗效进行比较发现．虽然VAD组得总有效率高于御组,但是差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而VAD组的部分缓解率（69．57％）明显高于MP组的部分缓解率（39．13％）,且差异具有统计学意义。结论：沙利度胺联合VAD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤具有副作用少、耐受性好,方便迅速、价格低廉、疗效显著,值得临床推广使用。     

Multiple myeloma evaluated with 201Tl scintigraphy compared with bone scintigraphy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of 201Tl chloride scintigraphy in the diagnostic evaluation of 20 patients with multiple myeloma (19/20 patients) or extramedullary plasmacytoma (1/20 patients) in comparison with bone scintigraphy. METHODS: Both 201Tl and bone scintigraphy were performed to obtain planar images on the same instrument. RESULTS: 201Tl scintigraphy showed increased uptake in 15 of 20 patients (75%) and was negative in 5 of 20 patients (25%). In addition, 201Tl scintigraphy of multiple myeloma was more useful in detecting the lesions in 11 of 17 patients and less useful in 6 of 17 patients than bone scintigraphy. CONCLUSION: The combination of 201Tl and bone scintigraphy, compared with bone scintigraphy alone, shows promise in more accurately diagnosing multiple myeloma.     

来那度胺对多发性骨髓瘤患者自体移植造血干细胞采集影响

目的 探讨来那度胺对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者自体移植造血干细胞采集的影响.方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院血液科2015—2020年采集外周血造血干细胞移植的42例MM患者的临床资料.按照年龄将患者分为年龄≤60岁组(n=24)与年龄>60岁组(n=18).按照化疗疗程数将患者分为疗程<6次组(n=27)和疗程≥6次组(...     

Plasma cell neoplasms in the young

Multiple myeloma, a disease of the elderly, is extremely rare in those below 30 years of age. Two patients with multiple myeloma diagnosed at 20 years and 18 years are described. Both presented with extradural cord compression, lytic bone lesions and bone marrow plasmacytosis. One patient received combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy and survived for 14 years. A literature review is presented.     

Upper humeral cortical thickness as an indicator of osteopenia: diagnostic significance in solitary myeloma of bone

Solitary myeloma of bone is a form of plasma cell tumor, histologically indistinguishable from multiple myeloma but characterised by a single bony focus of disease. Most patients respond to local radiotherapy (median survival 10–12 years); however, many (>30%) rapidly develop multiple myeloma (median survival 2–4 years). Currently, no criteria exist for identifying these high-risk patients at the time of diagnosis.We have assessed the prognostic value of clinical features at presentation in 32 patients with solitary myeloma of bone. Only osteopenia at presentation (P<0.000003) and immunoparesis (P<0.00002) proved to be independent, significant prognosticators of decreased survival. Exclusion of patients with osteopenia or immunoparesis at presentation identified a group with an 80%–90% chance of surviving 10 years. Patients with either risk factor had a median survival of only 27 months.Osteopenia was assessed using measurements of combined cortical thickness in the upper humerus. This site has not previously been used, and normal values are presented for a control group (n=413).     

Bone scintigraphy in plasma-cell myeloma. A prospective study of 70 patients

Radiography and scintigraphy were correlated in 70 patients with recently diagnosed, untreated multiple myeloma, including 59 with and 11 without primary lytic bone lesions. A site-by-site comparison showed that scintigraphy was more sensitive than radiography in only 18% of cases, whereas radiography was more sensitive in 38% (p less than 0.001). Patients whose bone scan was as sensitive or more so than the radiograph ("hot" myeloma) had more active disease than those with the "cold" form. Remission was indicated by significant regression or disappearance of scintigraphic abnormalities in 90% of cases. The authors conclude that scintigraphy is not helpful in detecting myelomatous bone lesions, but does have prognostic value for diagnosis and chemotherapy: a positive bone scan indicates initial or residual activity.     

Skeletal surveys in multiple myeloma

Thirty-three patients with multiple myeloma were studied with serial skeletal surveys, serum immunoglobulin levels, and postabsorptive urinary hydroxyproline (Spot-HYPRO) determinations. Twenty receiving chemotherapy were also followed with skeletal surveys in order to evaluate bone response to treatment. A close association was found between skeletal findings and changes in immunoglobulin levels with positive correlation in 71% of the patients. A similar association was found between skeletal disease and Spot-HYPRO level changes in 65%. Five of 12 patients (42%) with partial or complete clinical response to chemotherapy, demonstrated improvement in the appearance of skeletal lesions. Positive correlation between the roentgenographic changes and clinical markers of myeloma as well as therapeutic response, indicates that skeletal surveys are useful and effective in monitoring patients with multiple myeloma.     

Comparative whole-body 201Tl and bone scintigraphies for the detection of bone marrow involvement in multiple myeloma

The objectives of this study were to investigate the role of whole-body 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy in comparison with bone scintigraphy in the detection of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma and to assess the follow-up evaluation using 201Tl-chloride. Twenty-one patients with untreated multiple myeloma were evaluated. 201Tl-chloride images were acquired 10 min (early) and 2 h (delayed) after the injection of 111 MBq 201Tl-chloride. Bone images were acquired 3 h after the intravenous injection of 740 MBq 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP). The 201Tl-chloride scan patterns were classified as normal, diffuse (presence of bone marrow), focal (localized areas of uptake) and diffuse+focal. The bone scan patterns were classified as normal and abnormal. Eight of the 21 patients also underwent 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy after chemotherapy for the evaluation of the therapeutic response. On the early 201Tl-chloride image, two patients showed a normal, 13 a diffuse, two a focal and four a diffuse + focal pattern. On the delayed 201Tl-chloride image, nine patients showed a normal, six a diffuse, four a focal and two a diffuse + focal pattern. Bone scintigraphy showed an abnormal accumulation in only five of the 21 patients. Of the eight patients who underwent follow-up 201Tl-chloride studies, the abnormal diffuse pattern was changed to a normal pattern on post-treatment scintigraphy in three, and the degree of abnormal 201Tl-chloride accumulation decreased in comparison with the pre-treatment scan in three. These six patients were considered to be in clinical remission. In the two remaining patients, the degree of abnormal 201Tl-chloride accumulation increased in comparison with the pre-treatment scan, and they were considered to be in clinical progression. 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy is a non-invasive tool, which may be more useful than bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, and may be helpful in the follow-up of multiple myeloma.     

Combined use of 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-V-DMSA in the assessment of chemotherapy effectiveness in patients with multiple myeloma.

This study determined the role of the combined use of (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (V-DMSA) scintigraphy in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: In 20 patients with multiple myeloma who had received or were receiving chemotherapy, (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-V-DMSA scanning was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy. RESULTS: In group A (11 patients with active disease), 42 (99m)Tc-sestamibi-positive lesions were found. Thirty-seven of those lesions were also positive for (99m)Tc-V-DMSA uptake, as were 16 additional lesions (nonactive) (NAL). Thus, in group A, the total number of positive lesions (TPL) detected was 58 and the NAL/TPL ratio was 16:58. In group B (9 patients in remission), 5 (99m)Tc-sestamibi-positive lesions were found. A further 22 lesions were also positive for (99m)Tc-V-DMSA uptake. Thus, in group B, the NAL/TPL ratio was 22:27. Therefore, the NAL/TPL ratios considered to represent effectively treated lesions were 27.6% and 81.5% for groups A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combined use of the 2 agents allows the effectiveness of chemotherapy to be evaluated through a comparison of NAL and TPL multiple myeloma lesions even in the absence of a baseline study.     

Multidetector CT of the spine in multiple myeloma: comparison with MR imaging and radiography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare multidetector CT (MDCT) of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine with MR imaging and conventional radiography for bone lesion detection and for evaluating the risk of vertebral fracture in multiple myeloma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with multiple myeloma stage III (according to the criteria of Durie and Salmon) underwent MDCT, conventional radiography, and MR imaging of the lumbar and thoracic spine. MDCT was performed using a standard protocol with no contrast material. Source images were reconstructed using an effective slice thickness of 3 mm with an overlapping reconstruction increment (0.8 mm). Secondary coronal and sagittal multiplanar reformations were exclusively used for establishing the diagnosis. Findings were compared with those of MR imaging and conventional radiography. RESULTS: In all patients, coronal and sagittal multiplanar reformations depicted the extent of osseous destruction and provided detailed information about osseous infiltration and potential bone instability. Compared with conventional radiography, an additional 24 affected vertebrae, 15 additional vertebral fractures, and six vertebrae at further risk of fracture were detected on MDCT. Compared with MR imaging, three additional endangered vertebrae were detected on MDCT. MR imaging alone would have lead to an understaging of five (27.8%) of 18 patients. Using combined radiography and MR imaging, disease in three (16.7%) of 18 patients would have been understaged. CONCLUSION: MDCT seems to be preferable to conventional radiography in evaluating bone destruction in multiple myeloma. In combination with MR imaging, detailed information for staging these tumors is obtained. For the initial staging in patients with multiple myeloma, MDCT in combination with MR imaging seems to be the method of choice.     

CE-T方案治疗老年难治复发性多发性骨髓瘤的临床研究

目的探讨环磷酰胺联合足叶乙苷化疗(CE)并序贯口服沙利度胺(Thal)治疗老年难治复发性多发性骨髓瘤的临床疗效及相关毒副作用。方法给予13例老年难治复发性MM患者CE方案化疗:环磷酰胺(CTX)300mg/m2,d1～3;足叶乙苷(VP-16)75mg/m2,d1～3。每四周重复,化疗间歇期序贯口服沙利度胺50～75mg,2次/d。4～6疗程后根据患者M蛋白、骨髓浆细胞数、血常规、免疫球蛋白、生化等评价疗效及毒副反应。结果CR1例(7.69%),PR7例(53.85%),SD3例(23.08%),PD2例(15.38%),总缓解率61.54%,且毒副作用较轻。结论CE方案化疗序贯口服沙利度胺疗效确切,毒副反应轻,是治疗难治复发性MM的较为合适的方案,值得临床推广。