18F-FDGPET/CT显像在肠道肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的探讨2-氟-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT显像在肠道肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析176例患者全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查肠道异常的结果。PET/CT检查先为常规扫描,然后对肠道病变异常部位行延迟显像,个别患者在口服2%优维显后行延迟显像。所有PET/CT融合图像、PET图像和CT图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析,并检测病变大小、最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)及分析病变的CT征像。结果 176例PET/CT显像中PET均显示肠道高代谢,其延迟显像PET/CT结果经内镜、手术病理和临床随访证实,诊断肠道肿瘤的灵敏度为92.86%(13/14),特异度为97.53%(158/162),假阳性率为2.47%(4/162),假阴性率为7.14%(1/14),准确率为97.16%(171/176)。有7例肠道恶性病变首先由PET/CT18F-FDG检出,9例同时检出转移。152例肠道生理性摄取所致高代谢患者中,SUVmax值为1.8~4.0,延迟显像后肠道条形浓聚明显变淡或消失。14例恶性肠肿瘤早期SUVmax值为3.0~10.49,延迟显像后均增加(P=0.03),10例良性肠道病变SUVmax值为2.66~6.9,延迟显像后7例(70%)表现为SUVmax值不同程度下降,3例(30%)SUVmax增加(P=0.03)。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT早期显像和延迟显像技术在肠道肿瘤诊断中具有重要临床价值。     

原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤的^18F-FDG PET/CT显像特征

目的：分析原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤^18F-FDG PET/CT显像特征。方法：回顾性分析20例经病理证实的原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤（恶性淋巴瘤5例,脂肪肉瘤4例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,间质肉瘤、腺癌及神经母细胞瘤各2例,纤维肉瘤及恶性嗜铬细胞瘤各1例）^18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料。观察不同肿瘤^18F-FDG PET/CT显像特征,测量肿瘤最大径及最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）。结果：20例原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤中,18例形态不规则,15例边界不清,14例^18F-FDG摄取不均匀,2例可见远处转移。肿瘤最大径为2.3-28.1 cm,平均（9.3±6.7）cm;SUVmax为3.2-32.7,平均12.9±8.1。结论：原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤的^18FFDG PET/CT表现具有一定特征,有助于临床诊断。     

评价双时相18F-FDG PET/CT显像对肺结节临床诊断的价值

[摘要] 目的：评价双时相18F-FDG PET/CT显像肺部病灶标准摄取值（Standardized uptake value,SUV）、病灶体积和病灶糖酵解（Lesion glycolysis,LG）变化率在肺结节诊断中的临床价值。资料和方法：31例患者行双时相18F-FDG PET/CT显像（常规显像是在注射18F-FDG后60 min,延迟显像是在注射18F-FDG后120 min开始扫描）。男25例,女6例。年龄（57.90±13.38）岁。肺部良性病灶12例（炎症4例、肺结核8例）,肺腺癌和鳞癌15例,肺转移性肿瘤4例。所有患者的数据选择SharpIR+VUE HD+TOF（Time of flight,TOF）重建PET图像。采用GE PET VCAR工具获得病灶最大SUV（SUVmax）和平均SUV（SUVav）、体积和LG的值以及变化率。结果：双时相18F-FDG PET/CT显像在炎症、肺结核、炎症+肺结核、原发肺癌和肺转移性肿瘤延迟显像中,肺部病灶SUVmax、SUVav均具有不同程度增加,SUVmax增加的程度大于SUVav;炎症SUVmax和SUVav增加程度最高为17.97%,而原发性肺癌增加程度最低为2.62%。但是病灶的体积和LG却是既有增高也有降低。肺结核组患者的体积降低最明显,为-35.4%,原发性肺癌LG降低最明显,为-19.00%。结论：采用双时相18F-FDG PET/CT显像,病灶SUVmax和SUVav变化率并不能鉴别肺部病灶的良恶性,病灶体积和LG变化率有潜力提高对肺结节诊断的准确性,以实现对肺癌早期诊断的目的。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在甲状腺病变的应用：与病理对比分析

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在甲状腺病变中的应用意义。方法：回顾性分析经病理明确诊断的28例甲状腺病变的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学资料,男13例,女15例,年龄25～84岁,术后病理26例,穿刺病理2例,其中10例患者甲状腺有2个或多个病变,共包括8个恶性病变、31个良性病变。结果：8个恶性病变中7个甲状腺癌均表现为局灶性FDG代谢增高,1个淋巴瘤累及甲状腺病灶表现为弥漫性FDG代谢增高;31个良性病变中5个PET和CT均未显示,17个PET显示阴性、CT显示形态学改变,9个PET和CT均显示阳性改变;9个FDG代谢高摄取的良性病变包括2个结节性甲状腺肿、2个滤泡性腺瘤、2个慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎、1个腺瘤样增生、1个甲状腺慢性炎症、1个亚急性甲状腺炎;甲状腺癌SUVmax与病灶最大径不相关（P=0.069）、与病灶平均密度也不相关（P=0.495）;FDG高代谢摄取的8个恶性病变和9个良性病变其SUVmax无统计学差异（P=0.134）;8个恶性病灶、31个良性病灶其钙化发生率无统计学差异（P=0.088）,但沙粒样钙化的发生率却有显著统计学差异（P=0.038）。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT单纯依靠SUV值不能鉴别甲状腺良、恶性病变,CT显示沙粒样钙化对甲状腺癌具有高度提示价值;FDG阴性摄取及FDG弥漫性摄取的甲状腺病变为良性可能性大,甲状腺局灶性FDG摄取灶为恶性病变的概率较大,前两者需建议超声随访,而后者需建议超声引导下抽吸活检。     

骨肉瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像的影像学特征及其预后分析

目的:探讨分析骨肉瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像的影像学特征及其预后。方法:将我院2016年4月-2017年2月收治的35例骨肉瘤患者作为实验对象,对所有患者实施18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查,分析同机CT扫描图像的影像学特点,使用ROI(感区)技术将患者肿瘤病灶的SUVmax计算出来,分析骨肉瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像的影响预后因素。结果:18F-FDG PET/CT显像的影像学表现为骨质破坏、肿瘤骨、骨膜三角及软组织肿块;肿瘤骨对18F-FDG PET/CT摄取较低,非瘤骨区域或者是软组织肿块对其摄取显著升高;SUVmax是影响预后的独立因素。结论:18F-FDG PET/CT显像实现了骨肉瘤解剖结构改变及代谢变化优势互补,为骨肉瘤诊断及治疗提供了依据。     

PET/CT在食管癌分期诊断中的价值

目的评价18F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌分期诊断中的价值。方法对86例病理已明确证实为食管癌的患者进行PET/CT检查,利用18F-FDG在肿瘤病灶及转移灶中的高代谢原理,分析全身各系统病灶放射性摄取的最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）,对患者进行准确的诊断分析。结果 PET/CT的分期准确率（88.4%）以及区域淋巴结转移检查的敏感性（63.3%）、特异性（83.8%）均较单纯CT高。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT检查对食道癌患者的临床分期和治疗选择具有重要的指导意义。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在肾脏肿瘤诊疗中的应用

目的评价18F-FDG PET/CT在肾脏肿瘤诊断和治疗中的价值。方法对30例CT或MRI确诊或怀疑肾脏肿瘤的患者行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,22例患者行延迟显像。所有肾脏肿瘤均经手术或穿刺活检后病理确诊。评价18F-FDG PET/CT对患者治疗方案的影响。结果 30例中,肾细胞癌(RCC)24例,肾神经内分泌肿瘤1例,淋巴瘤3例,肺癌肾转移1例,肾脏炎性病变1例。PET/CT诊断肾脏肿瘤的灵敏度为89.66%(26/29),特异度为100%(1/1),准确率为90.00%(27/30),阳性预测值为100%(26/26),阴性预测值为25.00%(1/4)。PET/CT检出肾癌伴肾门淋巴结转移2例,远处转移5例。8例(RCC 4例、肾淋巴瘤3例及肾转移癌1例)接受PET/CT后治疗方案发生改变。显像阳性肾癌患者Fuhrman分级高于阴性患者(P<0.05),显像阳性肾癌平均直径大于阴性者(P<0.05)。22例肾癌早期最大标准摄取(SUVmax)值与延迟显像SUVmax值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT可准确显示肾肿瘤患者局部病变及远处转移。对可疑肾淋巴瘤及肾转移瘤患者应行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,以明确分期并寻找原发灶。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在不明原发癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在不明原发癌(CUP)患者中的临床作用。方法选择2018年3月~2019年8月经临床诊断为CUP的121例患者,其中男性79例、女性42例,年龄30~86岁(63±12岁),回顾性分析其全身18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果。本研究的最终诊断均通过病理证实或临床随访证实。结果18F-FDG PET/CT显像成功在121例患者中检出原发性肿瘤59例(49%)。18F-FDG PET/CT显像检测出最常见的原发肿瘤是肺癌(n=31)。1例患者在18F-FDG PET/CT显像中发现两种原发性肿瘤(前列腺癌和结肠癌),肺活检显示此患者为前列腺癌,结肠癌被认为是同步的第二原发肿瘤。11例18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果为假阳性。51例患者在18F-FDG PET/CT显像中未能检测到任何原发肿瘤病灶,其中有11例患者在临床随访中检测到原发肿瘤病灶,因此认为假阴性。18F-FDG PET/CT检测原发性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为84%、78%和82%。结论全身18F-FDG PET/CT显像是检测CUP病灶原发肿瘤的可靠方法。除了发现原发性肿瘤外,还可帮助确定疾病的程度,并有助于患者的临床管理。      

FDG PET/CT显像评价体部恶性肿瘤质子放射治疗疗效

目的：探讨PET/CT显像在体部恶性肿瘤质子放射治疗疗效评价中的临床价值。方法：22例经最终病理检查及临床诊断的恶性肿瘤患者，质子放射治疗前后各行1次18F-FDG PET/CT显像，以最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）的变化来评价质子放射治疗的疗效，并与质子放射治疗后CT等常规影像及临床随访结果进行对比分析。结果：①质子放射治疗前，PET/CT显像共发现22例肿瘤患者46处病灶，SUVmax在6.9~37之间（16.36±9.35），常规影像发现病灶38处。②质子放射治疗后，46处病灶代谢活度均降低，SUVmax降低24%～88%，SUVmax在2.5~24之间（6.64±5.37）。而CT等常规影像显示41%（19/46）肿块消失或缩小，而59%（27/46）的肿块无明显改变。临床随访3~9个月证实经质子放射治疗的46处病灶均得到有效控制。结论：PET/CT显像可以早期、有效地评价恶性肿瘤质子放射治疗的效果。     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的18F-FDG PET/CT表现（附4例报告）

目的：探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿（Eosinophilic granuloma of bone,EGB）的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特征,以提高对本病的认识.方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的4例EGB的临床资料及18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料.结果：4例均为单发病灶,发生于脊柱2例,颅骨及肋骨各1例.18F-FDG PET/CT表现为不同程度的骨质破坏,3例可见软组织肿块形成,18F-FDG摄取增高,SUVmax分别为8.2、15.4、11.2及6.1.结论：EGB的18F-FDG摄取较高,CT表现有助于诊断.     

18F-FDG PET/CT综合分析法在胰腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨利用CT良性征象校正FDG假阳性的PET/CT综合分析方法在胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法胰腺原发良恶性疾患40例,其中胰腺癌27例(手术6例,临床随访21例),急、慢性胰腺炎13例(腹腔镜2例,临床随访11例)。分别用单纯SUV测量法和PET与CT相结合的综合分析法分析,比较两种方法诊断胰腺恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性及准确性。SUV测量法以病灶SUVmax值大于2.5为恶性病变诊断指征,反之为良性。PET/CT综合分析法以PET为主导,CT具有否决权,利用PET/CT融合图像的精确对位,当浓聚热点相应CT表现为明显的良性病变征象时,无论FDG浓聚程度如何,均诊断为良性病变。结果综合分析法对胰腺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性都是100%;单纯SUV测量法敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为96.3%、76.9%、90.0%。结论CT的良性征象,尤其是炎性渗出征象,对FDG假阳性有校正作用,通过这种校正能够提高PET/CT在胰腺癌诊断的特异性和准确性。     

原发性小肠肿瘤的影像学诊断价值

目的 对手术病理证实的原发性小肠肿瘤28例的影像学检查进行分析,探讨影像学检查的诊断价值。方法 28例小肠肿瘤有20例行CT检查,8例行消化道造影检查,7例行ERCP检查,12例行内镜检查,2例行DSA血管造影检查。结果 28例小肠肿瘤中有16例恶性肿瘤、12例良性肿瘤。恶性肿瘤以腺癌及平滑肌肉瘤为多,良性肿瘤以腺瘤及平滑肌瘤为多。其中CT术前诊断正确率为70％(14/20),消化道造影正确率为72％(6/8),ERCP为82％(6/7),内镜为86％(10/12)。结论 影像学检查是小肠肿瘤诊断的重要手段,多种检查方法的结合可提高诊断的正确率。     

水灌肠18F-FDG PET/CT鉴别诊断良恶性结直肠病变

目的 探讨水灌肠PET/CT鉴别结直肠良恶性病变的价值。方法 对常规PET/CT检查发现的45例直肠及乙状结肠局灶性或弥漫性FDG浓聚患者行水灌肠PET/CT显像,与肠镜或术后病理结果进行对照。结果 水灌肠PET/CT扫描后诊断生理性摄取准确率为100%（15/15）;诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度为100%（18/18）,特异度为92.59%（25/27）,准确率为95.56%（43/45）,阳性预测值为90.00%（18/20）,阴性预测值为100%（27/27）。结论 水灌肠PET/CT可有效排除结直肠生理性摄取¹⁸F-FDG,准确鉴别常规PET/CT难以诊断的良恶性结直肠病变。     

FDG PET/CT in the liver: lesions mimicking malignancies

Purpose

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is invaluable in managing liver lesions, in particular in the evaluation of suspected liver metastases. It is both sensitive and specific in detecting liver metastases from a wide range of primary cancers, and may change clinical management, most commonly by detecting additional lesions and decreasing the number of futile surgeries. However, some benign lesions may also show increased metabolic activity which can lead to false positive PET findings. We describe some of these lesions and their imaging characteristics that may help in differentiating them from malignant metastases.

Methods

We reviewed all whole body FDG PET/CT studies performed over a 5-year period in our institution, and identified those with focal liver lesions showing increased FDG uptake for which histological results were available.

Results

A majority of lesions showing increased metabolic activity were due to malignant disease, such as metastases or primary liver tumours. However, we also found increased FDG uptake in non-neoplastic lesions such as Cryptococcosis, abscesses, and secondary inflammation from cholecystitis. Increased metabolic activity was also seen in some benign neoplasms such as hepatic adenomas and hemangioendotheliomas.

Conclusion

FDG PET/CT is currently the most sensitive non-invasive imaging modality for the detection of hepatic metastases, particularly from the gastrointestinal tract. False positive results are rare, and have been described mainly in abscesses. However, other lesions can also show increased metabolic activity, and failure to differentiate these from metastases may result in inappropriate treatment.     

肺转移瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像分析

目的 分析肺转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果 ,以期提高诊断正确率,减少漏诊和误诊. 方法 对68例肿瘤患者肺转移灶的18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果 进行回顾性分析. 结果 68例CT显示阳性病例中,PET显示阳性18例,部分阳性27例,总阳性率为66.18%;阴性23例,占33.82%.CT发现病灶数目575个,PET显示194个,PET检出率为33.74%.FDG有无摄取以及摄取的程度与转移灶大小有明显关系,与原发肿瘤的来源无关.随着病灶增大,PET阳性率和SUV值均明显增高. 结论 18F-FDG PET对肺转移瘤、尤其是单个转移灶的鉴别诊断价值有限.     

18F-FDG分子符合探测成像在肿瘤诊断中的临床价值

目的　探讨18F FDG分子符合探测 (MCD)肿瘤代谢显像应用和评价其临床价值。方法　对经组织学证实的 44例原发性肿瘤、18例转移性肿瘤和 10例肺部良性病变进行氟化脱氧葡萄糖 (18F FDG)MCD显像 ,将显像与组织学结果进行比较分析。结果　 62例肿瘤患者中 ,5 9例FDG影像示单个或多处呈不同程度异常FDG浓聚灶 ,3例未见异常FDG浓聚灶。 10例肺部良性病变FDG影像中 ,3例肺部可见异常摄取增高 ,7例未见异常FDG浓聚影。本组研究的敏感度95 .2 % ,特异性 70 % ,阳性预测值 95 .5 % ,阴性预测值 70 % ,诊断准确率 92 .1%。结论　FDGMCD/AC显像对肿瘤良恶性鉴别、分期和分级、疗效预测和预后判断具有一定优势     

~(18)F-FDG PET显像在诊断消化道良恶性肿瘤和术后随访中的应用价值

目的 通过18F-FDG PET显像在消化道良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断和随访结果,与CT/MR和手术病理结果的对比研究,以评价PET在消化道肿瘤中的临床应用价值。方法 消化道恶性肿块13例(胰腺癌10例,直肠癌2例和肝癌1例)、良性肿块5例和恶性肿瘤(胃癌5例,直肠癌4例和肝癌1例)手术治疗后10例共28例患者进行~(18)F-FDG PET全身显像,采用双盲法将PET诊断结果与同期的CT/MR影像结果进行比较。结果 13例消化道恶性肿块PET和CT/MR均见原发灶病变,10例PET显像结果与CT/MR相同,另外3例胰腺癌患者PET显像见腹腔淋巴结和脊柱转移。5例良性消化道占位性病变PET全身显像均阴性,其中1例病例病理诊断为直肠腺瘤。10例消化恶性肿瘤术后随访中有3例PET阳性结果与CT/MR相同,4例PET全身显像阴性,另外3例PET显像见其他部位病灶。结论 ~(18)F-FDG PET显像对原发性恶性肿瘤的诊断、良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断具较高的准确性和特异性,对恶性肿瘤治疗后随访确认或排除肿瘤残留和复发以及发现全身部位的转移等具有良好的临床应用价值,其对全身转移病灶的定性和定位诊断优于CT/MR。     

Oncological diagnosis using (11)C-choline-positron emission tomography in comparison with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F] fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography.

PURPOSE: To assess and compare the usefulness of (11)C-Choline-positron emission tomography (PET) with that of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-PET for the differentiation between benign and malignant in various tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 38 consecutive patients with various tumors, including seven patients with brain tumors, two with oral cavity tumor, two with esophageal cancer, six with lung cancer, 11 with bone tumor, nine with soft tissue tumors, and one with myeloma. (11)C-Choline-PET and FDG-PET were performed from five minutes and 40 minutes, respectively, after injection of 275-455 MBq tracer. Tracer uptakes were evaluated by the standardized uptake value (SUV) and were analyzed in according to the pathologic data. RESULTS: (11)C-Choline uptake in malignancies (3.9 +/- 1.7, n=24) was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (1.7 +/- 1.2, n=14) (P < 0.0001). On the other hand, the FDG uptake in malignancies was 4.9 +/- 2.0 (n=24) and was also significantly larger than that in benign lesions 1.6 +/- 1.3 (n=14) (P < 0.0001). The (11)C-Choline uptake in all the lesions correlated with FDG uptake (r=0.658, P < 0.02, n=38). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve for (11)C-Choline-PET was 0.871, and with no significant difference compared to FDG-PET with the area of 0.929. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that (11)C-Choline-PET is similar to FDG-PET in differentiation between malignant and benign lesion in various tumors.     

Analysis of adrenal masses by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography scanning

This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of adrenal masses visible in the computerised tomography (CT) scans which have been also evaluated by 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET), and to characterise the features of 18F-FDG PET scans associated with various adrenal endocrine tumours, especially benign functional tumours. 18F-FDG PET scans of 105 patients with adrenal masses on the CT scan were analysed. Positive uptakes in the 18F-FDG PET scans were seen in 60 malignant tumours (54 metastasic lesions, six primary adrenal cancers) and seven benign tumours. The positive predictive value of 18F-FDG PET imaging to characterise an adrenal mass as a malignant tumour was 90%; the corresponding negative predictive value to rule out malignancy was also 90%. Benign adrenal tumours were smaller than that of malignant lesions (p<0.05). The mean standardised uptake value max (SUVmax) of the metastatic lesions [8.4+/-6.5 (microCi/g)/microCi/kg] was significantly higher than that of the benign adrenal tumours [2.4+/-1.2 (microCi/g)/microCi/kg, p<0.001]. Examination of only the primary adrenal lesions revealed that all adrenocortical carcinomas, two of three cases of pheochromocytomas, three of five neuroblastomas and two of four cases of primary aldosteronism showed positive 18F-FDG uptake. In conclusion, for patients presenting adrenal masses with a high probability of malignancy, 18F-FDG PET can be used to differentiate malignant from benign adrenal lesions. However, the 18F-FDG PET uptake did not show an always consistent pattern for endocrine tumours, which was probably due to the variability inherent in 18F-FDG uptake. This study suggests that 18F-FDG PET scanning can offer supporting data to localise and characterise adrenal tumours.