早期胃癌的临床病理学研究

本文总结了我院经内镜及手术病理证实的早期胃癌53例,认为提高对早期胃癌内镜下分型的认识与鉴别水平,重视内镜普查和对癌前病变的随访,可早期发现胃癌,提高早期胃癌术后5年生存率.同时作者还对影响早期胃癌预后的因素进行了分析,认为癌浸润深度和是否有淋巴结转移是影响早期胃癌预后的主要因素.     

早期胃癌内镜诊断进展

胃癌的死亡率位居全球肿瘤死亡率的第二位.早期胃癌(EGC)预后较好,而进展期胃癌预后较差,因此胃癌的早期诊断成为决定患者预后的关键.因目前胃癌的诊断主要依赖于胃镜下活检行组织病理学检查,所以胃镜下如何发现病灶并准确活检是胃癌早期诊断的关键.随着染色内镜、放大内镜、窄带成像内镜、共聚焦显微内镜等检查手段投入临床使用,EG...     

早期胃癌内镜诊断进展

胃癌的死亡率位居全球肿瘤死亡率的第二位。早期胃癌（EGC）预后较好,而进展期胃癌预后较差,因此胃癌的早期诊断成为决定患者预后的关键。因目前胃癌的诊断主要依赖于胃镜下活检行组织病理学检查,所以胃镜下如何发现病灶并准确活检是胃癌早期诊断的关键。随着染色内镜、放大内镜、窄带成像内镜、共聚焦显微内镜等检查手段投入临床使用,EGC的诊断率得到了有效的提高。此文就EGC内镜诊断进展作一综述。     

早期胃癌243例分析

我院1986以来，发现早期胃癌243例(243／18052)，检出率为1．3％，均经手术及病理检查证实，现将其临床及病理特点作一分析。     

早期胃癌内镜诊断现状及进展

目前新型内镜以及内镜下各种新技术的运用,使胃黏膜和黏膜下结构更直观、清晰,早期胃癌的早发现、早诊断有实现的可能.该文就现阶段内镜下早期胃癌诊断现状及进展作一简要综述.     

早期胃癌的诊断早期胃癌的诊断方法

近年来有关早期胃癌（EGC）诊断方法的研究进展迅速，使EGC的检出率明显提高。     

早期胃癌诊治综述

<正>胃癌是世界上最主要的死亡原因之一,每年大概有一百万新发胃癌病例[1-4]。在东亚国家,尤其是中国、日本和韩国,每年胃癌的新发病例在逐年上升[4]。而其病死率位居全球肿瘤死亡率的第2位,在中国则位居消化道恶性肿瘤死亡率的首位[5]。进展期胃癌患者的预后差,平均5年生存率仅15%左右[5],而早期胃癌(early gastric cancer,EGC)预后良好,5年生存率达84%~99%[6]。因此要降低胃     

提高早期胃癌诊断水平的几项关键点

长期以来，胃癌一直是我国发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤。患者就诊晚、临床总体诊断水平欠佳等造成众多病人确诊时已属进展期，且常伴有胃周、腹腔甚至远处转移。自从证实仅浸润黏膜或黏膜下层的早期胃癌预后良好以来，30多年间我国从事胃肠病、外科学和肿瘤学的专业人员努力进取，在早期胃癌的诊断方面开展了大量研究，但因种种原因早期胃癌的诊断率依然很低，早期胃癌手术率〈10％，这与日本的早期胃癌占50％以上相比差之甚远。据统计，日本1975年早期胃癌占所有接受治疗胃癌病例的20．9％，1990年迅速升至43．4％。15年间日本TNM分期中T2的发生率无明显变化，而T4的发生率从22．3％下降至11．1％。2004年以来在日本早期胃癌检诊协会所属医疗机构中，检出的胃癌中超过70％为早期胃癌，约50％的早期胃癌患者接受了内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）或黏膜下剥离术（ESD）。如此高的早期胃癌检出率得益于对无症状的日本人群进行胃癌筛选。     

胃镜诊断早期胃癌 12 例

目的总结胃镜诊断早期胃癌的经验,以提高早期胃癌的诊断率。方法回顾性分析该院2003年以来经胃镜诊断、术后病理证实的12例早期胃癌资料。结果EGC症状体征无特异性,胃镜表现以Ⅱ型为多,胃窦部多发,病灶大小在1.0～2.0cm为多,胃镜检查加病变组织活检能提高其诊断率。结论EGC的检出主要靠胃镜加活检,内镜医师全面细致的检查、掌握EGC内镜下表现及活检技巧,开展内镜新技术可提高检出率。     

早期胃癌放射诊断现状及进展

早期胃癌诊断包括筛查及癌灶质与量的诊断,常用放射学诊断检查方法包括上消化道钡餐（气钡双对比造影）、CT及MR。本文介绍这几种检查方法的诊断现状及进展。     

Endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer: Towards a global understanding

Gastric cancer is widespread globally, and disease diagnosis is accompanied by high mortality and morbidity rates. However, prognoses and survivability have improved following implementation of surveillance and screening programs, which have led to earlier diagnoses. Indeed, early diagnosis itself supports increased surgical curability, which is the main treatment goal and guides therapeutic choice. The most recent Japanese guidelines for endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer consider the degree of endoscopic curability in relation to the characteristics of the gastric lesions. In clinical practice, the management approach for both prevention and treatment should be similar to that of colon lesions; however, unlike the established practices for colorectal cancer, the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways are not shared nor widespread for gastric cancer. Ultimately, this negatively impacts the opportunity to perform an endoscopic resection with curative intent.     

The National Tuberculosis Curriculum Consortium: a model of multi-disciplinary educational collaboration.

The National Tuberculosis Curriculum Consortium (NTCC) seeks to instill knowledge, skills, and appropriate attitudes in the management and control of tuberculosis (TB) among students in the health professions. Unlike other organizations that have produced quality educational materials aimed at practicing clinicians, public health workers, and the general public, the NTCC is primarily focused on undergraduate and graduate education. The NTCC includes geographically disparate faculty from schools of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, respiratory therapy, clinical laboratory sciences, and physician assistant who are experts in the areas of TB, curriculum development, and educational computing. Collaboration occurs through meetings, phone conferences and an innovative web portal that provides a work zone used to develop, organize, and archive products and resources. A critical accomplishment of the Consortium has been the development of core competencies for TB education for graduates in each of the health care disciplines. Those for medical schools are presented in this article. Current NTCC efforts are directed at developing interactive materials for TB education that can be accessed by multi-disciplinary faculty, nationally and abroad. The collaborative effort of the NTCC serves as a model for future endeavors to strengthen curricula, particularly pertaining to health concerns that are best served by multi-disciplinary approaches.     

Minilaparotomy for early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: From the experience of laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy, it was considered that a gastrectomy with lymph node dissection could be performed through a minilaparotomy, placed as for gastroduodenostomy in laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy. METHODOLOGY: Ten patients with early gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy with lymph node dissection via minilaparotomy. Minilaparotomy was performed via a seven-centimeter midline incision placed at the mid-upper abdomen. Two six-centimeter-wide Kent retractors were used to suspend the abdominal wall on each side, and a multipurpose surgical arm to retract the liver. The abdominal wound could be moved horizontally by pulling these retractors to the right or left. This movable wound allowed direct visualization of almost all the operative field for gastrectomy. RESULTS: No operation was converted to a standard open gastrectomy. The patients who had a tumor in the lower third of the stomach underwent complete D2 lymph node dissection. In the patients who underwent pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, near complete D2 lymph node dissection was performed. Mean operation time was 175 minutes. No significant complication was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that minilaparotomy could be used as an alteration to the standard open gastrectomy.     

Towards a molecular approach to gastric cancer management

Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Most patients with gastric cancer present with locally advanced and incurable disease, and overall survival is poor. Considerable research efforts towards the epidemiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer have not been translated into treatment success. We discuss current concepts of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and how recent research advances, in particular global gene expression strategies, may improve this understanding, and suggest a framework wherein these approaches may be used. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 296–303)     

Towards personalized perioperative treatment for advanced gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Although the rate of gastric cancer has declined dramatically over the past decades in most developed Western countries, it has not declined in East Asia. Currently, a radical gastrectomy is still the only curative treatment for gastric cancer. Over the last twenty years, however, surgery alone has been replaced by a multimodal perioperative approach. To achieve the maximum benefit from the perioperative treatment, a thorough evaluation of the tumor must first be performed. A complete assessment of gastric cancer is divided into two parts: staging and histology. According to the stage and histology of the cancer, perioperative chemotherapy or radiochemotherapy can be implemented, and perioperative targeted therapies such as trastuzumab may also play a role in this field. However, perioperative treatment approaches have not been widely accepted until a series of clinical trials were performed to evaluate the value of perioperative treatment. Although multimodal perioperative treatment has been widely applied in clinical practice, personalization of perioperative treatment represents the next stage in the treatment of gastric cancer. Genomic-guided treatment and efficacy prediction using molecular biomarkers in perioperative treatment are of great importance in the evolution of treatment and may become an ideal treatment method.     

早期胃癌的内镜诊断进展

随着内镜技术的发展,不断提高了早期胃癌的诊断率。而胃癌的早期诊断和治疗,将明显改善患者的预后与生存率。该文阐述了窄带成像技术、智能分光比色技术、I-san、共聚焦激光显微内镜、蓝色激光成像等先进手段在早期胃癌诊断中的研究进展。     

早期胃癌的腹腔镜治疗

胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其早期诊断和治疔是提高疗效的关键。早期胃癌是指病变仅限于黏膜及黏膜下层,而不论病变的范用和有无淋巴结转移,早期胃癌术后5年生存率可达94％～96％。1994年日本Kitano报道了首例腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除术治疗早期胃癌,经过10余年的发展,腹腔镜手术在早期胃癌治疗上已经成熟,它与开腹手术近、远期疗效相当,2004年日本胃癌协会将腹腔镜胃癌根治术作为IA期胃癌的标准治疗方案之一。本文重点介绍以下3个方面：①早期胃癌腹腔镜治疗的术式和适应证;②早期胃癌腹腔镜治疗的安全性和根治性评价;③我国早期胃癌腹腔镜治疗的现状和展望。     

农村社区症状性筛选胃癌的临床研究

目的探讨农村地区症状性筛选胃癌,尤其是早期胃癌的重要性和可能性。方法2001年1月至2006年6月间在上海市南汇区航头社区卫生服务中心,对主诉为上腹隐痛饱胀不适的2 717例开展胃镜筛查胃癌研究。结果胃镜活检病理证实食管癌6例（0.22%）,胃癌73例（2.69%）;手术病理证实进展期胃癌66例（占检出胃癌的90.42%）,其中7例未发现转移,59例发现转移;早期胃癌7例（占检出胃癌的9.58%）。结论加强胃癌知识宣传,加强专业人员的技术培训,提高内镜下对早期胃癌的识别能力,农村基层医疗单位亦能检出一定数量的早期胃癌。     

形似良性病变的早期胃癌的临床研究

目的总结形似良性病变早期胃癌临床特点，提高早期胃癌的诊断水平。方法回顾分析2001～2006年我院经手术切除和病理检查证实，且内镜下形态改变类似良性病变的早期胃癌25例。结果25例患者平均年龄为（58．59±9．35）岁，男女患病率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。21例（86．00％）患者有不同程度的临床症状。分化型癌19例，未分化型癌6例。黏膜内癌19例，黏膜下癌6例，均无淋巴结及远处转移。在内镜检查时发现可疑恶性病灶者18例，7例为内镜诊断良性病变由活检病理意外发现，漏诊率28％。有22例次接受色素染色后放大内镜、内镜荧光早期胃癌诊断仪（ISF）、智能电子分光内镜（FICE）检查等内镜精检，内镜精检和常规内镜检查的首次活检阳性率分别为81．8％和52．00％。大体形态以平坦型和凹陷型为主，内镜表现与良性息肉或炎性增生；局部黏膜发红或退色；局部黏膜粗糙或颗粒样或糜烂及良性溃疡相似。结论形似良性病灶早期胃癌易误认为良性病变，常规内镜首次活检阳性率低，应进行内镜精检并积极随访复查，避免延误诊断和治疗。