非小细胞肺癌中LOC146880的表达水平及其临床意义

目的探讨LOC146880在非小细胞中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法收集本院非小细胞肺癌组织标本48例,相应的癌旁组织标本48例,通过问卷调查及收集临床资料,分析患者性别、年龄、肺部疾病史、家族史、吸烟情况、肺癌病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、远处转移情况、肿瘤分期等与LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌中表达的相关性,对比LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达。RT-PCR法检测肺癌组织及癌旁组织中的LOC146880基因表达。结果患者性别、年龄、肺部疾病史、家族史、肺癌病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、远处转移情况、肿瘤分期等对LOC146880的表达无显著影响(P0.05)。吸烟组的LOC146880表达量明显高于不吸烟组,(P0.05); LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达量为(6.045±0.519),在癌旁组织中的表达量为(4.191±0.295),两者比较差异有统计学意义,(P0.05)。结论吸烟可以引起LOC146880高表达;LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达量明显高于癌旁组织。LOC146880有望成为非小细胞肺癌新型诊断标志物和肿瘤治疗的靶点。     

PTEN基因在非小细胞肺癌中表达的临床研究

目的研究PTEN基因在人非小细胞肺癌中表达情况，探讨PTEN基因在人肺癌发生、发展过程中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组化方法检测143例非小细胞肺癌、20例正常肺组织及良性病变中PTEN蛋白表达情况。结果在正常肺组织及肺良性病变组织中无失表达：肺癌组织中失表达率57．34％（82／143），两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．001）；肺癌组织中PTEN基因表达水平与肿瘤细胞分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移程度存在相关性（P〈0．001）；PTEN蛋白失表达组．肺癌患者的术后五年生存率显著低于表达组（P〈0．001）；吸烟组患者PTEN基因失表达率显著高于无吸烟组（P〈0．001）。结论PTEN蛋白失表达与肺癌的发生、发展及预后有关；多因素分析PTEN基因失表达是影响非小细胞肺癌预后的独立因素。     

肺癌前病变、肺癌中FHIT基因表达的临床研究

背景与目的FHIT基因为近年发现的新候选抑癌基因，位于3P14．2跨越FRA3B易脆点，在包括肺癌在内的人类多种肿瘤中均存在异常表达。本研究旨在观察FHIT基因在人肺癌前病变、肺癌中表达情况，探讨FHIT基因在人肺癌发生、发展过程中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组化方法检测298例甲醛固定、石蜡包埋的标本（包括161例肺癌、51例肺癌前病变、30例正常肺组织、23例肺良性病变和33例肺癌转移淋巴结）中FHIT蛋白表达情况。结果FHIT蛋白在正常肺组织及肺良性病变组织中均无失表达；癌前病变组织及肺癌组织中失表达率分别为54．9％（28／51）和59．0％（95／161）：肺癌转移淋巴结组织中FHIT蛋白失表达率78．8％（26／33），各组问比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。肺癌组织中FHIT基因表达水平与肺癌组织学类型、肿瘤细胞分化程度、患者P-TNM分期、淋巴结转移程度存在相关性（P〈0．05）。FHIT蛋白失表达组肺癌患者的术后五年生存率显著低于表达组（P〈0．01）。吸烟组患者FHIT基因失表达率69．1％（94／136）显著高于无吸烟组49．5％（49／99）（P〈0．01）。结论FHIT蛋白失表达可能是肺癌发生过程中的早期分子事件，与肺癌的发生、发展及预后有关；吸烟导致FHIT蛋白表达下降可能是诱发肺癌的原因之一。     

LKB1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨LKB1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达情况及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化方法检测76例非小细胞肺癌中LKB1蛋白的表达情况。结果 LKB1蛋白在肺癌组织及癌旁正常肺组织中均有表达,LKB1在正常肺组织的阳性表达率显著高于癌组织(90.78%vs 65.79%,P<0.01)。LKB1蛋白在肺鳞癌和腺癌组织中的表达无显著性差异。LKB1蛋白在高分化肿瘤中的表达阳性率明显高于中-低分化肿瘤(81.82%vs53.49%,P<0.05)。LKB1蛋白在无淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率明显高于淋巴结转移阳性组(89.29%vs 52.08%,P<0.01)。结论 LKB1蛋白的低表达与肺癌的发生有关,并且影响肿瘤的分化及淋巴结转移,可能影响肺癌的预后。     

COX-2基因mRNA在非小细胞肺癌中的表达

目的 检测非小细胞肺癌COX-2基因 mRNA的表达水平并探讨其临床意义.方法 运用两步法RT-PCR技术检测83例非小细胞肺癌组织和24例支良性非癌肺组织中COX-2 基因mRNA的表达水平.结果 83例肺癌组织中检测出44例(53.01%)阳性,24例非癌肺组织中检测出2例(8.33%)阳性,其中在腺癌表达率67.31%显著高于鳞癌表达率35.48%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005),淋巴结转移组中表达率(65.85%)显著高于无淋巴结转移组(42.86%)(P=0.036).低分化组中表达率(85.00%)显著高于高、中分化组表达率(55.56%)(P=0.018).结论 COX-2基因在肺癌组织与非癌肺组织中mRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),COX-2 表达与肺癌病理类型密切相关,揭示了COX-2 可以作为判断病情和预后评价的指标.     

MACC1、c-Met蛋白在肺癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨肺鳞癌和肺腺癌癌组织中结肠癌转移相关基因(MACC)1和肝细胞生长因子受体(c-Met)的表达及其与临床病理学特征的关系。方法 应用免疫组化检测104例肺癌患者癌组织及癌旁正常肺组织中MACC1与c-Met蛋白的表达情况,分析两者与临床病理学参数的关系。结果 肺癌组织中MACC1阳性表达率[67.30%(70/104)]高于正常肺组织[23.08%(22/104)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=44.906,P<0.05)。肺癌组织中c-Met的阳性表达率[69.23%(72/104)]高于正常肺组织[23.08%(24/104)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=44.571,P<0.05)。肺鳞癌中c-Met的阳性表达率显著高于肺腺癌,吸烟组c-Met的阳性表达率显著高于非吸烟组(P<0.05)。MACC1与病理类型及吸烟史无关。MACC1及c-Met的表达水平与肺癌分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移及术后生存时间均有明显关系;MACC1蛋白与c-Met蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 MACC1与c-Met高表...     

Clusterin在肺癌中的表达及意义

目的通过观察Clusterin在肺癌中的表达,分析其表达情况与病理类型、分化程度和淋巴结转移等的相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学染色法检测Clusterin在16例鳞癌、22例腺癌、10例小细胞癌病理组织切片和10例正常肺组织标本中的表达水平。结果正常肺组织无明显Clusterin表达;小细胞癌中仅见间质细胞偶有表达,肿瘤细胞几乎无表达;非小细胞癌Clusterin表达较高,其中鳞癌阳性表达率为75.0%,腺癌阳性表达率为68.2%。非小细胞肺癌标本中,中低分化表达明显高于高分化(P<0.05);转移表达病例明显高于非转移组(Ρ<0.05)。结论 Clusterin的表达与肺腺癌和肺鳞癌的发生和发展有密切关系。     

非小细胞肺癌ZAC基因的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨ZAC基因表达与非小细胞肺癌发生、发展、转移的关系及其意义.方法 选取行手术切除50例NSCLC病例.采用RT-PCR检测50例非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织,和相应的癌旁组织ZAC mRNA的表达情况.并用western blot 方法检测ZAC的蛋白表达情况.结果 50例配对标本ZAC蛋白检测比较,33例标本肿瘤组织中ZAC蛋白表达明显低于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.05）;37例标本的肿瘤组织中ZAC基因mRNA的表达明显低于癌旁正常组织.ZAC在有淋巴结转移组阳性率为11.5%,在无淋巴结转移组中阳性率为 41.6%,有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）;组织学分级低分化病例中BAC 的阳性率为6.7%,中、高分化病例的阳性率为34.3%,有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 ZAC作为一种保护性基因,其表达下调可能与肺癌的发生、发展有密切关系.通过ZAC的表达情况,可能有助于NSCLC的早期诊断和预后判断.     

DCLK1和A20在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤相关因子双肾上腺样激酶1(DCLK1)和肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3(A20)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学方法检测DCLK1和A20在61例肺癌和22例癌旁肺组织中的表达。结果 (1)非小细胞肺癌原发灶组织和癌旁肺组织中A20的表达阳性率分别为59.0%(36/61)和18.2%(4/22),两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);非小细胞肺癌原发灶组织和癌旁肺组织中DCLK1表达阳性率分别为21.3%(13/61)和27.3%(6/22),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)A20蛋白阳性水平与淋巴结转移显著相关(P0.05),与NSCLC病理组织类型、肿瘤组织分化程度无相关性(P0.05)。DCLK1蛋白阳性水平与肿瘤组织分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移均无相关性(P0.05)。结论 A20在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织,其表达情况与淋巴结转移相关,可能参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生和发展,DCLK1与非小细胞肺癌的进展无明显关系。     

Ras基因产物p21在肺癌中的异常表达及与吸烟的关系

采用免疫组化法对36例肺癌患者癌组织标本进行p21表达检测。结果肺癌组织p21表达率明显高于正常肺组织,P〈0.01;肺癌吸烟患者表达率明显高于不吸烟者,P〈0．05;有淋巴结转移者明显高于无转移者,P〈0．05。证实p21过度表达者预后不良。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.