营养要素与骨骼生长发育及其与大骨节病发病研究现状

分析了影响骨骼生长发育的营养要素,对这些营养要素与大骨节病发病有关的国内外文献进行了归纳总结,得出大骨节病区由于地质条件或气候环境以及居民饮食习惯的特殊性,导致病区人群处于低营养状态,大骨节病区人群普遍存在蛋白、维生素和多种微量元素的缺乏,这些微量元素的缺乏一方面会妨碍骨骼的生长发育,另外也减弱了机体对抗外界有害致病因素的保护作用,探讨营养要素与大骨节病发病的关系对于进一步研究大骨节病的发病机制和疾病的早期预防具有重要意义。     

该不该给孩子补锌

微量元素就是人体必需的六大营养要素(即蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、维生素、矿物质和食用纤维素)之一,是矿物质元素。其中占人体重量万分之一以上的称为宏量元素,如碳、氢、氧、钠、钾、钙、硫、氯、镁和磷11种;万分之一以下的称为微量元素,如锌、铜、锰、碘、硒等80多种。其中锌就是人体最主要的微量元素之一。     

硒维生素E和碘对营养性肥胖小鼠的影响

目的:探讨硒、维生素E和碘对营养性肥胖小鼠的影响。方法:先将小鼠随机分为普食对照组和营养性肥胖组,然后将营养性肥胖小鼠分为肥胖对照组、硒组、维生素E组、碘组、硒维生素E组和硒维生素E碘组,采用灌胃的方式给予硒、维生素E和碘,10周后检测体重、血糖、血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、下丘脑瘦素、肝丙二醛(MDA)。结果:硒、维生素E和碘可减轻体重,降低血糖、TC、TG;下丘脑瘦素、肝MDA水平下降。结论:硒、维生素E、碘以及硒维生素E合用、硒维生素E碘合用均能降低肥胖小鼠体重、血糖、TC、TG,尤以硒维生素E碘合用效果为佳。     

碘缺乏病区部分人群发硒含量的调查

硒是人类生命活动中不可缺少的一种微量元素,为了探讨硒与IDD的关系,我们于1988年至1992年对能反映人体碘摄入及排泄水平的尿碘及能反映人体内硒营养水平的发硒进行了调查测定分析。现将结果分述如下:     

南京市居民微量元素知晓程度的相关研究

目的:了解南京市居民微量元素知识知晓程度,为针对性地指导人们正确利用微量元素提供参考。方法:采用多阶段、分层和系统抽样相结合的方法确定调查对象,选择铁、碘、氟、锌、硒5种常见微量元素的主要作用、饮食来源以及相关疾病作为调查问卷内容开展现况调查。结果:微量元素总体知晓率较低,仅49.7%;50岁以上群体、低文化人群知晓程度明显低于其它人群;微量元素的知晓程度存在明显的不平衡性,硒元素相关知识知晓程度明显低于铁、碘、氟及锌4种元素。结论:居民对饮食平衡的道理均有一定程度的了解,但对具体微量元素知识却知之甚少,不同人群对不同微量元素的知晓程度差异较大,需针对性地开展营养教育,科学、准确地宣传微量元素知识。     

量子共振对肿瘤患者维生素C和微量元素硒的研究

目的 :研究恶性肿瘤患者体内维生素C和微量元素硒的水平。方法 :对临床上已确诊为恶性肿瘤患者用量子共振同康信息检测仪检测其体内的维生素C和微量元素硒。结果 :肿瘤患者严重缺乏维生素C和微量元素硒。结论 :肿瘤患者与正常人群相比 ,体内严重缺乏维生素C和微量元素硒。     

三代繁殖低硒和低硒低碘大鼠动物模型的建立

目的　建立三代繁殖低硒大鼠动物模型 ,为了进一步系统研究低硒对大鼠脑神经智能、心血管、骨软骨、免疫器官 ,生长发育以及生育、衰老的影响提供研究用动物模型。方法　利用低硒酵母为主要原料人工配制半合成饲料喂养大鼠并连续繁殖到第三代 ,历时一年半。原代动物选用健康断乳后封闭群SD大鼠6 0只 ,体重平均值为 (5 0± 5 )g。作为F0代 ,五组大鼠分别为 1 合成饲料对照组 (硒水平 0 1～ 0 3μg g,碘水平≥ 0 2 μg g) ,2低硒一组 (硒水平 0 0 2 μg g,碘水平≥ 0 2 μg g) ,3 低硒二组 (硒水平 0 0 0 5 μg g ,碘水平≥0 2 μg g) ,4 低碘组 (硒水平 0 1～ 0 3μg g ,碘水平 0 0 4 μg g) ,5 低硒低碘组 (硒水平 0 0 1μg g ,碘水平0 0 4 μg g) ;雌雄分笼饲养。F1、F2、F3的分组为 :取消低硒二组 ,低硒低碘组饲料中硒水平同单纯低硒组、碘水平同单纯低碘组 ,余同原代。雌雄分笼饲养。每代大鼠检测血清硒水平、全血GPX活性 ,血清总T3、T4、TSH水平 ,同时对各代仔鼠生长发育期体重、分娩数、新生鼠存活数等进行了观察。结果　发现人工半合成低硒饲料可持续保持大鼠低硒状态 ,使血清硒值在三代繁殖大鼠中维持低水平 ;全血GPX活性保持低水平 ;低硒大鼠分娩数、新生仔鼠存活率下降 ,体重减?     

硒与糖尿病越来越多的关注

糖尿病是严重危害人类健康的常见病．患病率呈明显上升趋势。尽管糖尿病的病因及发病机制至今不完全清楚．但十余年来的研究表明，人体内的微量元素与糖尿病之间存在着某种内在联系。因此．硒与糖尿病的关系也正受到人们越来越多的关注。     

维生素和微量元素,防癌又抗癌

人的机体每天都要从食物中摄取营养,同时还可以利用食物中的维生素、微量元素等进行防癌和抗癌,维护我们的身体健康。药用维生素和微量元素虽然含量多、浓度高,但不可能多种同时服用,且过量服用副作用大。所以,维生素和微量元素最好从食物中获得,既安全且吸收好。维生素C和β-胡萝卜素、硒等有抗氧化剂     

维生素C对低硒高镉饲料饲养大鼠肝细胞电生理的影响

硒参与机体的许多生理过程，是人体必需的微量元素，研究表明，缺硒可以导致心脏、肝脏、关节等机体许多部位的严重病患。但近年的研究进一步表明：单纯低硒并不能致上述疾病，机体脏器的损害可能与环境因素特别是食物中其它物质含量的异常也密切相关，其中，高镉低维生素C可能是十分重要的协同因素。本研究以Wistar大鼠为对象，采用低硒高镉及低硒高镉伴高维生素C饲料饲养建立实验动物模型，以细胞内微电极技术观察低硒、高镉及维生素C对大鼠肝细胞电生理的协同影响，为进一步阐明食物中微量元素及维生素C含量异常致肝细胞损害的机理提供实验依据。     

Selenium, iodine, and the relation with Kashin-Beck disease

The etiology and pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) remain uncertain at present. A deficiency of selenium and iodine is considered common in KBD-affected areas. Supplying selenium and iodine for the prevention of KBD has been performed in the past few decades in affected areas in China. Supplying selenium and/or iodine has produced positive http://www.iciba.com/different/effects in most KBD-affected areas, but there are some affected areas where the effects have been unclear and supplementation with selenium and/or iodine has not eliminated this disease. From animal and vitro experiments, we explore whether a deficiency of selenium and/or iodine may be the environmental factor causing KBD. KBD may have multiple etiologies. The role of selenium and iodine in KBD mainly involves antioxidation and maintenance of thyroid function according to the present review. Other important roles of selenium and iodine in KBD and a certain etiology of this disease need further study.     

The Nutritional Supply of Iodine and Selenium Affects Thyroid Hormone Axis Related Endpoints in Mice

Selenium and iodine are the two central trace elements for the homeostasis of thyroid hormones but additional trace elements such as iron, zinc, and copper are also involved. To compare the primary effects of inadequate intake of selenium and iodine on the thyroid gland, as well as the target organs of thyroid hormones such as liver and kidney, mice were subjected to an eight-week dietary intervention with low versus adequate selenium and iodine supply. Analysis of trace element levels in serum, liver, and kidney demonstrated a successful intervention. Markers of the selenium status were unaffected by the iodine supply. The thyroid gland was able to maintain serum thyroxine levels even under selenium-deficient conditions, despite reduced selenoprotein expression in liver and kidney, including deiodinase type 1. Thyroid hormone target genes responded to the altered selenium and iodine supply, whereas the iron, zinc, and copper homeostasis remained unaffected. There was a notable interaction between thyroid hormones and copper, which requires further clarification. Overall, the effects of an altered selenium and iodine supply were pronounced in thyroid hormone target tissues, but not in the thyroid gland.     

Association between the intake of vitamins and trace elements from supplements and C-reactive protein: results of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the intake of vitamins and trace elements from supplements possibly related to inflammation such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium and zinc. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using data from the Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (MONICA/KORA) Survey 1994/95. SETTING: Region of Augsburg, Southern Germany. SUBJECTS: Population-based sample of 2045 women and 2172 men, aged 25-74 years. RESULTS: Intake of dietary supplements containing vitamins and trace elements was associated with lower CRP levels in women. Especially vitamin E in combination with other vitamins like vitamin C, vitamin B(1), B(2), B(6), B(12), niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid and selenium, was significantly associated with lower CRP levels. Odds ratios for elevated CRP levels (>3.0 mg/l) after multivariable adjustment were 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.89) for the intake of vitamin E and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.91) for the intake of multivitamins, defined as taking three or more different vitamins. These associations were not seen in men. Intake of vitamin C, carotenoids or zinc was not significantly associated with levels of CRP in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the intake of certain vitamins and trace elements from supplements is associated with lower CRP concentrations in women. Thus, intake of these micronutrients could influence the inflammatory process underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Specific dose response relationships and the best combinations of vitamins and trace elements have to be determined in further studies.     

MON和硒对软骨Ⅱ型胶原的影响及与大骨节病的关系

目的 大骨节病是一种地方性、慢性、退行性骨关节病,主要损害关节软骨,病变呈对称性.目前,大骨节病病因并不清楚,在我国研究较多的是真菌中毒说和缺硒说.流行病学资料和以往的实验研究表明,串珠镰刀菌素是在大骨节病病区检测到的镰刀茵毒素之一,该毒素在病区、非病区间存在显著差异.因此,串珠镰刀茵素作为大骨节病的可疑致病因子可能与大骨节病的发生、发展具有一定的相关性.Ⅱ型胶原作为软骨细胞外基质主要成分,可以作为软骨损伤的检测指标,该研究的目的就是检测串珠镰刀茵素对软骨细胞和体外再建软骨组织的Ⅱ型胶原的影响,以及硒的保护性作用,为大骨节病是否为真茵毒素和环境缺硒复合因素作用的病因假说提供一些实验证据.方法 采用PT-PCR方法检测串珠镰刀菌素毒素对Ⅱ型胶原mRNA的影响;用免疫组织化学的方法检测Ⅱ型胶原、MMP1、MMP13的表达.结果 串珠镰刀茵素能够使Ⅱ型胶原mRNA的表达和原位表达均减少,同时MMP1、MMP13的表达增加;补硒能缓解上述变化.结论 串珠镰刀茵素毒素能够抑制Ⅱ型胶原mRNA的合成,同时MMP1、MMP13的表达均增加,促进其分解代谢,使Ⅱ型胶原原位表达减少;最终导致软骨细胞损伤甚至变性坏死;补硒能减轻病情严重程度,但并不能完全阻止这些变化.这些都为进一步研究提供了实验证据.     

Analysis of iodine and selenium trace elements in umbilical cord blood in cretinous regions in northwest China in 1999

Shaanxi Province located at Midwest inland of China was a typical iodine deficient disorders region. To investigate iodine and selenium levels of neonates in the Shaanxi sub-clinical cretinism region of China after supplement of iodine salt for nearly twenty years. We collected 56 umbilical cord blood samples from cretinous regions of Yijun County (a selenium deficient region) north of Shaanxi Province and Ziyang County (a selenium-enriched region) south of the province and from Lintong in Xi'an (a non-cretinous region for control). Among these samples 17 were collected from Ziyang, 20 from Lintong and 19 from Yijun. Seven trace elements of iodine, selenium, zinc, copper, iron, calcium and magnesium in the umbilical cord blood samples were measured and the results were processed statistically. There were no significant differences in the levels of iodine among all three counties. However, the level of selenium in Ziyang was the highest and in Yijun it was the lowest. The other trace elements such as Cu Zn Fe and Mg showed no significant difference among the three counties except for the Ca level which was lower in Yijun. The regression equation was established with the backward method of multiple regression was: Se=0.180+0.00006654 Fe−0.006 Cu−0.005956 Mg+0.1. This study was sponsored by the Natural Science Fund of China (Certificate No: 39670657)     

Developed Determination Method of Ultra Trace Elements and Ultra Trace Element Levels in Plasma of Rat Fed Low Magnesium Diet

Background: Homeostatic mechanisms keep plasma mineral concentrations largely unchangeable, and are not always reflective of the nutritional status. For that reason, nutritional assessment is difficult and another biological index may be of value. Recently, improvement of measuring instruments has permitted more accurate measurement of trace and ultra trace elements.

Methods: A new determination method for trace and ultra trace elements in rat plasma, that uses an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS Elan-6000, Perkin Elmer, Co., USA) without pre-treatment has enabled study of basic data of ultra trace element concentrations for the first time.

Results: The effect of low magnesium (Mg) intake, as compared with the effect of a normal diet, status of 10 trace and ultra trace element status was studied in 12 young male Wistar rats (3-weeks-old), divided into two groups and fed a normal diet or low Mg diet for 4 weeks. The plasma was diluted with ultra pure water (TAMAPURE-AA: Tama Chemical Co., Japan). Ten trace and ultra trace element (As: 75, Se: 82, Rb: 85, Sr: 87, Mo: 95, Ba: 137, Ta: 181, Ir: 193, Au: 197, Pb: 208) concentrations in the plasma were measured with ICP-MS Elan 6000. As, Rb, Sr, Ta, Ir and Au concentrations were significantly high in the plasma of low Mg rats, compared to levels in rats fed normal diets. Essentiality for mammals has been certified for Se, Rb, Mo, As and Pb, but not yet for Sr, Ba, Au, Ir and Ta.

Conclusions: These results prove that trace and ultra trace element concentrations in plasma are changeable by nutritional conditions, and suggest that new physiological functions may be found for these elements, and that they may be proved to be essential for mammals.     

硒、碘、氟与大骨节病关系的研究进展

大骨节病（Kashin—Beck Disease,KBD）是一种典型的慢性、地方性、退行性骨关节病。它以侵犯儿童生长期关节软骨为主,导致软骨坏死,最终骨端膨大、变形。至今该病的病因未明。但生物地球化学学说认为,大骨节病的发生与特定的地理生态环境密切相关。即某些化学元素或化合物在病区环境中的含量过多、缺乏或比例失调等问题,会影响体内矿物质的正常代谢而导致大骨病的发生‘“。本文依据有关研究,在总结相关观点的基础上,通过阐述微量元素硒、碘、氟与大骨节病关系的研究概况,明确硒、碘、氟与大骨节病究竟有何关联及存在的问题。     

Seafood (wild and farmed) for the elderly: Contribution to the dietary intakes of iodine, selenium, DHA and vitamins B12 and D

A large body of published data was analyzed to determine the concentrations of DHA, vitamins B12 and D, iodine, selenium in seafood (finfish and shellfish, wild and farmed, seawater and freshwater). The data on apparent consumption per inhabitant were taken from statistics prepared by OFIMER. This was used to determine the mean consumption of the main products of seafood in France in 2004 and the mean intakes of people aged 65 years and over. Not enough seafood is consumed by older people, according to the French recommended dietary allowances (french RDA), seafood provides 25% of the vitamin D RDA, 56% of the vitamin B12 RDA, 28% of iodine RDA, 23% of selenium RDA and 203% of DHA french RDA. For DHA, mean intake is aprox. 100% of international RDA. Seafood is the only class of food that provides major fractions of all these elements. We therefore recommend that older people increase their consumption of seafood to counteract the potential problems due to the low concentrations of these elements in their usual diets; this could overcome a potentially major public health problem. All elderly people would benefit from an increased intake of vitamin D and B12, iodine and selenium. Although some segments of the population seem not to lack DHA, others, such as those whose socio-economic positions or life styles restrict their seafood intakes, would benefit greatly from an increased intake of this omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.     

采用多因子降维法分析血浆硒水平与D12S304位点与大骨节病发病的交互作用

目的采用多因子降维法分析血浆硒水平与D12S304位点的交互作用,研究其与大骨节病发病的关系。方法采用病例—对照设计分析组间血浆硒水平及D12S304位点基因型在组间的差异,采用多因子降维法分析两者的交互作用。结果病例组血浆硒水平低于对照组,而组间基因型无差别,且未发现血浆硒与基因型之间存在交互作用。结论血浆硒与D12S304位点之间暂未发现交互作用,可能需要扩大样本量或选择其它位点进一步探索基因-环境相互作用在大骨节病发生中的机制。     

乌鲁木齐与阿图什两地孕妇营养状况比较

目的:初步探讨并比较乌鲁木齐和阿图什两地279例孕妇膳食营养状况,阐明两地孕妇营养情况对母子健康的影响,为在少数民族地区进行妇幼营养与优生学的宣传教育以及预防各种出生缺陷提供科学依据,最终达到母子健康的目的。方法:采用24h膳食调查,将全部资料用营养计算器软件V1.6处理,然后输入Excel得出平均值,并与中国营养学会推荐的膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)进行比较,再测定血红蛋白。结果:①乌鲁木齐和阿图什两地孕妇多数营养素未达到中国营养学会推荐的营养素供给量标准。②乌鲁木齐组孕妇的维生素A、维生素E、锌、硒、维生素B12、碘比阿图什组高,其他均比阿图什组低。结论:乌鲁木齐和阿图什两地孕妇多数营养素未达到中国营养学会推荐的营养素供给量标准,而且两地孕妇的膳食营养水平有差异。