前后联合入路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

下颈椎骨折脱位是“三柱”均遭破坏的严重颈脊椎损伤。传统的方法是闭合大重量牵引复位，前路或后路减压、固定、植骨融合术。但对一些未能复位或合并椎间盘损伤压迫脊髓不适合闭合复位，目前尚无统一的治疗模式。单纯的后路或前路手术，不能达到既减压充分又恢复脊柱序列和重建脊柱稳定性的目的。临床上对于颈椎骨折、脱位，颈脊髓前、后方同时受压的复杂损伤患，手术方式的选择尚无定式。我科自2002年1月-2005年10月共收治颈椎骨折脱位患12例，采用同期前后联合入路，减压、植骨、内固定手术，取得满意疗效。[第一段]     

Quadrant通道下经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉治疗上颈椎骨折

[目的]探讨Quadrant通道下经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉治疗上颈椎骨折的安全性及有效性。[方法]2015年1月~2016年12月,采用Quadrant通道下经椎旁肌间隙入路微创椎弓根螺钉治疗15例上颈椎骨折患者,其中男11例,女4例;年龄19~46岁,平均(33.45±9.70)岁。受伤至手术时间1~4 d,平均(2.19±1.10)d。寰椎骨折6例,枢椎骨折7例,寰枢椎骨折2例。Frankel分级:D级5例,E级10例。比较术前及末次随访的Frankel分级、日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)。[结果]15例患者均顺利完成手术,术中未出现脊髓损伤及椎动脉破裂等并发症。手术时间75~120 min,平均(89.13±27.85)min;术中出血量40~180 ml,平均(96.20±43.26)ml。1例患者术后出现右后枕部皮肤麻木,对症处理1周后症状消失。所有患者切口均一期愈合,无感染。术后随访12~36个月,患者神经功能完全恢复,末次随访时Frankel分级均为E级。JOA评分从术前平均(8.13±1.91)分提高至末次随访时(13.20±2.75)分,VAS评分从术前平均(7.26±1.64)分改善至末次随访时(1.202.47),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影像评估方面,术后正侧位X线片和CT检查证实损伤节段复位满意,螺钉位置良好,所有患者骨折均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间(12.90±5.42)周。[结论]Quadrant通道下经椎旁肌间隙入路微创椎弓根螺钉治疗上颈椎骨折具有组织损伤轻、出血少和降低手术创伤导致的椎旁肌退变以及术后颈背部疼痛、僵硬的发生率等优点。     

经Wiltse椎旁肌间隙入路手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的:探讨Wiltse经椎旁肌入路手术治疗胸腰爆裂骨折的临床疗效及优势。方法:自2008年6月至2010年6月,对手术治疗的53例无明显神经损伤的胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者进行回顾性分析,男43例,女10例,平均41岁(19～62岁)。节段分布:T116例,T1211例,L122例,L214例。其中28例采用经椎旁肌间隙入路,25例采用传统后正中入路。比较两种手术入路的手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量,并对患者手术前后腰背部VAS评分、伤椎Cobb角和椎体前部塌陷程度的变化以及伤椎椎管正中矢状径变化进行分析。结果:经椎旁肌间隙入路手术与传统后正中手术相比,无论在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量还是在腰背痛的视觉模拟评分改善等方面都具有明显优势,两种入路在伤椎Cobb角改善、椎体前缘高度恢复和椎管正中矢径变化方面无明显差异。结论:经椎旁肌间隙入路内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折可以达到传统后正中入路手术相同的整复效果,而且具有手术创伤小、出血少、操作简便、术后功能恢复快的优点,值得推广。     

经椎旁肌入路治疗胸腰段椎体骨折

目的 探讨经椎旁肌入路内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的方法和临床疗效.方法 2005年6月至2006年8月,共62例无神经损伤表现的胸腰段椎体骨折患者接受手术治疗.男48例,女14例;平均年龄45.2岁(21～58岁).T12骨折21例,L1骨折24例,L2骨折17例;依据Denis骨折分型,压缩型骨折15例,余下的47例为爆裂型骨折,并且椎管占位均小于1/3,所有骨折后柱均完整.随机选取其中34例患者接受经椎旁肌入路的手术治疗,其余28例患者则采用传统的后正中入路治疗.经椎旁肌人路沿最长肌与多裂肌间隙进入,保留椎旁肌肉的完整性,既可行椎弓根螺钉的内固定操作,也可行横突尖或关节突的植骨融合.术后一般无须放置引流管,术后早期患者即可佩带支具下床行走.结果 通过围手术期疗效观察,发现经椎旁肌入路手术与传统后正中手术相比较在手术时间上差异不大,但在出血量、术后引流量、卧床时间以及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)等方面都具有显著的优势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).截至2007年8月,共56例患者获得随访,平均随访时间18.6个月(12～26个月),所有随访患者的骨折椎体均获得愈合,无一例发生骨折复位丢失及内固定物的松动、断裂,两组间远期疗效无差异.结论 经椎旁肌入路内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折具有创伤小、出血少、术者操作简单、术后患者恢复快等优点.     

前路手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位

目的：探讨前路手术在治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位中的价值。方法：32例严重下颈椎骨折脱位均在全麻下行颈前路减压、复位、自体髂骨植骨及AO颈椎带锁钢板固定。结果：完全复位17例,复位90%以上15例,平均随访28个月,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好,无钢板螺钉并发症,21例脊髓不完全损伤者神经功能获得改善。结论：严惩下颈椎骨折脱位选择前路手术治疗可获得满意的复位和即刻稳定性的重建。     

Ⅰ期前后联合手术入路治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位

目的探讨一期前后联合手术入路治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年6月～2008年6月一期前后联合手术复位、减压和内固定治疗76例严重下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的患者。对手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后并发症和术后神经功能恢复情况等进行分析。结果76例患者术后随访6～28个月,平均12个月,术后神经功能评价按Frankel分级,均有1～2个级别恢复,术前A级10例,B级24例,C级31例,D级11例;术后A级4例,B级8例,C级27例,D级24例,E级13例。植骨均在6个月获得骨性融合。本组未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱出,无血管、神经、食道损伤等并发症。结论严重下颈椎骨折脱位选择I期前后路联合手术可完全恢复颈椎序列,椎管前后方压迫得到彻底解除,损伤节段术后获得即刻稳定,能够获得较好的脊髓功能恢复和骨性融合。     

后前路联合手术治疗难复性下颈椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨后前联合手术治疗难复性下颈椎骨折脱位的疗效.[方法]27例难复性下颈椎骨折脱位采用后前联合手术治疗,先行后路手术复位,再行前路减压、植骨融合、锁定钢板内固定术.[结果]所有病例随访6～38个月,平均24.6个月.6个月后植骨全部融合,无融合节段松动表现,内固定稳定,无断裂及松动.术后25例患者的Frankel分级均有明显提高,只有2例A级患者的Frankel分级无改善.[结论]后前路联合手术是治疗难复性下颈椎骨折脱位的一种有效方法,可获得满意的疗效.     

经椎旁肌间隙入路治疗胸腰段椎体骨折

目的探讨经椎旁肌间隙入路复位内固定术治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的治疗效果。方法 2006年6月至2009年12月,采用后路切开复位内固定术治疗无神经损伤表现的胸腰段椎体骨折患者45例。随机采用经椎旁肌间隙入路23例,男15例,女8例;年龄18～65岁,平均40.4岁。传统后正中入路22例,男16例,女6例;年龄21～59岁,平均41.5岁。比较两组患者围手术期参数及影像学指标。结果通过围手术期疗效观察,发现经椎旁肌间隙入路手术与传统后正中手术相比较在手术时间上差异不大,在伤椎Cobb角的矫正度上差异亦无统计学意义,但在出血量、术后引流量、卧床时间、住院天数以及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）等方面都具有显著的优势,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间20个月（12～26个月）,所有随访患者的骨折椎体均获得愈合,无一例发生骨折复位丢失及内固定物的松动、断裂,两组间远期疗效无差异。结论经椎旁肌间隙入路内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折具有创伤小、出血少、术者操作简单、术后患者恢复快等优点。     

经椎旁肌间隙入路治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的对比经椎旁肌间隙入路与传统后正中入路在治疗胸腰椎骨折上的疗效。方法 2003年5月～2009年1月,行单节段椎弓根钉棒系统撑开复位内固定手术治疗50例单节段胸腰椎压缩性或爆裂性骨折但无神经症状不需行椎管减压的患者。患者随机平均分为2组（n=25）：传统后正中入路组和椎旁肌间隙入路组。比较2组的手术时间、术中出血量、视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分等资料。结果所有患者获得随访,随访时间为6个月。手术时间、术后Coob角矫正率及椎弓根钉置入准确率2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;肌间隙入路组在术中出血量、术后引流量上明显少于传统入路组;肌间隙入路组在VAS评分、血肌酸激酶同工酶水平升高程度上明显低于传统入路组。结论椎旁肌间隙入路与传统后正中入路相比,在治疗不需减压的胸腰椎骨折上,具有创伤小、对椎旁肌的损伤少及术后腰背部疼痛缓解明显的优点。     

手术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎骨折脱位的临床研究

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）合并外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的病理特点,评价前后路联合手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年1月治疗的18例AS合并外伤性颈椎骨折脱位患者。AS平均病程14．5年,3例既往行腰椎截骨矫形手术。术前Frankel分级：A级4例,B级3例,C级9例,D级2例。均为前后路联合手术。结果应用前-后入路4例,前-后-前入路8例,后-前入路6例。一期手术7例,分期11例。术后神经功能除4例A级随访无改善外,其余14例均有不同程度恢复。平均随访21．2个月,术后平均3．6个月植骨获得融合,无内固定失败。围手术期并发症4例,远期1例。结论本研究提示前后路联合手术能取得即刻脊柱三维稳定,有效解除脊髓前后方压迫,是累及三柱的AS合并颈椎骨折脱位的合理外科治疗方式。     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.     

Combined anterior and posterior surgery for treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondyli-tis-(AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation. Methods: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D accord-ing to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade Ⅲ dislocation and 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.Results: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-an-terior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neorological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up. Conclusions: The study suggests that anterior com-bined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.