小鼠脾细胞培养上清中的粒系造血活性及其照射后的改变

观察了小鼠脾脏，胸腺和骨髓细胞培养上清中的粒系造血刺激活性和抑制活性及其在照射后的改变。结果表明，正常小鼠脾细胞培养上清中有一定的造血刺激活性，抑制活性不明显，经３、５、７、８、９Ｇｙ不同剂量照射后早期造血刺激活性随之降低，大剂量照射可降至零。１２￣１４ｄ刺激活性有所恢复。大剂量照后早期小鼠脾细胞培养上清中有一定的抑制活性，照后小鼠的胸腺、骨髓细胞培养上清中未见明显的粒系造血刺激活性，大剂量照射仅     

人巨噬细胞刺激蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中的表达及对CFU—GM的刺激活性

人巨噬细胞刺激蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中的表达及对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的刺激活性①１００８５０北京军事医学科学院放射医学研究所宫锋胡志远陈家佩吴祖泽贺福初关键词巨噬细胞；干细胞中国图书资料分类号Ｑ３４３人巨噬细胞刺激蛋白（ＭＳＰ）是新近发现的一种分子量为７９．３６...     

姬松茸多糖对放射损伤小鼠粒系造血及体内造血因子作用的实验研究

姬松茸系菌类植物 ,研究证实其多糖成分具有抗癌、滋补肝肾、增强机体免疫功能及促进正常造血干、祖细胞增殖的作用。笔者探讨了姬松茸多糖对放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血及体内造血因子的作用机理 ,为其抗放治疗提供实验依据。一、材料和方法1 实验动物 :ＢＡＬＢ ｃ小鼠 ,雌雄兼用 ,体重 18～ 2 4ｇ ,兰州生物制品研究所实验动物室提供 ,制备鼠肺条件培养液采用昆明种小鼠 ,体重 18～ 2 0ｇ ,兰州医学院实验动物室提供。2 药物及试剂 :由日本三重大学提供姬松茸 ,根据文献方法提取水溶性多糖 (ＡＢＰＳ) ,每克干品相当于 4 7ｇ生药。ＲＰＭＩ 16…     

重组人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶对小鼠骨髓造血粒─巨系祖细胞的辐射防护作用

目的：探讨重组人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）的辐射防护作用及其机理。方法：通过γ线辐射损伤小鼠的体内和体外实验，观察了ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ和聚乙二醇修饰的ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ（ＰＥＧ－ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）对小鼠骨髓造血粒－巨系祖细胞克隆产生率（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）的影响。结果：体内实验，小鼠整体照射，静脉给药，以上两种酶（２５`０～３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）均能非常显著地提高ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的数量。其中以照射前后联合给药效果最好。而单纯照射前给药，ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ仅在照前１小时给药效果较好；ＰＥＧ－ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ则在照前３小时或照前１小时给药都有较好的效果。体外实验，小鼠离体细胞照射并给药，未见ｒｈＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的影响。结论：以上两种酶对小鼠骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ有良好的辐射防护作用，其机理可能是通过机体防御系统作用的间接途径实现的。ＰＥＧ－ｒｈＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ的生物半衰期较长，可增加给药时机，因而具有更大的实用价值。     

辐射后骨髓造血基质细胞对粒系造血祖细胞生长的影响

本文观察了骨髓造血基质细胞贴壁层及细胞悬液对 GM-CFU-C 生长的影响及照射后的变化。实验结果表明,骨髓基质细胞贴壁层及细胞悬液均有增高 GM-CFU-C 产率的作用。这种刺激性影响与基质细胞贴壁层的细胞密度和细胞悬液的浓度没有依赖关系。1～5Gyγ线照射的骨髓基质细胞贴壁层和细胞悬液支持 GM-CFU-C 集落生成的作用明显削弱。文中讨论了造血基质细胞的辐射损伤在放射病骨髓综合征发病机理中的意义。     

肿瘤坏死因子α对放烧复合伤小鼠粒-单系造血的调控作用

肿瘤坏死因子α对放烧复合伤小鼠粒－单系造血的调控作用蒋伟罗成基作者单位：６３００３８重庆，第三军医大学放射医学研究室（蒋伟现单位：６３００４２，中华创伤杂志编辑部）本文采用骨髓粒－单系祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）体外琼脂培养技术研究了ＴＮＦα在体内、外对放...     

rhTPO/GM-CSF融合蛋白对60Co γ射线照射小鼠造血功能的影响

目的探索一个新的、具有能同时促进机体红、粒及巨核细胞系造血的细胞因子,以便治疗由化疗和放疗等各种原因引起全血细胞损伤的综合征。方法所用的细胞因子是本实验室重组的产品,以照射小鼠为模型,给小鼠注射细胞因子后,观察红、粒及巨核细胞的变化。结果ｒｈＴＰＯ／ＧＭＣＳＦ融合蛋白对受照射小鼠血象有恢复作用。结论融合蛋白具有ＴＰＯ与ＧＭＣＳＦ双重的生物活性     

电磁脉冲辐射后小鼠免疫器官损伤的病理研究

目的 :研究电磁脉冲 (EMP)照射后小鼠脾脏和胸腺的组织病理变化。方法 :198只小鼠经 6× 10 4V/m电磁脉冲辐照后 6h、1d、3d、7d、14d、2 8d、3个月、6个月、9个月和 12个月共 10个时相点活杀取脾脏和胸腺 ,分别应用光镜和电镜进行组织学和超微结构观察。结果 :电磁脉冲辐照后早期 :脾脏脾小体结构不清 ,体积缩小 ,生发中心不明显 ;淋巴细胞核固缩、崩解 ;红髓中巨噬细胞增多 ,血窦扩张、充血明显。照后中期 :脾脏红髓纤维化 ;胸腺皮质细胞变性坏死 ,髓质内可见灶状出血 ,出血灶周围细胞核固缩。照后后期 :脾脏出现“假小叶”状纤维化 ,胸腺皮质变薄 ,髓质变宽 ,皮髓质比例倒置 ,髓质内纤维组织增生甚至纤维化。照后晚期 :脾脏被膜增厚 ,胸腺出现萎缩 ,脾脏和胸腺中的淋巴细胞均有所恢复。在透射电镜下 ,脾脏和胸腺内淋巴细胞均出现典型的凋亡图像。结论 :电磁脉冲辐照后脾脏和胸腺发生明显损伤 ,脾脏损伤更为严重和迅速 ,其病变具有进行性、阶段性及缓慢恢复性特点 ,表明免疫系统器官为EMP辐照敏感组织之一。     

Crypt cell population changes in the mouse jejunum during injury and repair after whole-body gamma irradiation

Adult Swiss albino mice were exposed to 4.5 Gy, 9.0 Gy and 12.0 Gy of 60Co gamma rays and post-irradiation variations in the crypt cell population of jejunum were studied. In all the three exposure groups, a significant decrease in cellularity was observed on day 1. With the beginning of recovery crypt cell population tended to increase and gradually approached normal value by day 8 and 14 in mice exposed to 4.5 Gy and 9.0 Gy respectively. In mice exposed to 12.0 Gy normal value was never attained.     

γ射线诱发小鼠γ-氨基丁酸受体结合活性改变和神经行为变化的观察

目的观察电离辐射对γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体功能的影响以及动物受照射后神经行为的变化。方法采用^60Coγ射线照射小鼠头部，观察不同剂量辐射对小鼠脑内神经细胞中GABA受体活性及其功能结合位点的影响，并对小鼠行为活动改变进行测定。结果辐射可显著降低神经细胞中GABA受体生物结合活性，表现为GABA受体蛋白平衡解离常数(Kd)升高，结合活性降低。受照射后GABA受体的异常变化与其受照射剂量有关。受照射小鼠行为测试结果显示：照射48h后，动物表现出燥动、焦虑等行为活动异常表现，与注射GABA受体阻断剂动物的行为活动变化相一致。结论电离辐射可引起GABA受体活性改变。根据GABA受体阻断剂动物的行为变化实验结果，推测受照射后GABA受体功能和结合活性变化是引发神经行为变化的直接因素。     

Hydro-proteolytic activity in rat's pancreas after irradiation.

Investigations were carried out on the problem of hydrolytic ability of rat's pancreas 24 h after whole body irradiation with the single dose of 800 R and after fractionated irradiation (5 x 150 R). Besides kallikrein, enzymes of intracellular digestion (B-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, cathepsin) and enzymes of intraluminal digestion (amylase, lipase) were chosed for examination. It was stated, that single irradiation evokes rather moderate changes in the activity of examined enzymes causing increase of catheptic and lipolytic activity and decrease in amylase activity accompanied by sharp increase of kallikrein activity in the tissue. Mechanical obstruction of biliopancreatic duct renders trend to decrease of enzymatic activity in almost all enzymes of irradiated group. After fractionated irradiation the general increase of hydroproteolytic activity (with one exception of pancreatic amylase) was stated.     

Gene expression changes in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes after X-ray irradiation

Purpose: Radiation-induced heart disease caused by cardiac exposure to ionizing radiation comprises a variety of cardiovascular effects. Research in this field has been hampered by limited availability of clinical samples and appropriate test models. In this study, we wanted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying electrophysiological changes, which we have observed in a previous study.

Materials and methods: We employed RNA deep-sequencing of human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) 48?h after 5?Gy X-ray irradiation. By comparison to public data from hiPSC-CMs and human myocardium, we verified the expression of cardiac-specific genes in hiPSC-CMs. Results were validated by qRT-PCR.

Results: Differentially gene expression analysis identified 39 and 481 significantly up- and down-regulated genes after irradiation, respectively. Besides, a large fraction of genes associated with cell cycle processes, we identified genes implicated in cardiac calcium homeostasis (PDE3B), oxidative stress response (FDXR and SPATA18) and the etiology of cardiomyopathy (SGCD, BBC3 and GDF15).

Conclusions: Notably, observed gene expression characteristics specific to hiPSC-CMs might be relevant regarding further investigations of the response to external stressors like radiation. The genes and biological processes highlighted in our study present promising starting points for functional follow-up studies for which hiPSC-CMs could pose an appropriate cell model when cell type specific peculiarities are taken into account.     

Mechanical changes in bone after roentgen irradiation with low dosage

We investigated the micromechanical properties using doses from 1 up to 7 Gray and could observe a roughening on the surface of the bone material in the microscopic range by scanning acoustic microscopic measurements. In addition, a preceding irradiation promoted an extension of micro-cracks during the polishing process indicating an embrittlement. After irradiation and removal of the surface layer, the SAM measurements indi-cate a preferential increasing of hardness of softer regions. These results are consistent with our measurements by environmental scanning electron microscopy.