原发性肝癌在高危人群中的超声检出率及临床分析

目的;探讨原发性肝癌在高危人群中的检出率及其声像图,血流动力学特点。方法：应用Ｂ超、彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）及三维彩色血管能量成像（３Ｄ－ＣＰＡ）检查１０３８３例肝脏。结果：对照组肝癌检出率为０．１４％,脂肪肝组检出率为０．８４％。慢性肝炎及乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染组检出率为１０．５６％,肝硬化组检出率为３６．６１％。与对照组比较,肝癌发生危险度在肝硬化组最高（ＲＲ＝２６１．５,９５％ＣＩ     

乙型肝炎病毒新基因型I与肝脏疾病关系的研究

目的：了解乙型肝炎病毒（ HBV）新基因型I与肝脏疾病的关系,为乙肝防治提供科学依据。方法按病例对照研究的原理,采集97例慢性乙型肝炎、72例肝硬化、104例原发性肝癌患者和117例HBV无症状携带者血清标本,用套式聚合酶链反应进行HBV DNA扩增和序列分析。用STAR软件和NCBI基因分型工具进行基因分型,分析HBV新基因型I及其他基因型在各类肝脏疾病中的比例。结果共采集标本390份,HBV基因型I占5．90％,基因型A占0．77％,基因型B占32．05％,基因型C占61．03％,基因型G占0．26％;HBV基因型I在HBV无症状携带者、慢性肝炎、肝硬化、原发性肝癌组中比例比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。基因型I的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、异常检出率与其他基因型比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,基因型I、C高病毒量率均高于基因型B （P＜0．01）。基因型B在HBV无症状携带者、慢性肝炎、肝硬化、原发性肝癌的检出率呈减少趋势（P＜0．01）;基因型C的检出率则呈增加趋势（P＜0．01）。基因型I在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、原发性肝癌的危险度均高于基因型B,基因型C在肝硬化、原发性肝癌的危险度均高于基因型B。结论 HBV 新基因型I 与肝脏疾病有关;基因型C 与肝硬化、原发性肝癌的发生有关。     

TTV与HBV混合感染的研究

目的：探讨输血传播病毒（TTV）与HBV混合感染对HBV复制的影响。方法：应用微板核酸杂交-ELISA法检测175例HBV患者血清中的TTV-DNA，ELISA法进行乙型肝炎相关病毒标志物检测。结果：175例HBV患者中TTV-DNA阳性30例（17．1％），其中无症状携带者、慢性肝炎、活动性肝硬化、原发性肝癌患者中的TTV-DNA检出率分别为3／21（14．3％）、13／76（17．1％）、8／50（16．0％）、6／28（21．4％），各组间差异无统计学意义。在慢性肝炎、活动性肝硬化、原发性肝癌患者中，TTV-DNA阳性组与阴性组各项肝功能指标改变相似。HBV和TTV混合感染组中HBeAg和抗-HBcIgM阳性率低于单纯HBV感染组（P〈0．01和P〈0．05），而血清抗-HBe阳性率则高于单纯HBV感染组（P〈0．01）。结论：TTV的混合感染似乎并不影响HBV所致的肝脏病变程度，对HBV的复制可能有一定的抑制作用。     

慢性 HBV 感染不同临床转归患者外周血 NK细胞 PD －1的表达

目的：比较慢性乙型肝炎病毒（ hepatitis B virus , HBV ）感染不同临床转归患者外周血自然杀伤（NK）细胞程序性凋亡因子－1（programmed death－1, PD－1）的表达情况。方法流式细胞术检测30例健康者（对照组）、17例慢性HBV携带者（携带组）、53例慢性肝炎者（慢性肝炎组）、18例肝炎肝硬化患者（肝硬化组）、16例乙肝相关原发性肝癌者（肝癌组）外周血NK细胞PD－1表达率,并进行比较。结果对照组NK细胞PD－1表达率[（8.2±2.0）％]明显低于携带组[（15.9±5.6）％]、肝硬化组[（14.8±6.8）％]和肝癌组[（14.8±4.1）％],差异有统计学意义（P＝0.000）。对照组与慢性肝炎组[（10.6±4.5）％]相比,差异无统计学意义（P＝0.258）。4组慢性HBV感染不同临床转归组NK细胞PD－1表达率比较,仅携带组NK细胞PD－1表达率高于慢性肝炎组,差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.001）。结论 NK细胞高表达PD－1可能影响机体对HBV感染的清除。     

白细胞介素2联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的：系统评价白细胞介素2联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性及安全性,为临床治疗策略提供依据。方法系统检索中国生物医学文献数据库（BM）、中国学术期刊网络出版总库（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、万方、ISI、Pubmed、Embase 及 Co-chrane library 临床试验注册数据库,采用 Cochrane 协作网 RCT 质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量,Meta 分析提取数据。结果（1）纳入34个 RCT,2037例恶性胸腔积液患者,纳入研究质量一般;（2）与单独使用顺铂比较,Meta 分析合并相对危险度（RR）值：ORR[RR＝1．45,95％CI （1．36～1．54）,P ＜0．01]及发热[RR ＝2．37,95％CI （1．53～3．66）,P ＜0．05]比较差异有统计学意义;白细胞减少症[RR＝0．81,95％CI （0．61～1．07）,P ＝0．14];骨髓抑制[RR ＝0．83,95％CI （0．62～1．11）,P ＝0．21]及胸痛[RR＝1．04,95％CI （0．84～1．29）,P ＝0．69]在两组间差异无统计学意义。结论本研究表明 IL-2联合顺铂能显著改善恶性胸腔积液患者近期疗效,但存发热等不良反应,纳入研究质量一般。     

乙肝病毒感染与原发性肝细胞癌的队列研究

目的：探讨HBV感染与原发性肝细胞癌（PHCC）的关系。方法：1992年在PHCC高发地区江苏省海门市建立了90236例的前瞻性研究队列。其中HBsAg（＋）14338例，HBsAg（-）75898例，对每一研究对象进行一项流行病学调查。采集外周静脉血10ml，检测HBsAg及其它相关研究指标，每年随访1次队列成员的生命状况至2003年终止。比较两组人群PHCC死亡密度和PHCC发病年龄的差别。计算相对危险度（RR）、归因危险度（AR）、归因危险度百分比（AR％），应用COX风险比例模型计算HBsAg（＋）在PHCC发生中的风险率比（HR）。结果：研究组与对照组PHCC死亡密度比较RR=15，63，AR：725．32（1／10万人年），AR％=93．60％，男性HR：22，3，95％CI为18．7～26．6，女性HR：37．2，95％CI为19．1～72．5。PHCC年龄组死亡密度的分析结果表明感染HBV可促使PHCC发病年龄提前。     

肝癌术后复发、转移与中医药防治

原发性肝癌多与乙肝病毒（HBV）持续感染有关,据广东省顺德肝癌高发区正常人群调查,HBSAg阳性率为18．9％．我国每年新发生的肝癌患者约13．7万人,近年我院1227例肝癌住院患者中曾接受手术切除治疗者为237例（1．31％）,术后存活一年以上者为147／237例（62．0％）,其中死于术中及回手术期者5例（34％）．其他多死于术后肿瘤复发和转移,如何防治或延缓肝癌术后复发和转移？则是肝癌防治研究中的新课题。1．肝形术后复发、转移的机理及影响因素据2641例原发性肝癌尸检报告,并发肝硬化者占75％,慢性肝炎占11％,肝纤维化占6％,其…     

HCV、HBV感染与原发性肝癌的临床关系探讨

目的探讨HCV、HBV感染与原发性肝癌的临床关系。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年12月期间84例原发肝癌患者肝炎病毒标志检测的临床资料。选取同期收治的60例其他恶性肿瘤患者作为对照组。结果原发性肝癌组HBV感染率为84．52％,对照组为38．33％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）、HBsAg（＋）感染模式最多,达50．00％;HBV—DNA阳性率64．29％。原发性肝癌组HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性率均高于对照组（P均〈0．01）。原发性肝癌组HCV感染率4．76％。结论HCV、HBV感染是发生原发肝癌的致病危险因素之一,临床上应定期对HCV、HBV感染患者行血清AFP、B超等检查,以便早发现、早治疗。     

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ及其受体在肝组织中的表达意义

目的：研究胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ（IGF－Ⅱ）及其受体（IGFR）在不同肝组织中的表达及与肝癌病理学分级及乙肝病毒感染的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法，检测10正常肝标本，28例肝血管瘤标本、13例肝硬化标本和42例原发性肝癌中的IGF－Ⅱ及IGFR的表达水平，分析其阳性率及与乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染和Edmondson分级的关系。结论：正常肝、肝硬化、肝血管瘤和肝癌中IGF－Ⅱ阳性率分别为10％，76．9％，46．4％，76．2％，IGFR阳性率分别为20％，92．3％，64．2％，61．9％，与正常肝组织相比，各阳性率有显著性差异（P＜0．05），对于肝癌而言，IGF－Ⅱ及IGFR的表达在HBV阳性与阴性之间有显著差异（P＜0．05）；在Edmondson分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ与Ⅲ-Ⅳ之间有显著差异（P＜0．05）。结论：IGF－Ⅱ和IGFR的表达可能参与了肝硬化及肝脏肿瘤的发生。在肝癌中，其表达与HBV感染及肝癌Edmondson分级亦有一定关系。     

培美曲塞与多西紫杉醇二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的Meta分析

目的：通过系统评价的方法比较培美曲塞单药和多西紫杉醇单药二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效与安全性。方法通过Cochrane系统评价的方法,收集文献进行评价与筛选,数据提取,采用 RevMan5．0进行数据分析。结果共纳入9篇研究,1439例患者。Meta分析结果提示：晚期 NSCLC的二线治疗中,培美曲塞与多西紫杉醇相比,治疗有效率（RR＝1．26,95％CI：0．93～1．71,P＝0．14）,疾病控制率（RR＝0．97,95％CI：0．88～1．06,P＝0．49）及1年生存率（RR＝0．98,95％CI：0．81～1．19,P＝0．87）差异均无统计学意义;对于Ⅲ～Ⅳ级中性粒细胞减少（RR＝0．17,95％CI：0．12～0．23,P＜0．01）,血小板减少（RR＝7．01,95％CI：1．87～26．29,P＝0．004）],中性粒细胞性发热（RR＝0．19,95％CI：0．07～0．52,P＜0．01）,脱发（RR＝0．09,95％CI：0．01～0．7,P＝0．02）及腹泻（RR＝0．12,95％CI：0．02～0．65,P＝0．01）不良反应,培美曲塞较多西紫杉醇轻。其他不良反应差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论培美曲塞与多西紫杉醇在晚期 NSCLC二线治疗中疗效相当,但培美曲塞的安全性更好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.