增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的玻璃体手术治疗

目的探讨玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的疗效。方法对2006-03～2009-03连续行玻璃体切割术107例(135眼)PDR病例进行回顾性研究。结果术后随访4～22个月,末次随访时视力范围为眼前指数～0.3。其中眼前指数～0.05的46只眼,0.06～0.1的48只眼,0.1～0.3的14只眼,与手术前相比,除1只眼继发新生血管性青光眼外均有不同程度的提高。视网膜均复位。结论玻璃体手术联合全视网膜光凝术是治疗PDR的有效手段,合理掌握手术时机与适应证对治疗结果非常关键。     

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除术的效果观察

目的探讨玻璃体切除术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的效果。方法对收治的不同分期的增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者40例(43只眼)实施玻璃体切除术治疗,观察术后视力改善及并发症情况。结果术后患者均获随访6个月,Ⅳ期患者术后视力改善率明显高于Ⅴ期及Ⅵ期患者,Ⅴ期患者术后视力改善率均高于Ⅵ期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后出现暂时性眼压升高、玻璃体再次出血等并发症6例(13.95%),均经对症处理后痊愈。结论对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者实施早期诊断和玻璃体切除术,可有效提高患者术后视力,减少并发症发生率和降低致盲率。     

糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术患者的焦点解决短程治疗干预

目的 探讨焦点解决短程治疗用于糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术患者的护理干预效果.方法 将96例拟行玻璃体切割手术治疗的糖尿病视网膜病变患者随机分为对照组与观察组各48例.对照组给予眼科常规护理及心理护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施焦点解决短程治疗心理干预.采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、视功能损害眼病患者生活质量量表及自制护理满意度量表对两组患者进行效果评价.结果 干预后观察组焦虑、抑郁评分显著低于对照组,生活质量及护理满意度显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 焦点解决短程治疗可改善糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术患者负性情绪,提高其生活质量及护理满意度.     

玻璃体切割联合曲安奈德眼内注射治疗增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变的术后护理

对20例增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变患者采用玻璃体切割联合曲安奈德眼内注射治疗。出院时所有患者视网膜脱离复位,视力有不同程度的提高;8例术后出现短暂的眼压升高,1例发生无菌性眼内炎,经对症处理均得到控制。提出术后严密观察患者全身情况,控制血糖、血压,做好特殊体位、术眼护理,预防眼压升高、眼内炎等并发症,可提高手术效果。     

玻璃体切割联合曲安奈德眼内注射治疗增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变的术后护理

对20例增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变患者采用玻璃体切割联合曲安奈德眼内注射治疗.出院时所有患者视网膜脱离复位,视力有不同程度的提高;8例术后出现短暂的眼压升高,1例发生无菌性眼内炎,经对症处理均得到控制.提出术后严密观察患者全身情况,控制血糖、血压,做好特殊体位、术眼护理,预防眼压升高、眼内炎等并发症,可提高手术效果.     

糖尿病视网膜病变应用玻璃体切除术的护理

目的分析与研究糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体切除术围术期护理的对策与效果。方法选取2012-10—2014-10收治的对80例糖尿病并视网膜病变患者,行玻璃体切除术治疗。回顾性分析患者的临床护理资料。结果经过精心的护理,80例患者均康复出院,术后随访,10例视力0.5,62例为0.1~0.4,8例为0.03~0.09。术后轻微并发症发生率为12.5%。结论对接受玻璃体切除术的糖尿病并视网膜病变患者,给予合理的护理措施,可预防发生并发症,有效改善患者的术后视力,提高患者生活质量。     

视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体切割术后的疗效观察及护理对策

目的:探讨视网膜脱离手术后护理方法.方法:观察并总结对42例视网膜脱离病变的患者施行玻璃体切割手术治疗的术后护理.结果:体位心理及术后并发症的观察与护理可有效提高手术成功率.结论:规范的护理是保证视网膜脱离手术成功的关键之一.     

严重眼外伤早期玻璃体视网膜手术疗效观察

严重眼外伤常致眼的结构破坏．伴随玻璃体视网膜损伤．引起视功能不同程度损害。临床常规早期进行急诊清创缝合创口,联合抗感染、止血剂等治疗。对合并玻璃体视网膜病变者．常选择Ⅱ期伤后10天左右行玻璃体视网膜手术。本院于2007年1月至2008年12月间．收治20例伴有玻璃体视网膜损伤的严重眼外伤患者。为控止病情进一步恶化．笔者对该组患者在伤后早期（72小时内）实施了玻璃体视网膜手术。经临床随访观察,取得较好的效果。现总结报告如下。     

葛根素治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的观察葛根素对糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗效果,探讨护理方法。方法对86例糖尿病视网膜病变的患者,应用葛根素0.4 g加入0.9%氯化纳注射液250 ml中静脉滴注,1次/d,15 d为1个疗程,并对患者进行用药护理。2个疗程后观察患者用葛根素治疗前后各指标的改变。结果治疗前后比较,各血液流变学指标和血液动力学指标均显著改善,眼底病变好转(均P<0.05)。结论使用葛根素治疗早期糖尿病视网膜病变疗效可靠。     

白内障超乳联合玻璃体切割术治疗白内障合并玻璃体视网膜病变体会

目的探讨白内障超乳联合玻璃体切割术治疗白内障合并玻璃体视网膜病变的效果。方法回顾性分析2013-02—2014-11间116例(共137眼)白内障合并玻璃体视网膜病变患者实施白内障超乳联合玻璃体切割术治疗的临床治疗资料及随访情况。结果对患者随访4~24个月,137眼中112眼(81.75%)视力改善,其中66眼(48.18%)视力提高2行,30眼(24.59%)出现角膜水肿。48眼(39.34%)出现前房反应。33眼(27.05%)出现一过性高眼压。5例发生继发性青光眼。7例发生视网膜脱落,其中3例为复发性视网膜脱离。余患者术后2周恢复正常。结论白内障超乳联合玻璃体切割术治疗白内障合并玻璃体视网膜病变效果肯定,合理选择手术适应证,提高手术技巧可减少并发症。     

Enzymatic vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

The aim of this paper is to determine the role of enzymatic vitrectomy performed by intravitreal injection of autologous plasmin enzyme (APE) in the management of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME). Diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or DME and evident posterior hyaloid adherence to the retinal surface were included. All cases were treated with an initial intravitreal injection of APE and reevaluated one month later, measuring changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular thickness and the status of the posterior hyaloid. A second APE injection was performed in cases with no evident posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) after the initial treatment. Sixty-three eyes were included in the present review. A complete PVD appeared in 38% of cases (24 eyes) after one injection of plasmin and the total increased to 51% (32 eyes) after the second injection, separated at least by one month. The central macular thickness improved in all cases (100%) and BCVA in 89%. Finally, in 50% of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, a high reduction of new vessels regression was observed. Enzymatic vitrectomy could be considered a good therapeutic alternative in diabetic retinopathy and macular edema.     

糖尿病肾病与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究进展

糖尿病肾病(DN)和糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)均是糖尿病的微血管病变，是目前成人终末期肾病(ESRD)和致盲的重要原因，两者在发生、发展过程中具有一定平行性，又存在不平行性。DN和DR可预测彼此的发生、发展，但目前对于两者之间的关系尚未明确。因此，本文就DN与DR之间的相关性的研究进展作一综述，为临床诊断治疗提供帮助。     

Diabetic retinopathy may predict the renal outcomes of patients with diabetic nephropathy

Background: The patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are prone to develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between DR and the progression of DN in patients with T2DM.

Methods: In the cross-section study, 250 patients with T2DM and biopsy-proven DN were divided into two groups: 130 in the DN without DR group (DN group) and 120 in the DN?+?DR group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for DR. Of the above 250 patients, 141 were recruited in the cohort study who received follow-up for at least 1 year and the influence of DR on renal outcome was assessed using Cox regression. Renal outcome was defined as the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Results: In the cross-section study, the severity of glomerular lesions (class IIb?+?III) and DM history?>10 years were significantly associated with the odds of DR when adjusting for baseline proteinuria, hematuria, e-GFR, and interstitial inflammation. In the cohort study, a multivariate COX analysis demonstrated that the DR remained an independent risk factor for progression to ESRD when adjusting for important clinical variables and pathological findings (p?Conclusions: These findings indicated that the severity of glomerular lesions was significantly associated with DR and DR was an independent risk factor for the renal outcomes in patients with DN, which suggested that DR may predict the renal prognosis of patients with T2DM and DN.     

Plasma melatonin levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy secondary to type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUNDMelatonin is reported to be related to diabetes mellitus (DM) risk; however, the effect of melatonin on diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk remains unclear.AIMThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin on DR risk.METHODSA hospital-based case-control study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020. DR was assessed using the Diabetic Retinopathy preferred practice pattern (PPP)-updated 2019 criteria. The participants were divided into the DM cases without DR (NDR) group, non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and proliferative DR (PDR) group. Plasma melatonin concentration was detected with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The relationship between plasma melatonin concentration and DR risk as well as severity was assessed.RESULTSIt was found that plasma melatonin was 72.83 ± 16.25, 60.38 ± 13.43, 44.48 ± 10.30 and 44.69 ± 8.95 pg/mL in healthy controls, NDR group, NPDR and PDR group, respectively. In addition, it was found that plasma melatonin could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for DR (AUC = 0.893, P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between total bilirubin and melatonin content (P < 0.001) based on the correlation assay. Significant associations between total bilirubin and melatonin content were also detected in the NPDR (R² = 0.360, P < 0.001) and PDR (R² = 0.183, P < 0.001) groups.CONCLUSIONThe data obtained in this study demonstrated that plasma melatonin concen-tration was decreased in DR cases and could be used as a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of DR. A significant positive relationship between total bilirubin and melatonin was detected. More related studies are required to understand the role of melatonin in DR.     

Role of interferons in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in developed regions. Aside from abnormal angiogenesis, inflammation is the most specific and might be the initiating factor of DR. As a key participant in inflammation, interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) can be detected in different parts of the eye and is responsible for the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and activation of inflammatory cells and other cytokines, which accelerate neovascularization and neuroglial degeneration. In addition, IFN-γ is involved in other vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and angiogenesis-dependent diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, cerebral microbleeds, and age-related macular degeneration. Traditional treatments, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, vitrectomy, and laser photocoagulation therapy, are more effective for angiogenesis and not tolerable for every patient. Many ongoing clinical trials are exploring effective drugs that target inflammation. For instance, IFN-α acts against viruses and angiogenesis and is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, IFN-α has been shown to contribute to alleviating the progression of DR and other ocular diseases. In this review, we emphasize the roles that IFNs play in the pathogenesis of DR and discuss potential clinical applications of IFNs in DR, such as diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment.     

The predictive value of diabetic retinopathy on subsequent diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the predictive value of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on further diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on the prospective cohort studies. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for eligible prospective cohort studies through March 2020. The predictive value of DR was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) through the bivariate generalized linear mixed model and the random-effects model. Ten prospective cohort studies recruited 635 patients with T2D. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DR for predicted DN were noted to be 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54–0.73) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.60–0.88), respectively. The pooled PLR and NLR of DR for predicted DN were 2.72 (95% CI, 1.42–5.19) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.33–0.67), respectively. The summary DOR for the relationship between DR and subsequent DN for T2D patients was 5.53 (95% CI, 2.00–15.30), and the AUC of DR for predicted DN was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.69–0.77). This study found significant associations between DR and subsequent DN risk for patients with T2D. Moreover, the predictive value of DR on subsequent DN risk was relatively lower.     

The beneficial effect of coronary-artery-bypass surgery on survival in patients with diabetic retinopathy

Objective: The presence of retinopathy is a predictor of mortality following coronary revascularization in diabetics. We studied whether revascularization by coronary-artery-bypass surgery (CABG), as compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), influences the prognosis in diabetics with retinopathy. Methods: Between April 1996 and March 2004, 1489 patients underwent revascularization as an initial procedure. Among these a total of 319 diabetics underwent retinal examination prior to the initial revascularization. These patients were classified according to whether they had retinopathy and whether they had undergone CABG, either initially or after PCI. Mortality rates were estimated from the time of initial revascularization procedure. Results: The average follow-up from the time of initial revascularization was 48.2 ± 28.6 months. In 153 diabetics with retinopathy, 59 eventually underwent CABG. During the entire follow-up period, there were 2 (3.4%) deaths in diabetics with retinopathy who underwent CABG and 14 (14.9%) deaths in those who did not have CABG. Mortality curves differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.007). After adjustment for risk factors, the relative risk of death was 0.13 afforded by CABG (95% CI, 0.03–0.62; P = 0.011). In 166 diabetics without retinopathy, mortality curves were similar between the patients who underwent CABG and those who did not have CABG (P = 0.94). Conclusions: CABG conferred a survival advantage in diabetics with retinopathy. In contrast, no survival advantage was evident in diabetics without retinopathy undergoing CABG. Retinal status should be taken into consideration when considering revascularization strategy for diabetics who have coronary artery disease.     

Changes and significance of retinal blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indexes in patients with diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUNDDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that can severely affect the patients’ vision, eventually leading to blindness. DR is the most important manifestation of diabetic micro-vasculopathy and is mainly related to the course of diabetes and the degree of blood glucose control, while the age of diabetes onset, sex, and type of diabetes have little influence on it. AIMTo explore the changes in blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indices of retinal vessels in patients with DR.METHODSIn total, 94 patients (94 eyes) with DR (DR group) diagnosed at Jianyang people’s Hospital between March 2019 and June 2020, and 100 volunteers (100 eyes) (control group) without eye diseases, were included in this study. Arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation, retinal arteriovenous vessel diameter, and serum oxidative stress indicators in the two groups were compared. Based on the stage of the disease, the DR group was divided into the simple DR and proliferative DR groups for stratified analysis. RESULTSThe oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in the DR group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The retinal vessel diameters between the DR and control groups were not significantly different. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydehydroguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the DR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in the patients with proliferative DR was significantly higher than that in the patients with simple DR (P < 0.05). The retinal vessel diameter in patients with proliferative DR was not significantly different from that of patients with simple DR (P > 0.05). Serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels in patients with proliferative DR were significantly higher than those in patients with simple DR (P < 0.05). Serum SOD and GSH levels in patients with proliferative DR were significantly lower than those in patients with simple DR (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIncreased blood oxygen saturation of retinal arteries and veins and increased oxidative stress damage in patients with DR may be associated with decreased retinal capillary permeability and arterial oxygen dispersion, possibly reflecting the patient’s condition.     

骶管注射配合牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的评价骶管注射配合牵引理疗治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效和安全性。方法将136例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为治疗组、对照组,每组各68例。治疗组给予骶管注射、腰椎牵引及理疗,对照组仅给予腰椎牵引和理疗。结果对总体疗效而言,意向性分析（intention—to—treat,ITT）结果显示两组总有效率分别为89．70％、77．94％,方案数据分析（per-protocol population,PP）结果显示两组总有效率分别为93．76％、85．00％,疗效差异均有统计学意义,P〈0．05,治疗组具有临床上的优效性,P〈0．05。ITT分析与PP分析结果一致。结论 骶管注射配合牵引理疗治疗腰椎间盘突出症操作简单、疗效肯定、安全性高,值得在临床上推广应用。