全身DWI的正常表现及在转移瘤筛查中的临床应用

目的:探讨磁共振全身扩散加权成像(全身DWI)的正常表现及在转移瘤筛查中的应用价值。方法:20例健康志愿者及25例疑似或确诊恶性肿瘤患者行磁共振全身扩散加权成像,其中11例肿瘤患者同时行PET/CT检查。全身DWI应用STIR抑制背景信号,从头顶至股骨上分段无间隔扫描,共覆盖1080～1440mm,b值取0及600s/mm2。结果:在健康志愿者的全身DWI像上,脑实质、涎腺、椎间盘、脊髓、脾脏、肾脏和前列腺、睾丸、子宫、卵巢等脏器呈高信号,其余脏器及骨骼呈等信号。原发恶性肿瘤及转移灶在全身DWI呈明显高信号,对比度高于常规MRI序列。25例患者全身DWI共检出70处高信号病灶,包括原发恶性肿瘤及转移灶68处,良性病灶2处,显示率为98.6%。11例PET/CT检查共有20处阳性显像,原发恶性肿瘤及转移灶16处,良性病灶4处,显示率100%。结论:磁共振全身扩散加权成像一次检查可完成从头顶至股骨上段的大范围成像,对恶性肿瘤原发灶及转移灶有较高的显示率,可以作为恶性肿瘤患者原发及转移灶筛查的有力工具之一。     

全身一体化MRI和扩散加权成像在淋巴结肿瘤性病变中的应用

目的:初步探讨全身一体化MR和扩散加权成像对全身淋巴结肿瘤性病变的应用价值,并研究影响图像质量的技术参数.方法:病理证实淋巴结肿瘤性病变患者31例,1.5T HD MR行全身一体化MR和全身STIR-DWI扫描.全身一体化扫描采用常规技术,从头到腹股沟区行冠状面扫描.全身STIR-DWI进行轴位分段扫描,利用软件包将各段图像拼接重建成全身图像.结果:所有DWI 、T1WI、T2WI和STIR检查顺利,获得清晰的图像.全身一体化MR有较好的空间分辨力,能够较好的显示全身的解剖结构,但对较小的淋巴结显示欠佳.全身STIR-DWI对肿瘤淋巴结的显示较为敏感.但是图像质量较差,伪影明显增加.结论:全身MR成像和扩散加权成像对全身淋巴结肿瘤性病变是快速可行并行之有效的技术,具有一定的临床价值.     

食管癌MR扩散加权成像研究进展

MR扩散加权成像是活体状态下评价组织水分子与微循环的扩散运动的一种无创性手段,为肿瘤诊断、分期及治疗效果评估提供重要信息。扩散加权成像的表观扩散系数(ADC)可作为一种有价值的放射学定量指标,应用于食管癌的早期诊断,评价肿瘤血管生成及分期、分级,预测放化疗疗效及评估治疗效果。就扩散加权成像在食管癌中的应用予以综述。     

扩散加权成像在乳腺肿瘤中的应用

扩散加权成像是指在分子水平研究组织中自由水质子随意运动的功能性磁共振技术,是一种评价正常及病理组织功能性改变的无创性方法。其在乳腺中的应用为乳腺肿瘤的检出及良恶性的鉴别开拓了新的前景。就扩散加权成像的技术原理、在乳腺肿瘤中的临床应用及与其他影像学检查手段比较等方面进行介绍。     

肝脏扩散加权成像研究进展

磁共振扩散加权成像由于其独特的成像机制在肝脏的应用日益广泛。综合近期研究,肝脏DWI在病变的检出、定性以及肿瘤疗效预测和监测等方面均显示出较高应用价值,尤其是DWI联合增强MRI及低b值DWI在肝脏局灶性病灶的检出和肝纤维化的无创评估等方面取得较大进步,ADC值在肿瘤疗效预测及监测方面的价值已逐步得到认可。肝脏DWI研究仍受到成像技术、ADC值测量准确性等因素影响,有待深入研究。     

肝脏扩散加权成像研究进展

磁共振扩散加权成像由于其独特的成像机制在肝脏的应用日益广泛。综合近期研究,肝脏DWI在病变的检出、定性以及肿瘤疗效预测和监测等方面均显示出较高应用价值,尤其是DWI联合增强MRI及低b值DWI在肝脏局灶性病灶的检出和肝纤维化的无创评估等方面取得较大进步,ADC值在肿瘤疗效预测及监测方面的价值已逐步得到认可。肝脏DWI研究仍受到成像技术、ADC值测量准确性等因素影响,有待深入研究。     

MR扩散加权成像对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像在脑弥漫性轴索损伤诊断中的应用价值.方法:对13例临床诊断为弥漫性轴索损伤的脑外伤患者磁共振检查资料进行回顾性分析.结果:扩散加权成像对弥漫性轴索损伤出血性病灶和水肿性病灶检出均很敏感,尤其是对小出血灶和小水肿灶的检出能力显著超过自旋回波序列.扩散加权成像对小出血灶有独特优势,其特征性表现是斑点状低信号周围有水肿环,而且通过消除脑脊液信号,扩散加权成像能更好显示胼胝体水肿灶.讨论:与自旋回波序列比较,磁共振扩散加权成像能更加敏感地检出脑内小病灶,对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断显示出更高的应用价值.     

扩散加权成像在乳腺肿瘤中的应用

扩散加权成像是指在分子水平研究组织中自由水质子随意运动的功能性磁共振技术,是一种评价正常及病理组织功能性改变的无创性方法.其在乳腺中的应用为乳腺肿瘤的检出及良恶性的鉴别开拓了新的前景.就扩散加权成像的技术原理、在乳腺肿瘤中的临床应用及与其他影像学检查手段比较等方面进行介绍.     

MR扩散加权成像在体部的应用

MR扩散加权成像在体部的应用逐渐增多，介绍体部多种组织器官的扩散加权成像技术、表现及其应用价值，并分析体部扩散加权成像存在的问题及原因。     

扩散峰度成像在肝细胞癌中的研究进展

【摘要】扩散峰度成像是扩散成像的延伸技术,能量化水分子扩散偏离高斯分布的程度。与传统扩散加权成像相比,能更真实、准确评估微环境的细微变化,扩散峰度成像已日益成为肿瘤研究的热点。本文就扩散峰度成像的技术原理、参数及其在肝细胞癌诊断、病理分级、疗效评估、复发及预后预测中的应用进行综述。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.