脂氧合酶抑制剂NDGA对胰腺癌细胞PCNA-1增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨脂氧合酶抑制剂NDGA对人胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1生长抑制、诱导凋亡及其对bcl-2、bax表达的影响.方法:采用MTT法检测NDGA对胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1增殖活性的影响,流式细胞术检测NDGA处理的胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1的细胞周期及凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2、bax的表达.结果:NDGA抑制胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1的增殖活性,呈剂量依赖效应关系;细胞经100μmol/L的NDGA处理后G0/G1期细胞减少(P＜0.05)、S期细胞增多(P＜0.05),G2/M期细胞无明显变化;细胞经100μmol/L的NDGA处理48h后bcl-2蛋白与对照组相比表达下调(P＜0.01)、bax蛋白与对照组相比表达上调(P＜0.01).结论:NDGA对胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1有抑制增殖、诱导其凋亡作用,诱导细胞凋亡的机制可能与细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2表达下调、bax表达上调有关.     

脂氧合酶抑制剂NDGA对胰腺癌细胞PCNA-1增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：探讨脂氧合酶抑制剂NDGA对人胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1生长抑制、诱导凋亡及其对bcl-2、bax表达的影响。方法：采用MTT法检测NDGA对胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1增殖活性的影响,流式细胞术检测NDGA处理的胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1的细胞周期及凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2、bax的表达。结果：NDGA抑制胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1的增殖活性,呈剂量依赖效应关系;细胞经100μmol／L的NDGA处理后G0／G1期细胞减少（P〈0．05）、S期细胞增多（P〈0．05）,G2／M期细胞无明显变化;细胞经100μmol／L的NDGA处理48h后bcl-2蛋白与对照组相比表达下调（P〈0．01）、bax蛋白与对照组相比表达上调（P〈0．01）。结论：NDGA对胰腺癌细胞株PCNA-1有抑制增殖、诱导其凋亡作用,诱导细胞凋亡的机制可能与细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2表达下调、bax表达上调有关。     

熊果酸诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞株凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨熊果酸诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞株凋亡的作用机制.方法用不同浓度的熊果酸处理HT-29细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色检测熊果酸对HT-29细胞的增殖抑制效应,采用形态学、TUNEL法、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的发生,应用免疫组织化学SP法检测凋亡相关基因caspase-9, bax表达的变化.结果熊果酸在体外对HT-29细胞有中度增殖抑制效应,在熊果酸作用下,HT-29细胞出现显著的细胞凋亡征象,TUNEL显示细胞固缩,核染色质聚集或断裂,形成凋亡小体.流式细胞术检测在G1期之前出现sub-G1峰,凋亡率最高为11.63%,熊果酸的作用具有浓度和时间依赖性.在HT-29细胞凋亡过程中,凋亡相关基因caspase-9和bax的表达依次增强.结论熊果酸在体外对HT-29细胞有诱导凋亡的作用.其作用机制可能是通过促进caspase-9的活化和bax的表达上调来实现.     

双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌化bcl-2及bax基因表达的影响

目的 通过观察大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤bcl-2及bax基因的蛋白表达水平,探讨双歧杆菌的抑瘤途径及机制.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测了40只裸鼠大肠癌移植瘤bcl-2及bax基因的蛋白表达率及表达强度.结果 双歧杆菌注射组大肠癌移植瘤bcl-2蛋白表达率及阳性细胞密度均低于肿瘤对照组,bax基因的表达情况则相反.结论 双歧杆菌可使大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的bcl-2基因表达下调,bax基因表达增强,最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,实现其抗瘤目的.     

靛玉红甲肟对HT-29细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及机制

背景与目的:近年来有报道称靛玉红甲肟(indirubin-3'-monoxime)在体内外实验中对部分实体肿瘤细胞具有明显的抑制作用,但尚未见其对人结肠癌HT-29细胞影响的研究报道,因而本文旨在研究其对HT-29细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制.方法:MTT法检测不同浓度靛玉红甲肟处理HT-29细胞后细胞的增殖活性,制作生长抑制曲线.流式细胞仪检测凋亡率,RT-PCR检测细胞凋亡抑制基因survivin和bcl-2及凋亡促进基因Bax mRNA的变化.结果:靛玉红甲肟明显的抑制HT-29的增殖,其作用表现为剂量依赖性和时间依赖性(F=11.25,P<0.01).流式细胞仪检测发现:以10 μ mol/L的靛玉红甲肟处理HT-29细胞后,其凋亡率呈时间依赖性上升(F=195.25,P<0.01).RT-PCR检测发现HT-29细胞survivin(F=78.75,P<0.01)和Box(F=87.61,P<0.01)转录上升,而bcl-2转录显著下降(F=95.82,P<0.01).结论:靛玉红甲肟对人结肠癌HT-29细胞具有明显的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,其作用机制与下调bcl-2/Bax比例有关.     

干扰RNA对HT-29细胞周期和凋亡活性的影响

目的:研究干扰RNA质粒载体对肿瘤细胞的作用.方法:制备了针对FGF3基因的干扰RNA质粒载体(pRNATU6.1/NeoGFP-FGF3),并选用大肠癌细胞株HT-29为实验对象,流式细胞仪观察干扰RNA质粒载体对HT-29细胞周期和凋亡活性的影响.结果:细胞周期分析发现转染pRNATU6.1/NeoGFP-FGF3后,HT-29细胞增殖能力减弱;细胞凋亡实验表明干扰RNA质粒载体有明显的促进肿瘤细胞凋亡作用.结论:干扰RNA质粒载体能明显抑制HT-29肿瘤细胞的增殖,并且能显著促进细胞凋亡.     

干扰RNA对HT-29细胞周期和凋亡活性的影响

目的：研究干扰RNA质粒载体对肿瘤细胞的作用。方法：制备了针对FGF3基因的干扰RNA质粒载体（pRNATU6．1／NeoGFP—FGF3）,并选用大肠癌细胞株HT-29为实验对象,流式细胞仪观察干扰RNA质粒载体对HT-29细胞周期和凋亡活性的影响。结果：细胞周期分析发现转染pRNATU6．1／NeoGFP-FGF3后,HT-29细胞增殖能力减弱;细胞凋亡实验表明干扰RNA质粒载体有明显的促进肿瘤细胞凋亡作用。结论：干扰RNA质粒载体能明显抑制HT-29肿瘤细胞的增殖,并且能显著促进细胞凋亡。     

低剂量辐射对人食管癌细胞凋亡相关基因蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究低剂量辐射对人食管癌细胞凋亡相关基因蛋白P^53、bcl-2和bax表达的影响。方法：采用原位杂交技术检测人食管癌细胞系经低剂量辐射处理前后P5。、bcl-2和bax基因蛋白表达的变化。结果：经4cGy射线照射Eca-109细胞后12小时，P^53基因蛋白表达显降低；bcl-2基因蛋白表达有降低趋势，bax基因蛋白表达有增高趋势，但均无统计学意义，然而，bcl-2／bax比值则明显降低。结论：低剂量辐射能引起Eca-109细胞P^53和bcl-2／bax比值的明显降低，而P^53和bcl-2／bax在辐射诱导细胞凋亡中起着重要作用。因此，低剂量辐射有可能影响食管癌放射治疗的敏感性。     

熊果酸诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨熊果酸（UA）诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡的作用及机制。方法用不同浓度的UA处理HT-29细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法,检测UA对HT-29细胞的增殖抑制效应;采用形态学、TUNEL法和流式细胞术,检测细胞凋亡的发生;应用免疫组织化学S-P法,检测凋亡相关基因caspase-9和bcl-2的表达,并用病理图像分析软件进行半定量分析。结果UA在体外对HT-29细胞有中度增殖抑制效应,在UA作用下,HT-29细胞出现显著的细胞凋亡征象。TUNEL法显示细胞固缩,核染色质聚集或断裂,形成凋亡小体。流式细胞术检测结果显示,在G1期之前出现Sub—G1峰,凋亡率最高为11．63％,UA的作用具有浓度和时间依赖性。在HT-29细胞凋亡过程中,凋亡相关基因caspase-9的表达增强,bcl-2的表达减弱。结论凋亡是UA杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制之一;UA诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡主要与促进caspase-9的活化、下调bcl-2的表达有关。     

姜黄素对人卵巢畸胎瘤PA-1细胞株增殖及凋亡的影响

[目的]探讨姜黄素对人卵巢畸胎瘤PA-1细胞株体外增殖、凋亡的影响。[方法]MTT法观察不同浓度不同作用时间下姜黄素对细胞体外增殖的影响，荧光显微镜观察不同药物浓度下DAPI染色凋亡小体。流式细胞仪测量药物对细胞凋亡和细胞生长周期的影响．Real-time PCR检测不同药物浓度下凋亡相关基因bcl-2／bax的表达。[结果]随着药物浓度的增高，姜黄素对细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用，并有时间依赖性，凋亡率呈药物浓度依赖性，细胞周期S期比例下降、G2/M期比例升高。Real-time PCR结果示bax相对值增高。bcl-2／bax比值呈下降趋势。[结论]姜黄素在体外对PA-1有抑制增殖、促进凋亡作用，提示其在肿瘤的治疗中可能有一定的价值。     

Clinicopathological study of carcinomas of the lip and the mucosa of the upper and lower lips

BACKGROUND: Lip carcinomas are rare oral tumors, and there have been few reports of lip carcinoma in Japan. METHODS: Of 914 patients with oral carcinomas treated between January 1980 and December 1998, 12 (1.3%) had lip carcinoma and 5 (0.5%) had lip mucosal carcinoma. We investigated the clinicopathological features of these 17 patients. RESULTS: Of the 12 patients with carcinoma of the lip, 10 had squamous cell carcinomas (9, external lower lip; 1 commissures) and 2 had mucoepidermoid carcinomas (external upper lip). Of the 5 patients with lip mucosal carcinoma, 3 had squamous cell carcinomas (2, mucosa of the lower lip; 1, mucosa of the upper lip), 1 had mucoepidermoid carcinoma (mucosa of the lower lip), and 1 had acinic cell carcinoma (mucosa of the lower lip). Of the 12 patients with lip carcinoma, 9 were classified as stage I, 2 as stage II, and 1 as stage III; all 5 of the patients with lip mucosal carcinoma were stage I. Five patients with lip carcinoma were treated by resection, 5 by a combination of resection and reconstruction, and 2 by radiotherapy alone. All patients with lip mucosal carcinoma were treated by resection. After the initial therapy, 3 patients without neck dissection had regional recurrences and received delayed neck dissection, and 2 died with neck regional recurrence after dissection. The 5-year cumulative survival rates of the patients with lip carcinoma and those with lip mucosal carcinoma were 82.5% and 80.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that early-stage carcinomas of the lip and of the mucosa of the upper and lower lips are frequent, and we found that the outcome of these patients was excellent. However, an aggressive therapeutic approach to the lip carcinoma patient with cervical metastasis appears warranted, in an attempt to improve locoregional control and ultimate survival.     

Experience in the treatment of synchronous and metachronous carcinoma of the oesophagus and the head and neck

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of multiple primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and oesophagus is controversial. The poor prognosis of these 2 types of carcinoma taken individually and their anatomic proximity complicate the therapeutic strategy and limit the treatment choices for each location. METHODS: From 1986 to 1998, 43 patients received curative treatment for multiple synchronous (n = 30) or metachronous (n = 13) primary neoplasms of the oesophagus and head and neck. For synchronous cancers, the therapeutic strategy consisted of first curing the head and neck cancer and then planning oesophagectomy according to the type of head and neck cancer therapy. RESULTS: Ten total oesopharyngolaryngectomies and 33 subtotal oesophagectomies were performed. The postoperative mortality rate was 9.3% (4/43). The rate of anastomotic leakage was 30% (13/43), and all such leaks were cervical. Pulmonary infection occurred in 19% of cases (8/43). A past history of cervical radiation therapy or cervicotomy did not appear to be a significant risk factor for anastomotic leakage or pulmonary complications. Oesophagectomy did not affect the functional results in the 31 patients whose larynx could be preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophagectomy after head and neck cancer treatment is possible with a low mortality rate and acceptable morbidity.     

胆囊结石及胆囊切除与结直肠癌的关系探讨

目的 探讨胆囊结石及胆囊切除与结直肠癌的关系.方法 回顾性分析347例结直肠癌及608例其他消化道癌的临床资料.结果 结直肠癌患者胆囊结石发生率及既往胆囊切除率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 胆囊结石及胆囊切除可能是结直肠癌的高危因素.     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

The relation between the aging of the steroid generating system and the geneses of cancers of the stomach, the breast and the uterine cervix

The purpose of the present study is to test the validity of the steroid carcinogenesis hypothesis in humans by investigating the problem whether or not a cancer-specific change of the hormonal milieu emerges at a specified stage of life where the growth rate of cancer risk is at its zenith. A case-control study of 14 urinary steroid excretions was conducted for each of 3 human neoplasias. The identification and the size (in parenthesis) of the population units used in this study were,given as follows: a) the male gastric cancer group (421); b) the male control group (104); c) the female breast cancer group (245); d) the cervical cancer group (345); e) the female control group (127). Two kinds of steroid parameters were employed for the statistical analysis of hormonal data: a) the logarithm of a steroid excretion figure (mu g/day), as expressed by log x; b) the logarithm of a relative weight of a given steroid to tetrahydrocortisol, as expressed by log x/THF. The case-control difference for each parameter was expressed in terms of a t-value of Student's t-test. The steroid deviation profile was prepared for each neoplasia and for each of the log x data set and the log x/THF data set. The results obtained are as follows: a) the 2 steroid parameters (log x and log x/THF) for each of 14 urinary steroids were both subject to change with the progress of host age. The rate of age-dependent change was different for each steroid parameter and for each population unit. b) The above differential age dependency of the steroid parameters gave rise to a continual transition of the steroid deviation profile in the course of aging. c) The hormonal traits of male gastric cancer, female breast cancer and cervical cancer were described each as a complex of androgen depression and glucocorticoid stimulation (male gastric cancer), a sequential emergence of premenopausal progestin depression and postmenopausal predominance of glucocorticoid over androgen (female breast cancer), and a complex of androgen-glucocorticoid depression over progestin (cervical cancer). d) The emergence of the above cancer-specific steroid disorders chronologically coincided with the quasiexponential growth phase of cancer risk (and slow growth phase of cancer risk in postmenopausal breast cancer). e) The usefulness of the log x/THF type deviation profile for the assessment of the hormonal milieu of the host was verified by both theoretical approach to the problem and its application to the real data of a case-control study. f) The age dependent decline of androgens was generally much faster in their progressions than that of glucocorticoids - a finding to suggest the possibility that the production of a cancer-specific steroid deviation profile might have taken the form of the stress shift of Hans Selye, since both phenomena share depletion of gonadal steroids relative to glucocorticoid in common. The etiological relevancy of the 3 cancer-specific steroid changes to the geneses of 3 cancers:was discussed in the light of the experimental pathology studies in our laboratory as well as in other laboratories.     

Effect of freezing the helix and the rim or edge of the human and pig ear

We have studied the effect of increasing freeze times on the normal pig's ear and on a variety of lesions of the human ear. The clinical and laboratory data suggest that cartilage necrosis secondary to cryosurgery is a dose-related phenomenon and is uncommon with the freeze times used in clinical practice. Cryosurgery is an effective and cosmetically acceptable treatment for superficial skin lesions of the ear.     

Degree of manifestation of therapeutic pathomorphosis and the nature of the change in the estrogen and progesterone receptors after the radiation and chemotherapy of breast cancer

Estradiol and progesterone receptor levels were measured in 130 patients with stage III breast tumors before treatment and following preoperative radiation or chemotherapy. The data were evaluated versus the morphologic features of posttreatment pathomorphosis of tumor. Standard fractionated radiation (total dose of 70 Gy) was followed by pronounced postradiation pathomorphosis and a decrease in the level and incidence of steroid receptors in 72.7-87.5%. The essentially unchanged receptor profile of tumor following large-fraction (total dose-20 Gy) irradiation as well as presence of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the originally receptor-negative neoplasms after chemotherapy were matched by a slight degree of pathomorphosis.     

Social inequalities in the incidence and case fatality of cancers of the lung,the stomach,the bowels,and the breast

Objective  In order to examine health inequalities in terms of incidences and case fatalities in a German health insurance population. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, intestinal carcinoma, and breast cancer were considered. Social differentiation was depicted by income and occupational position in order to examine which one is more strongly associated with incidence and case fatality. Methods  Analyses were performed using data from a statutory health insurance (n = 170,848). Incomes were divided into quintiles, and subjects were grouped according to occupational status. Results  For lung cancer incidence a gradient between the highest and the lowest 20% of the income distribution emerged. The relative risk of the lowest category was RR = 7.03, for occupational position the figure was RR = 6.98. For stomach cancer the relative risks were RR = 5.33 for income and RR = 7.11 for occupational position. For intestinal carcinoma only income was significantly related with incidence (RR = 4.37 for the lowest 20% of the income distribution), and for breast cancer incidence no social inequalities were found. For case fatality increased relative risks emerged for lung cancer, but only for income. Conclusions  Income and occupational position were associated with cancer incidence with the exception of breast cancer. Apart from lung cancer, case fatalities were unrelated to measures of social differentiation.     

一氧化氮与肿瘤的发生、发展及转移相关的研究进展

一氧化氮（NO）作为一种自由基性质的气体分子,参与了肿瘤的发生、发展、转移等过程。NO一方面介导了巨噬细胞、内皮细胞的杀瘤作用,另一方面又通过促进血管生成、增加血流量肿瘤生成。对NO的深入研究,将为探索肿瘤的发生、发展和开辟新的治疗途径带来希望。     

Urbanization and the incidence of abnormalities of squamous and glandular epithelium of the cervix

BACKGROUND: The large data bases of the Dutch cervical screening program can be exploited to establish the relation between urbanization and the incidence of abnormalities of the squamous and glandular epithelium, including mild or greater changes of the squamous and glandular epithelium of the cervix. METHODS: Six cytology laboratories in the context of the Dutch cervical screening program screened over 190,000 cervical smears. Urbanization (place of residence) data were derived from postal codes. All smears were coded with the Dutch national coding system, the Dutch national classification system KOPAC, in which squamous abnormalities are coded S4-S9, and glandular cell changes are coded G4-G9. From the scores per 1000 screened women, the relative risk (RR) of living in a large city compared with living in rural areas was calculated. To investigate a trend in incidence in relation to urbanization, the Schaafsma method was used. RESULTS: Of the smears with positive cytology, mild squamous dysplasia (S4) had the highest incidence per 1000 screened women (4.32), and the lowest incidence was found for adenocarcinoma (in situ; G7/G9; RR, 0.07). The RR for urban women ranged from 1.73 for moderate squamous dysplasia (S5) to 7.55 for adenocarcinoma (in situ; G7/G9). For smears with positive cytology for both squamous and glandular abnormalities, the Schaafsma method indicated a significant positive trend. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of squamous and glandular abnormalities are maximal in women who live in a large city, which, in The Netherlands, is where there also is a population at high risk for human papillomavirus and bacterial vaginosis.