上颌第三磨牙拔除146例临床体会

<正>1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2009—2011年间临床诊断需要拔除的无松动的上颌第三磨牙146例,患者年龄20～42岁,男女及左右侧均随机不限,其中颊牙合面龋58例,近中邻牙合面龋19例,远中邻牙合面龋22例,牙合面龋8例,伸长15例,颊舌向错位24例。1.2方法常规消毒、麻醉,分离牙龈,选用喙宽薄的牙挺,将其置于上颌第二与第三磨牙之间的邻间隙内。挺喙插入第三磨牙颈部与牙槽骨间,以此为支点,将牙挺向远中转动施压,向     

阿替卡因麻醉下拔除上颌恒磨牙不施行腭侧注射麻醉的可行性

目的探讨拔除上颌恒磨牙时单用阿替卡因进行颊侧注射不施行腭侧注射的可行性。方法选择2007年5-7月在四川省人民医院口腔科就诊的104例需拔除上颌恒磨牙的患者为研究对象,38例患者为双侧上颌均有恒磨牙需要拔除,选择其中一侧作为试验牙,另一侧作为对照牙;两侧磨牙分2次拔除,间隔时间为7 d。66例患者为单侧上颌恒磨牙拔除,将需拔除牙作为试验牙,以前的拔牙经历作为对照。试验组由颊侧前庭沟注射点注入1.7 mL盐酸阿替卡因,对照组除颊侧注射外,在腭侧同时注射2%盐酸利多卡因0.25 mL。麻醉5 min后拔除患牙。由患者填写视觉模拟量表,对疼痛打分。结果试验组上颌恒磨牙麻醉成功率为96.2%,对照组上颌恒磨牙麻醉成功率为97.1%,二者之间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论在上颌恒磨牙的拔除中,阿替卡因颊侧注射麻醉后能达到较好的麻醉效果,可以不进行腭侧麻醉。     

超声骨刀颊侧开窗法拔除下颌低位骨埋伏第三磨牙

目的 :探讨应用超声骨刀颊侧截骨开窗法拔除下颌低位骨埋伏第三磨牙中的应用效果。方法 :收集2016-05-01日—2018-05-01期间,在同济大学附属口腔医院颌面外科病房收治的下颌低位骨埋伏第三磨牙患者24例,采用超声骨刀颊侧截骨开窗法拔除。记录手术时间及围手术期并发症,评价应用效果。结果:所有阻生齿均顺利拔除,平均用时25.1 min(15～42 min)。2例(8.3%)术后1个月出现感染伴局部肿胀,经冲洗换药后均愈合。结论:使用超声骨刀颊侧骨开窗法拔除下颌低位骨埋伏第三磨牙成功率高,并发症发生率低。     

下颌第三磨牙拔除术后疼痛的临床分析及预防

目的研究下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术后疼痛的相关因素,探索其预防和控制方法。方法第一阶段选择450例下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除患者（第1组）,分析术后疼痛的相关因素,建立预先判断牙齿拔除难度的评估模式,在此基础上制定术后疼痛的临床干预模式。第二阶段另外选择450例下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除患者（第2组）,术前判断拔牙难度和引起疼痛的危险因素,并实施术后疼痛的临床干预模式（有选择性和针对性地给予术前用药或牙槽窝局部用药）,观察治疗效果。结果2组患者的年龄、性别、拔牙难度、拔牙时间等相关因素的差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。拔牙难度和拔牙时间是与术后疼痛相关最为紧密的因素,手术后期疼痛还与局部感染因素（牙齿龋坏）以及女性月经周期相关。实施临床干预模式后,第2组患者的术后疼痛程度、重度疼痛发生率和止痛药服用量均明显低于第1组。结论拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙时,实施基于术前拔牙难度判断的围手术期药物的合理控制,可以实现术后疼痛的个体化预防,减轻或避免术后疼痛,有助于避免过量或不当使用药物。     

两种局部麻醉方法应用于下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术的比较

目的 比较下颌高、中位阻生第三磨牙拔除的患者应用无痛口腔局麻仪行牙周膜注射与卡局芯式注射器行下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉注射的麻醉效果.方法 随机选择50例行双侧下颌高、中使阻生第三磨牙拔除术的成人患者,同一患者左右侧随机归入试验组和对照组.试验组应用无痛口腔局麻仪行阻生牙牙周膜局部浸润麻醉,对照组应用卡局芯式注射器行下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉,患者本人对两种麻醉方式的注射疼痛程度及效果进行评价.结果 两组比较,试验组麻醉注射时疼痛的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)值为2.48±0.98,对照组为6.12±0.44,差异有统计学意义(=3.501,P＜0.01).麻醉效果试验组患者自评为“优”者44例,对照组为35例,两组差异无统计学意义(H=2.833,P=0.812).结论 应用无痛口腔局麻仪行牙周膜局部浸润麻醉更有利于下颌高、中位阻生牙拔除术中的无痛操作.     

下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除创伤控制的相关研究

下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除常引起多种与手术创伤相关的并发症,影响患者正常的生活和工作。但国内书籍文献中缺乏对拔牙创伤控制方面的系统阐述,笔者基于临床实践,综合归纳相关文献,在此撰文供临床医务人员讨论,以期在面对此类病例时能制定合理的治疗计划和决策。     

颊侧径路在下颌水平阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的临床应用

目的 探讨颊侧径路在拔除下颌水平阻生第三磨牙术中的临床应用效果.方法 对57例患者的57颗下颌中、低位水平阻生的第三磨牙作颊侧径路的拔除术.对患者拔牙术后疼痛、术后开口度和创口情况等进行客观评估.结果 1)57例患者的57颗下颌中、低位水平阻生牙全部顺利完整拔除;2)颊侧径路去骨充分、术野大、暴露清晰、截冠便捷;3)颊侧径路并发症少.结论 颊侧径路适用于下颌中、低位水平阻生第三磨牙的拔除.     

下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除难度预判

目的：制定直观准确的下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除难度评估方案。方法：选取病例300例,根据牙齿阻生方向、骨及邻牙阻挡程度、牙根变异以及年龄性别设定各参考因素计算分值,由不同年资医生单独完成难度评估,再由一名医生实施手术,观察难度预判准确度。结果：术前评估准确度可达95％～98％,量化的难度预判分值与拔牙时间成显著正相关关系。结论：通过分解分析阻生智齿冠根阻力及个体影响因素,可更有效的判断其拔除难度。     

拔除阻生第三磨牙滑入咽旁间隙临床分析

自1997年8月7日在某医院口腔科拨除左下水平阴生智齿意外滑入咽旁间隙转入我院诊治以来,我院先生收治了5例下颌阴生第三磨牙拨除术中操作不当滑入咽帝间隙.     

两种手术拔除下颌水平阻生第三磨牙的效果比较

目的:比较先出根法(出根法)和先出冠法(出冠法)拔除水平阻生第三磨牙的临床效果。方法:纳入200名双侧下颌水平阻生第三磨牙的患者,一侧采用出根法拔除、另一侧采用出冠法拔除,分别记录手术时间和术后并发症发生情况。结果:出根法和出冠法手术时间分别为：(8.59±1.62) min和(10.49±1.55) min(P<0.05),邻牙损伤的发生率分别为1.0%和4.5%(P<0.05);两种方法术后疼痛、面部肿胀、术后出血、下牙槽及舌神经损伤的发生率无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。结论:采用出根法拔除下颌水平阻生第三磨牙可减少手术时间及邻牙损伤的发生率。     

Extraction of Permanent Maxillary Teeth by Only Buccal Infiltration of Articaine

Objective

The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether articaine hydrochloride administered alone as a single buccal infiltration in maxillary tooth removal, can provide favourable palatal anesthesia as compared to buccal and palatal injection of lidocaine.

Study Design

The study population consisted of 30 patients who were undergoing orthodontic treatment, and who required bilateral extraction of maxillary permanent premolars as per their orthodontic treatment plan. On the experimental side, 4 % articaine/HCl was injected into the buccal vestibule of the tooth to be extracted. On the control side, 2 % lignocaine HCl was injected both into the buccal and the palatal side of the tooth to be extracted. Following tooth extraction all patients completed a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and faces pain scale (FPS) to rate the pain on extraction.

Results

According to the VAS and FPS scores, the pain on extraction between buccal infiltration of articaine and the routine buccal and palatal infiltration of lignocaine was statistically insignificant.

Conclusions

The routine use of a palatal injection for the removal of permanent maxillary premolar teeth may not be required when articaine/HCl is used as the local anesthetic.     

下颌有阻生倾向智牙胚与阻生智牙拔除术的比较研究

目的:比较下颌有阻生倾向的智牙胚拔除术与下颌阻生智牙拔除术的手术难度及术后并发症。方法:研究组选取有阻生倾向的下颌智牙胚拔除术病例41例,并随机收集成年下颌埋伏阻生智牙拔除病例40例作对照。收集两组拔牙手术操作时间、术后疼痛、局部肿胀、张口度改变情况的数据,并进行对比分析。结果:下颌有阻生倾向的智牙胚拔除术操作时间短,术后的肿胀、疼痛及开口改变情况,均较对照组轻。结论:下颌有阻生倾向的智牙胚拔除术,操作简单,术后不良反应较轻,恢复快。     

上颌第三磨牙的形态观察

目的 探讨上颌第三磨牙牙尖数目与牙根型、牙根型与根管数目间的关系,为上颌第三磨牙的保留和再利用提供参考。方法 利用电子数显游标卡尺对上颌第三磨牙进行测量分析,观察牙尖数目和牙根的关系,并通过透明标本的制作观察其髓腔形态。结果 上颌第三磨牙根长大于冠长,颊舌径大于近远中径。其（牙合）面以三尖型居多,其次是四尖型。二尖型和三尖型融合根比例大,四尖型和五尖型者,则二根比例较大。根管系统虽较为复杂,但主要是双根管和三根管型。结论 上颌第三磨牙牙尖与牙根、牙根与根管间的关系有一定的规律性。?     

仅行唇颊侧浸润麻醉拔除上颌牙镇痛效果分析

目的讨论拔除上颌恒牙时不给予腭侧麻醉的可行性。方法拔除双侧上颌恒牙的患者63例,进行双侧对照试验,试验组予4%盐酸阿替卡因（含1∶100000肾上腺素）1.7mL唇颊侧前庭沟浸润麻醉,5min后拔牙;对照组颊侧注射同前,同时腭侧追加上述局麻药0.4mL浸润麻醉,5min后拔牙。所有患者麻醉后和拔牙后分别完成注射及拔牙疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）和语言评价量表（verbal response scale,VRS）测试。结果注射疼痛评价VAS值试验组为（26.3±8.1）mm,对照组为（37.9±6.7）mm,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;拔牙疼痛评价VAS值试验组为（15.3±6.9）mm,对照组为（13.3±5.7）mm,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,所有患者认为拔牙为“可接受”。结论上颌恒牙拔除行腭侧浸润麻醉给患者带来更多不适,仅行4%盐酸阿替卡因唇颊侧浸润麻醉拔牙的方法可行。     

Role of Platelet Rich Fibrin and Platelet Rich Plasma in Wound Healing of Extracted Third Molar Sockets: A Comparative Study

Aims and objectives

This prospective study was done to evaluate and compare the utility and effectiveness of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) with that of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on soft tissue healing and bone tissue healing of extracted third molar sockets.

Materials and methods

This study included split mouths of 20 patients who underwent bilateral extraction of impacted third molars. During the same appointment, following which PRF and PRP were prepared from patients’ autologous blood and placed in right and left extracted sockets, respectively. The data for soft tissue healing were recorded at end of 1 week, using healing index of Landry et al. and the data for bone tissue healing were recorded at the end of 4 months using digitalized orthopantomogram images on Adobe Photoshop CS; which was then compared between the two sites of the same patient.

Results

The mean values of soft tissue healing collected at 1 week post-operative, for PRF group were significantly higher as compared to PRP group. And the mean values of bone density collected at the end of fourth month post-operative, for PRF group were also significantly higher as compared to PRP group. Both tests showed p value of 0.00.

Conclusion

PRF is significantly better in promoting soft tissue healing and also faster regeneration of bone after third molar extraction, in comparison with PRP. This could be attributed to simpler preparation protocols of PRF over PRP and the ability of PRF to release growth factors in a controlled way.     

正畸拔除第一前磨牙对上下颌第三磨牙位置变化的影响

目的:研究第一前磨牙拔除后对第三磨牙位置变化的影响,探讨影响第三磨牙萌出的客观因素。方法:选择56例上下颌第三磨牙均存在的患者进行方丝弓正畸治疗,按照第一前磨牙拔除与否分为拔牙组(30例)和非拔牙组(26例),利用术前术后曲面断层片对患者上下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙、第三磨牙与牙合平面的距离以及下颌长度进行测量分析。结果:拔牙组术前术后各指标变化均有统计学意义,但是非拔牙组中下颌萌出间隙变化不具有统计学意义。拔牙组与非拔牙组术前术后变化量进行组间比较,上颌萌出间隙(U-ES)拔牙组比非拔牙组平均增大1.35 mm(P<0.05),下颌萌出间隙L-ES(R)和L-ES(X i)分别增大了2.72 mm(P<0.05)和3.16 mm(P<0.01),下颌第三磨牙与牙合平面的距离减小0.31 mm(P<0.05),下颌骨长度增加1.68 mm(P<0.05);上颌第三磨牙与牙合平面的距离变化在两组间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:正畸治疗中拔除第一前磨牙可增大上下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙,有利于第三磨牙的萌出。     

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Lidocaine in Permanent Maxillary Teeth Removal Performed with Single Buccal Infiltration Versus Routine Buccal and Palatal Injection

Purpose

For many dental patients, palatal injection proves to be a very traumatic experience. Diverse methods have been suggested to reduce the discomfort of palatal injection. Nevertheless, the reliability of these methods is not obviously evident and they are not found to be universally effective. The desirable method to evade pain during palatal injection is just not to have one. Hence, the present study aims at investigating if lidocaine hydrochloride could provide palatal anesthesia in maxilla when only a buccal infiltration anesthesia is done for teeth extraction.

Patients and Methods

One hundred and fifty patients requiring extraction of maxillary teeth were included in the study. Patients were randomly allotted to two groups, study and control. Patients in study group received a single buccal infiltration of 1.5 mL of lidocaine with epinephrine for extraction of maxillary teeth. Patients in control group received 1.5 mL of buccal and 0.3 mL of palatal infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine for the extraction. After achieving adequate palatal anesthesia the tooth was extracted with consistent technique. Pain level experienced by the patients during injection procedure and during tooth extraction was rated in an 11-point pain rating scale. Time taken to achieve palatal anesthesia following a single buccal infiltration of anesthetic solution was evaluated by regular pin-prick evaluation of palatal tissues.

Results

The overall success rate of palatal anesthesia achieved with a single buccal infiltration is 81.3 %. The success rate reduced as we proceed from anterior to posterior maxilla. Time taken to achieve successful palatal anesthesia by single buccal infiltration is 7–9 min.

Conclusion

The extraction of permanent maxillary anterior teeth and premolars is possible by depositing local anesthesia to the buccal vestibule of the tooth without palatal supplementation. However, the extraction of permanent maxillary posterior teeth with similar technique would result in fewer success rates suggesting its avoidance.     

正畸拔除第一前磨牙对第三磨牙萌出角度的影响

目的：研究正畸拔除第一前磨牙对第三磨牙的影响。方法：37例第一前磨牙拔除和33例非拔牙患者作为研究对象,拍摄术前术后的全景片,测量第三磨牙长轴与平面及第三磨牙长轴与第二磨牙长轴的夹角,对治疗前后夹角的变化以U检验进行比较。结果：结果显示,拔除第一前磨牙后,下颌第三磨牙的的萌出角度得到了改善,而对上颌第三磨牙萌出改善并不明显。结论：拔除下颌第一前磨牙后,第三磨牙萌出角度会更加直立,从而可能减少其阻生的可能性。