Transvaginal urethrolysis for urethral obstruction after anti-incontinence surgery

PurposeTo analyse the success of transvaginal urethrolysis in resolving voiding dysfunction in patients following an anti-incontinence procedure.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on 20 patients who had undergone transvaginal urethrolysis for urethral obstruction following an anti-incontinence procedure. Preoperatively, a history was taken, pelvic examination and urodynamic were done. Mean patient age was 48 years, and the median time between the anti-incontinence procedure and the urethrolysis was nine months. Four patients had urinary retention and had irritative voiding symptoms. Previous surgery included pubovaginal sling in eleven patients, retropubic urethropexy in three and bladder neck suspension in six cases. Mean length of follow up after urethrolysis was 14 months. The urodynamic study demonstrated voiding flow rate of 9,9ml/s and detrusor pressures at maximum flow of 48cmH2O.ResultsOf the 20 patients 14 (70%) had relief of symptoms after a single urethrolysis, while two patients underwent a second transvaginal urethrolysis, with placement of a Martius flap between the urethra and the symphysis. There was no correlation between preoperative parameters examined and the outcome from urethrolysis.ConclusionOur data support transvaginal urethrolysis for the treatment of urethral obstruction after anti-incontinence surgery. It is effective and minimally invasive technique with good results that should be considered if voiding dysfunction does not resolve spontaneously.     

Rapid loss of renal parenchyma after acute obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction (UTO) is a frequent cause of renal failure in the pediatric population. We report a patient with type I/I cystinuria, followed prospectively from birth with yearly ultrasonography, who developed acute UTO due to a cystine stone at 10 years of age. In animal models of UTO, acute obstruction produces rapid loss of renal parenchyma secondary to apoptosis of tubular cells. Since we had prospectively obtained serial ultrasonographic measurements of renal growth, we were able to document sudden decrease in kidney size and function following UTO, suggesting that programmed cell death may similarly have caused the rapid irreversible loss of renal parenchyma in our patient. Despite surgical relief of the obstruction, kidney size decreased for at least 3–4 months. We speculate that anti-apoptotic drugs might be considered as a therapeutic strategy to protect ongoing renal parenchyma loss in UTO. Received: 26 April 2001 / Revised: 28 June 2001 / Accepted: 29 June 2001     

Treatment options for outlet obstruction following anti-incontinence surgery in females

Urethral obstruction following surgical treatment of stress incontinence can result in a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild urgency to complete retention at its most extreme. Management of these symptoms can be challenging and requires a careful history, pelvic examination, and urodynamics in some instances. In patients refractory to medications or conservative measures, urethrolysis is commonly used to treat the underlying outlet obstruction. The selection of which urethrolysis technique to use can be difficult, as many different methods have been described. In many cases, the choice of technique can be tailored to the original procedure(s) that caused the obstruction. Multiple urethrolysis procedures using a transvaginal approach have been described. One type involves perforation of the endopelvic fascia through a lateral approach. This urethrolysis usually is successful in treating obstruction after needle suspensions and pubovaginal slings, whereas retropubic procedures such as a Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) or Burch procedure may require an anterior urethrolysis using a suprameatal approach. In cases where a Burch or MMK was performed and a sling subsequently placed, a combined lateral and anterior approach may be needed to treat the obstruction. In certain cases, a suprapubic approach may be required when the vaginal anatomy was drastically altered or a prior transvaginal urethrolysis failed. Using a urethrolysis technique tailored to the procedure that caused the obstruction, most cases of iatrogenic urethral obstruction should be treatable and result in resumption of normal voiding without producing stress urinary incontinence.     

经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻

目的探讨经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻的效果. 方法回顾性分析采用尿道电切术治疗的30例女性膀胱颈部梗阻患者的临床资料. 结果平均手术时间26 min,平均住院时间为4.3 d;随访6～32个月,23例排尿通畅,无尿失禁、尿瘘等严重并发症发生,3例尿频症状持续2月缓解;4例改善不明显. 结论经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻,创伤小、安全,患者恢复快.     

Transvaginal urethrolysis for obstruction after antiincontinence surgery

Our objective was to determine our success in relieving bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with a transvaginal urethrolysis (TVU). This was a chart review that included 55 patients who underwent 61 TVU procedures between 2001 and 2005. Twenty-three patients had at least one prior TVU. Outcomes evaluated included obstructive symptoms, need for catheterization, postvoid residual (PVR), irritative symptoms, and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Of the 46 patients with obstructive voiding preoperatively, 87% were cured. Of the 47 patients with irritative symptoms, 45% were cured, 34% improved, and 21% were left unchanged. SUI, generally mild, was noted postoperatively in 16% patients. Similar success was seen among patients with prior procedures. Aggressive TVU is very successful in relieving urinary retention and improving or curing overactive bladder symptomatology due to iatrogenic obstruction, even when a prior urethrolysis had been unsuccessful. SUI is an infrequent complication. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Respiratory obstruction after posterior fossa surgery

We report a case of acute upper airway obstruction after tracheal extubation 24 hours after surgery. The respiratory complications of surgery for posterior fossa lesions are discussed.     

多沙唑嗪对兔膀胱出口部分梗阻致膀胱顺应性减低的影响

目的 探讨多沙唑嗪对兔膀胱出口部分梗阻后膀胱顺应性改变的影响.方法 成年雄性新西兰兔40只随机分为4组,每组10只,A组为假手术对照组,B组为膀胱出口部分梗阻组,C组为膀胱出口部分梗阻后口服多沙唑嗪组,D组为假手术后给予多沙唑嗪组.各组于14周行尿动力学检测,检测完成后处死并留取膀胱标本,行膀胱称重.结果 4组膀胱标本质量分别为(3.2±0.9)、(14.1±2.3)、(5.0±2.0)、(2.9±0.5)g;B、C组均高于A、D组,B组高于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);A、D组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).4组逼尿肌漏尿点压分别为(10.2±2.5)、(18.8±6.1)、(13.5±4.7)、(11.6±3.6)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),B组高于A、D组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A、C、D组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).膀胱顺应性分别为(2.86±0.56)、(1.22±0.39)、(4.25±2.19)、(2.90±0.53)ml/cm H2O,B组与A、D组相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);C组高于A、D组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A、D组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论膀胱出口部分梗阻后早期应用多沙唑嗪治疗能够延迟梗阻对膀胱顺应性的损害,保护膀胱储尿功能.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of doxazosin on rabbit bladder compliance after partial bladder outlet obstruction. Methods A total of 40 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 4 groups, with 10 rabbits in each group. Partial bladder outlet obstruction was established in groups B and C, while groups A and D underwent the same operation but without partial bladder outlet obstruction. On the day after the operation, groups C and D received oral administration of doxazosin. After 14 weeks, urodynamic examinations were carried out in all groups, and the bladder was weighted after cystectomy. Results Bladder weight was (3.2±0.9) g in group A, (14.1±2.3) g in group B, (5.0±2.0) in group C,and (2.9±0.5) g in group D. The bladder weight in groups B and C increased significantly compared to groups A and D (P＜0.01), group B increased significantly over group C (P＜0.01), and there was no significant difference between groups A and D (P＞0.05).The detrusor leak point pressure was (10.2±2.5) cm H2O in group A, (18.8±6.1) cm H2O in group B, (13.5±4.7) cm H2O in group C,and (11.6±3.6) cm H2O in group D. The detrusor leak point pressure in group B was significantly higher than group A, group D (P＜0.01) and group C (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between group A, group C and group D (P＞0.05). The bladder compliance was (2.86±0.56) ml/cm H2O in group A, (1.22±0.39) ml/cm H2O in group B, (4.25±2.19) ml/cm H2O in group C,and (2.90±0.53) ml/cm H2O in group D. The bladder compliance was significantly decreased in group B compared to groups A and D (P＜0.01). Bladder compliance in group C was significantly higher than in groups A and D (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference between group A and group D (P＞0.05). Conclusion Early use of doxazosin can delay the occurrence of lower bladder compliance after partial bladder outlet obstruction, thus protecting the storage function of bladder.     

Adhesional small bowel obstruction after colorectal surgery

BACKGROUND: Acute clinical indicators of complications in colorectal surgery can be readily attained but it is much harder to gather indicators of long-term outcomes such as small bowel obstruction (SBO). However, with improved in-hospital data collection and coding such information is becoming available. The aim of the present study was to examine our own hospital database for SBO rates post-colorectal surgery. METHODS: The database was searched and then the relevant medical records were reviewed of all patients admitted to Flinders Medical Centre (Bedford Park, Australia) between July 1999 and November 2002 with a diagnosis of SBO following a colorectal procedure during this same time period. RESULTS: There were 21 patients that accounted for 28 readmissions from a total colorectal procedure group of 583 patients. The arbitrary subgroups were: 13/325 (4%) for colonic resections; 7/186 (3.7%) for rectal resections; 0/12 (0%) for laparotomies/other procedures; and 1/39 (2.6%) for stoma formation/reversals. The overall SBO rate requiring readmission was therefore 3.6%/pt in the 3 years. There was a large variation in the first readmission interval, 38% occurred within 3 months, 43% between 3 and 12 months, and 19% after 1 year. At the first readmission 38% of patients had operative treatment. The mean length of stay was 6.12 days for non-operative vs 21.62 days for operative treatment. CONCLUSION: The reported rate of SBO of 3.6% (at 3 years time interval) is in accordance with other studies. With 38% of patients being treated operatively at first admission there is good acceptance for conservative management in non-strangulated SBO. The prolonged hospital stay for patients needing surgery warrants further investigation.     

Laparoscopic surgery for intestinal obstruction

The indications for laparoscopic surgery have steadily diversified over the last several years. At the present time, the level of comfort with laparoscopic procedures has allowed surgeons to perform procedures which several years ago never would have been attempted. One of the indications for surgery which has only recently been appreciated is bowel obstruction. Specifically, in the last several years a number of authors have described successful application of the laparoscope to treat patients with either acute or chronic bowel obstruction. This article reviews the indications and contraindications for the procedure as well as recommended preoperative evaluation and suggested surgical technique. Furthermore, the early results in these few series is discussed.     

对端旋切技术在尿道闭锁治疗中的应用

目的　探寻腔内治疗尿道闭锁的安全切开方法。　方法　运用尿道对端旋切技术治疗16例尿道闭锁 ,2例旋切后未行进一步处理 ,余 14例在旋切后用电刀行瘢痕切除。术后均留置导尿管 4～ 6周 ,拔管后行尿流率等检查。　结果　 16例对端旋切打通均一次成功 ,旋切过程 18～ 33min ,平均 2 5min。 2例仅行旋切治疗者拔管后排尿欠佳 ,Qmax分别为 9ml /s及 7ml/s ,二期电切后恢复正常排尿 ,Qmax >16ml/s。余 14例拔管后恢复正常排尿 ,Qmax均 >16ml/s。 16例随访 8～4 4个月 ,平均 2 7个月 ,无 1例出现并发症。　结论　对端旋切技术简便、准确、安全 ,为腔内治疗尿道闭锁的一种新方法 ,旋切后对闭锁段尿道瘢痕进一步切除是达到满意效果的关键。     

Endoscopic incision for obstruction of vesico-ureteric anastomosis in transplanted kidneys

OBJECTIVE

To report our experience of endoscopic incision for obstruction of vesico‐ureteric anastomosis (VUA) in transplanted kidneys.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between February 2001 and March 2006, six men and two women (mean age 38 years, range 27–57) with VUA obstruction in their transplanted kidneys were treated by percutaneous nephrostomy and endoscopic incision. After the anastomosis was completely cut, two JJ stents were placed in the ureter for 4–6 weeks. During the follow‐up, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were measured, and urine culture, ultrasound examination and washout renal scintigraphy were performed every month for the first 6 months, then every 3 months.

RESULTS

In all, 12 procedures of endoureterotomy were performed and all procedures resulted in successful incision of the obstruction. There were no complications during or after the procedures. The retrograde and antegrade endoureterotomies were performed with four procedures in two patients and eight procedures in six patients, respectively. At a mean (range) follow‐up of 16 (4–45) months, five of the eight patients had ureteric patency and stable renal function. In three patients there was a recurrence of obstructive uropathy, immediately after JJ stent removal, which finally required open surgical correction.

CONCLUSIONS

Percutaneous nephrostomy and endoscopic incision is safe and effective for obstruction of VUA in transplanted kidney, and it can be the initial therapy for ureteric obstruction in transplanted kidneys; however, open surgical reconstruction should be considered if the initial endoscopic incision procedure fails.     

Sling incision with associated vaginal wall interposition for obstructed voiding secondary to suburethral sling procedure

Obstructed voiding is a well recognized complication following a suburethral sling procedure. Current methods of transvaginal and transabdominal urethrolysis have had variable success rates in relieving the obstruction, and do not restabilize the urethra to prevent potential postoperative stress incontinence. We report on a procedure used in 4 cases which addresses both of these issues. All patients had persistent urinary retention beyond 8 weeks after a suburethral sling procedure. An oupatient procedure consisting of sling incision and associated tissue interposition (vaginal wall in three cases and fascia lata in one) was successful in relieving the obstruction. Continence status was maintained in 3 of the 4 patients. There were no major complications of this outpatient procedure.     

上尿路梗阻性肾积脓的外科处理

目的：探讨上尿路梗阻性肾积脓的外科处理方法。方法：对64例上尿路梗阻性肾积脓患者均行外科处理,再配合以抗生素治疗。结果：手术解除梗阻而保肾的44例患者,经1个月～5年随访(平均26个月),IVU：5～15min显影良好者为28例(63．6％),16～30min显影良好者10例(22．7％),30min以后显影为6例(13．7％)。18例肾切除术者对侧。肾功能均正常。2例因拒绝手术经输尿管导管引流后症状好转出院。结论：上尿路梗阻性肾积脓以结石梗阻为主(78．1％)。积极的外科手术能解除梗阻保留肾功能,肾实质造瘘加双J管内支架引流是比较有效的治疗手段。     

Urethral obstruction after anti-incontinence surgery in women: Evaluation, methodology, and surgical results

Objectives

To evaluate a group of women with voiding dysfunction and a low maximum flow rate (MFR) (less than or equal to 12 mL/s) after surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI); to establish diagnostic parameters indicating obstruction in an attempt to determine treatment selection; and to evaluate preliminary surgical results.

Methods

Eighteen women who underwent anti-incontinence surgery for SUI were diagnosed as having infravesical obstruction (IO). Thirteen women (group A [72%]) presented with clinically predominant symptoms of urgency, frequency, intermittency, and a variable vesical residual volume (RV), and five (group B [28%]) had as their most significant symptoms a high vesical RV and urinary tract infections that had been managed with intermittent catheterization (IC). The diagnosis of IO, suspected after clinical history, was established after physical examination and cystoscopic, cystographic and urodynamic investigations.

Results

Bladder instability was demonstrated in 6 group A patients (46%) and 1 group B patient (20%) (P = NS). Mean MFRs were 8.07 and 7.2 mL/s, respectively, in both groups (P = NS). Mean maximal voiding pressures (MVPs) were 20.23 and 5 cm H₂O, and mean RVs were 57.46 and 174 mL, respectively; both differences were statistically very significant (P <0.01 and P <0.001, respectively). High to normal MVPs occurred in 2 patients overall (11%). Bladder neck overcorrection, midurethral distortion, and postsurgical cystocele were demonstrated in both groups in 11 (85%), 0, and 2 (15%) patients in group A and 3 (60%), 2 (40%), and 3 (60%) patients in group B, respectively (P = NS). Patients in group A were treated surgically with cystourethrolysis and a repeated, less obstructive anti-incontinence operation. In group B 2 women (40%) had a similar surgical procedure; 1 (20%) underwent isolated urethrolysis; and 2 (40%) are currently maintained with IC.

Conclusions

Among these 18 patients with voiding dysfunction after anti-incontinence surgery, a primary diagnosis of IO was established clinically. Only patients with a low MFR were selected for this study. Cystographic and endoscopic investigation as well as the presence of a postsurgical cystocele assisted in establishing the diagnosis. The success rate with urethrolysis and resuspension was 60% for the 13 women with predominantly urgency, frequency, and the highest MVPs (20.23 ± 9.67 cm H₂O [group A]) and 33% for the 5 women with urinary retention presenting the lowest MVPs (5.00 ± 7.07 cm H₂O [group B]). An added resuspension procedure is probably unnecessary in the latter group of patients and requires careful individual selection in the former group.     

Long-term urinary continence rates after simple sling incision for relief of urinary retention following fascia lata pubovaginal slings

PURPOSE: We examined long-term urinary continence rates in patients after midline simple sling incision for urinary retention following suburethral fascia lata slings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was completed of 13 women undergoing a simple sling incision for catheter dependent obstruction after suburethral sling surgery more than 4 years previously. Urinary continence was evaluated by use of the Groutz-Blaivas anti-incontinence surgery response score. The scores were statistically compared as binary categories at mean 111-day and 60.8-month followup. RESULTS: A total of 13 women underwent a simple sling incision for catheter dependent urinary retention after sling surgery, and 11 patients (mean age 73.4 years) were available for long-term followup (60.8 months). The simple sling incision procedure was completed an average of 65 days (range 36 to 235) after original sling placement. Mean post-void residual urine volume at least 1 month after sling surgery was 289 ml (range 75 to 500). At a mean followup of 60.8 months, no patient required catheterization. Of 11 patients 5 wore no pads. There was no statistical difference in leakage episodes per day (p = 1.0), pads per day (p = 0.3), or patient perceived condition (p = 0.3) during long-term followup. The mean Groutz-Blaivas score did not change statistically during the 5-year followup period (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Midline simple sling incision provides relief of catheter dependent obstruction following fascia lata sling surgery while preserving urinary continence in the majority of patients during a 5-year followup period.     

肾盂输尿管成形术及其辅助治疗

目的：探讨肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）梗阻的最佳治疗方法。方法报告63例（70例）UPJ梗阻的治疗情况,48侧行Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术,其中8例巨大及重度肾积水者加作肾内翻折叠及肾固定术,6例行肾盂瓣输尿管成形术,5侧行Y－V成形术,11例行肾切除术,全部病例均放置输尿管支架引流,其中11例患儿应改良式双J管内引流。结果。48侧行Anderson-Hytes肾盂成形术者术后复查IVU显示肾盂明显缩小,肾功能改善,UPJ处蠕动良好,1例吻合口处狭窄,扩张后再次放置双J管8周后治愈。6侧行肾盂瓣成形术及5侧行Y－V成形术者术后复查肾积水有改善,但肾盂缩小不明显,UPJ处蠕动幅度、频率改善不明显。11侧应用改良双J管的患儿术后4周门诊拔管,均获治愈。停顿上以往外引流的18－20d缩短至6－7d.51例随访6个月5－年,1例吻合口处狭窄者扩张置管后治愈,余无复发。结论Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术为最佳术式。巨大肾积水者行Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术加肾内翻折叠及肾固定术不仅改善外观,更利于引流及功能恢复,改良式双J管可用于儿童患者内引流。     

预测乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良的列线图模型建立

目的探讨乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良的危险因素,构建预测术后切口愈合不良发生的列线图模型,并评估模型的预测效果。 方法采用便利抽样法,选择2016年1月至2021年10月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院行乳腺癌手术的813例患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为愈合良好组（767例）和愈合不良组（46例）。收集两组患者基本信息、病理特征及手术情况开展单因素分析,通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选术后切口愈合不良的危险因素,利用R 4.1.3软件绘制术后切口愈合不良发生的列线图预测模型并评估其区分度和符合度。 结果愈合不良组年龄、营养不良、合并糖尿病、贫血及手术切口为纵切口比例、置引流管时间与愈合良好组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良发生的主要危险因素为年龄大（OR=1.269）、营养不良（OR=2.376）、合并糖尿病（OR=2.262）、贫血（OR=2.227）、置引流管时间长（OR=1.571）（均P<0.05）;受试者工作特征曲线及校准曲线分析结果显示,构建的列线图预测模型区分度（曲线下面积为0.785,95% CI：0.725~0.845）及符合度（拟合优度HL检验χ²=8.294,P=0.405）均较高。 结论基于年龄、营养不良、合并糖尿病、贫血、置引流管时间5项危险因素构建的乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良列线图模型具有较好的预测效能。     

Renal tubular apoptosis after complete ureteral obstruction in the presence of hyperoxaluria

Hyperoxaluria is a well-known cause of renal stone disease and in vitro studies have shown that oxalate crystals have a stimulatory effect on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Total and partial ureteral obstruction also have an accelerating effect on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptotic effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the presence of hyperoxaluria on the rat kidney. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with seven rats in each. The groups were named G1 (control), G2 (hyperoxaluric), G3 (obstructive) and G4 (hyperoxaluric + obstructive). G2 and G4 rats were given 1% ethylene glycol (a precursor for oxalates) in their drinking water. G1 and G2 rats underwent sham operation, while left proximal ureteral ligation with a 5-zero silk suture was performed on G3 and G4 animals. The rats were sacrificed 2 weeks after the operation; left nephrectomy was then performed. We searched for the apoptotic cells by direct immuno-peroxidase detection of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA. The mean ± SD values of the apoptotic cell count was 0.86 ± 0.90 in G1 and 4.33 ± 3.81 in G2. The values for G3 and G4 were 30.17 ± 16.85 and 302.67 ± 184.45, respectively. We found a statistically significant difference between all groups (P < 0.001). When compared with the control group (G1), the mean apoptotic cell count was fivefold that of G2 and 35- and 351-fold those of G3 and G4, respectively. Our study demonstrated that hyperoxaluria with complete ureteral obstruction induces an excessive level of apoptosis, which is responsible for renal damage, and that ureteral obstruction is a more important factor for apoptosis than hyperoxaluria. Considering these data, we also believe that research studies for medical preventive measures must be considered for patients with ureteral obstruction and/or hyperoxaluria. Received: 14 January 2000 / Accepted: 12 May 2000